6 This file presents the changes in recent XEmacs versions. It
7 primarily documents user-visible (interface) changes, but also
8 includes internal changes of possible interest to the users. When
9 describing new features, we try to also document ways of reverting to
10 the old behavior, where applicable. If you dislike a recent change in
11 how XEmacs behaves, this file might contain a remedy.
13 Use `C-c C-f' to move to the next equal level of outline, and
14 `C-c C-b' to move to previous equal level. `C-h m' will give more
15 info about the Outline mode. Many commands are also available through
18 Users who would like to know which capabilities have been introduced
19 in each release should look at the appropriate section of this file.
20 Starting with version 20.0, XEmacs includes ChangeLogs, which can be
21 consulted for a more detailed list of changes.
23 N.B. The term "GNU Emacs" refers to any release of Emacs Version
24 19 from the Free Software Foundation's GNU Project. (We do not
25 say just "Emacs" as Richard M. Stallman ["RMS"] prefers, because
26 it is clearly a more generic term.) The term "XEmacs" refers to
27 this program or sometimes to its predecessors "Era" and "Lucid
28 Emacs". The predecessor of all these program is called "Emacs
29 18". When no particular version is implied, "Emacs" will be used.
32 * Changes in XEmacs 21.4
33 ========================
35 ** Summary of user-visible changes:
37 -- PUI related changes (Package User Interface)
38 - A minor rearrangement of the "Tools -> Packages" menu.
39 - Only a single package download site can be selected.
40 - Managing packages via the `customize' interface is no longer
42 - Non-Mule XEmacsen can not install Mule packages.
43 - The "mule-base" package is not needed to "bootstrap" PUI for
44 Mule enabled XEmacsen.
45 - The default for PGP verifying the package-index file is "off" in
47 - The default package-index filename has changed to
48 `package-index.LATEST.gpg'.
49 - The location of the local index file is customisable. See
50 `package-get-package-index-file-location'.
51 - `pui-add-install-directory' has been obsoleted and replaced by
52 `pui-set-local-package-get-directory'.
53 -- The delete key now deletes forward by default.
54 -- Shifted motion keys now select text by default.
55 -- You can now build XEmacs with support for GTK+ widget set.
56 -- ~/.xemacs/init.el is now the preferred location for the init file.
57 - XEmacs now supports a `~/.xemacs/init.el' startup file.
58 - Custom file will move to ~/.xemacs/custom.el.
59 -- Much-improved sample init.el, showing how to use many useful features.
60 -- XEmacs support for menu accelerators has been much improved.
61 -- Default menubar improvements.
62 - Default menubar has many new commands and better organization.
63 - The font-menu is now available under MS Windows.
64 -- Dialog box improvements, including a real file dialog box.
65 - XEmacs now has a proper file dialog box under MS Windows (and GTK)!
66 - The old clunky file dialog box is improved.
67 - Keyboard traversal now works correctly in MS Windows dialog boxes.
68 - There is a Search dialog box available from Edit->Find...
70 -- There is a new MS Windows installer, netinstall, ported from Cygwin.
71 -- The subprocess quote-handling mechanism under Windows is much improved.
72 -- Printing support now available under MS Windows.
73 -- Selection improvements.
74 - Kill and yank now interact with the clipboard under Windows.
75 - MS Windows support for selection is now much more robust.
76 - Motif selection support is now more correct (but slower).
77 -- Mail spool locking now works correctly.
78 -- International support changes.
79 - The default coding-priority-list is now safer.
80 - International keysyms are now supported under X.
81 - MS Windows 1251 code page now supported.
82 - Czech, Thai, Cyrillic-KOI8, Vietnamese, Ethiopic now supported.
83 - Proper support for words in Latin 3 and Latin 4.
84 -- Help buffers contain hyperlinks, and other changes.
85 -- The modeline's text is now scrollable.
86 -- The mouse wheel under MS Windows now functions correctly.
87 -- Interactive searching and matching case improvements.
88 - Incremental search will now highlight all visible matches.
89 - Interactive searches always respect uppercase characters.
90 -- Rectangle functions rewritten to avoid inserting extra spaces.
91 -- New command `kill-entire-line' that always kills the entire line.
92 -- Default values correctly stored in minibuffer histories.
93 -- You can now create "indirect buffers", like in GNU Emacs.
94 -- Pixel-based scrolling has been implemented.
95 -- Operation progress can be displayed using graphical widgets.
96 -- User names following a tilde can now be completed at file name prompts.
97 -- XEmacs can now play sound using Enlightenment Sound Daemon (ESD).
98 -- X-Face support is now available under MS Windows.
99 -- The PostgreSQL Relational Database Management System is now supported.
100 -- Indentation no longer indents comments that begin at column zero.
101 -- Face and variable settings can have comments in Customize.
102 -- New locations for early package hierarchies.
103 -- The `auto-save' library has been greatly improved.
104 -- New variable `mswindows-alt-by-itself-activates-menu'.
105 -- Other init-file-related changes.
106 - Init file in your home directory may be called `.emacs.el'.
107 - New command-line switches -user-init-file and -user-init-directory.
109 - In DOS, etags looks for file.cgz if it cannot find file.c.
110 - New option --ignore-case-regex is an alternative to --regex.
111 - New option --declarations, for C-type languages.
112 - In C++, tags are created for "operator".
114 - In Fortran, procedure is no longer tagged.
115 - In Java, tags are created for "interface".
116 - In Lisp, def-type constructs are now tagged.
117 - In Perl, the --globals option tags global variables.
118 - Python now supported.
119 - New file extensions recognized: .ss, .pdb, .psw.
121 ** The delete key now deletes forward by default.
123 This is regulated by the variable `delete-key-deletes-forward', which
124 now defaults to t. `delete-key-deletes-forward' takes effect only on
125 the systems that offer both a backspace and a delete key. If set to
126 nil, the key labeled "Delete" will always delete backward. If set to
127 non-nil, the "Delete" key will delete forward, except on keyboards
128 where a "Backspace" key is not provided (e.g. old DEC keyboards).
130 Unless our implementation has bugs, the only reason why you would want
131 to set `delete-key-deletes-forward' to nil is if you want to use the
132 Delete key to delete backwards, despite the presence (according to
133 Xlib) of a BackSpace key on the keyboard.
135 ** Shifted motion keys now select text by default.
137 You can turn this off by setting `shifted-motion-keys-select-region'
138 to nil. This works based off of particular keys, not particular
139 commands: Thus, the arrow keys will normally trigger selection when
140 the Shift key is held down regardless of their bindings, and non-arrow
141 keys with the same bindings (e.g. C-f) will not work this way. You
142 can control which keys trigger shifted motion using
143 `motion-keys-for-shifted-motion'. See also
144 `unshifted-motion-keys-deselect-region'.
146 ** You can now build XEmacs with support for GTK+ widget set.
148 XEmacs built that way uses GTK+ to draw menubars, scrollbars, and
149 other GUI components, as well GDK for drawing text, choosing fonts,
150 allocating colors, etc. Additionally, GTK-XEmacs supports Lisp
151 functions for writing your own GTK programs in Emacs Lisp!
153 To use this, build XEmacs with the `--with-gtk' configure flag. (Of
154 course, you'll need to have the GTK+ libraries and header files on the
155 system.) Gnome widgets and functionality are supported where
156 available, and can be turned off.
158 ** ~/.xemacs/init.el is now the preferred location for the init file.
160 *** XEmacs now supports a `~/.xemacs/init.el' startup file.
161 If it exists, XEmacs will prefer it over `.emacs' and `.emacs.el'.
162 The file may be byte-compiled as `~/.xemacs/init.elc'.
164 If present, the `~/.xemacs/' directory may contain startup files for
165 XEmacs packages that support it.
167 The first time you start up XEmacs, it will ask you if you would like
168 to migrate your `.emacs' to the new location. (Your custom settings
169 will also be moved, to `~/.xemacs/custom.el' -- see below.) If so, you
170 will also be asked whether you would like to create a compatibility
171 `.emacs' for backward compatibility with previous versions of XEmacs
172 and with GNU Emacs. (This compatibility `.emacs' simply loads the new
173 init and custom files.) Doing this is generally a good idea -- new
174 versions of XEmacs will prefer `~/.xemacs/init.el' over `~/.emacs' in
177 You can manually migrate at any time with `migrate-user-init-file',
178 and undo any migration with `unmigrate-user-init-file'. The function
179 `create-compatibility-dot-emacs' also lets you manually create a
180 compatibility `.emacs'.
182 NOTE: Under MS Windows, your home directory (i.e. the directory named
183 `~') is specified by the HOME environment variable, and defaults to
184 C:\. To set this variable, modify AUTOEXEC.BAT under Windows 95/98,
185 or select Control Panel->System->Advanced->Environment Variables...
186 under Windows NT/2000.
188 *** Custom file will move to ~/.xemacs/custom.el.
190 Whereas customize settings were formerly stored in the regular init
191 file, XEmacs now prefers them to be in a separate file
192 `~/.xemacs/custom.el', completely under automatic control. This
193 change goes with the migration of the init file, and XEmacs offers
194 automatic migration upon startup.
196 ** Much-improved sample init.el, showing how to use many useful features.
198 The sample init file, located in the `etc/' directory of the XEmacs
199 installation, has been renamed from `sample.emacs' to `sample.init.el',
200 and pretty much rewritten from scratch. (You can view it by selecting
201 the menu item Help->Samples->Sample init.el.) Many of the most-useful
202 optional features in XEmacs have been enabled, and other features that
203 are useful but may be annoying to some are present but commented out.
204 There is also extensive documentation on how to add your own
205 improvements to the init file and where to find more documentation
206 elsewhere in XEmacs. The file has been specifically designed so that
207 most people can simply make it their own init file by copying it to
208 ~/.xemacs/init.el, and they will be satisfied with the results.
210 ** XEmacs support for menu accelerators has been much improved.
212 It now works properly under MS Windows, for example. To enable
213 accelerators, set `menu-accelerator-enabled' to `menu-force'. Menus
214 now have accelerators by default, currently on the first letter of the
215 menu item unless another letter was indicated as the accelerator using
216 %_ in the menu string. These %_ specifications are automatically
217 removed when displaying the menu item, and are handled correctly in
218 functions such as `normalize-menu-item-name'. Some auto-generated
219 menus will have accelerators added dynamically, using numbers 1-9 and
220 letters; to add this feature yourself, use the Lisp command
221 `submenu-generate-accelerator-spec' in a menu filter. The feature
222 `menu-accelerator-support' has been added so that packages can check
223 whether this support exists.
225 ** Default menubar improvements.
227 *** Default menubar has many new commands and better organization.
229 The default menubar has been extensively reorganized. Many more
230 commands are available, and they are more logically organized. The
231 Options menu, in particular, has been significantly expanded, and almost
232 everything on the new Cmds menu is new. (Much of the useful
233 functionality from the `big-menubar' package has been imported.)
235 *** The font-menu is now available under MS Windows.
237 ** Dialog box improvements, including a real file dialog box.
239 *** XEmacs now has a proper file dialog box under MS Windows (and GTK)!
240 This will appear whenever you select a menu item that requires a file
243 *** The old clunky file dialog box is improved.
244 The in-buffer file dialog box (visible on non-MS-Windows, non-GTK
245 systems) is still clunky but has had many improvements to make it work
246 significantly better.
248 *** Keyboard traversal now works correctly in MS Windows dialog boxes.
250 *** There is a Search dialog box available from Edit->Find...
251 However, it's very experimental and needs a lot of work.
255 You can now use buffer tabs to switch between buffers.
257 The tabs are located between the toolbar and the uppermost window, in
258 a location called the "gutter". If you dislike the buffer tabs, you can
259 disable them using the menu item `Options->Display->Buffers Tab Visible'
260 by customizing `gutter-buffers-tab-visible-p', or by placing this in
261 your .xemacs/init.el:
263 (custom-set-variables '(gutter-buffers-tab-visible-p nil))
265 You can change the location of the gutter using the menu item
266 `Options->Display->Default Gutter Location' or with (e.g.)
268 (custom-set-variables '(default-gutter-position 'left))
270 However, currently only MS Windows supports tab widgets with
271 orientations other than vertical, and it doesn't currently support
272 gutters on the bottom of the frame.
274 ** There is a new MS Windows installer, netinstall, ported from Cygwin.
276 Nearly complete automation of the XEmacs install process from
277 ftp.xemacs.org. Includes selection of Lisp packages to install, etc.
279 ** The subprocess quote-handling mechanism under Windows is much improved.
281 Specifically, the quote-handling mechanism has been completely rewritten,
282 and you should now be able to use single or double quotes to quote arguments
283 just like under Unix, and expect to get correct results regardless of the
284 shell you are using (e.g. CMD.EXE, bash from Cygwin, etc.). For example,
285 the following command:
287 M-x grep '<<<<<<<' *.c
289 should work as intended.
291 ** Printing support now available under MS Windows.
293 The File->Print... menu item pretty-prints using the standard MS
294 Windows printing facilities. Unfortunately it's still rather
295 experimental. There is a separate `msprinter' device tag for MS
296 Windows printers, and so you can control the way that faces appear on
297 the printer by using this tag to specify device-specific face
300 ** Selection improvements.
302 *** Kill and yank now interact with the clipboard under Windows.
304 This was done by changing the default value of `interprogram-cut-function'
305 and `interprogram-paste-function'. You can get the old behavior by
306 setting these to nil, and there is an option on the options menu to do
309 *** MS Windows support for selection is now much more robust.
311 Generally selection should now do what you would expect under
312 MS Windows: the middle mouse button will paste your current selection
313 or the clipboard; conversions from different types of selection to the
314 clipboard can be made; the kill-ring and friends will be updated as
317 The only thing selection doesn't do is set the clipboard automatically
318 as this would break the MS Windows model. If you want this behavior
319 then set `selection-sets-clipboard' to t.
321 *** Motif selection support is now more correct (but slower).
323 Changes have been made to allow correct operation of cut/copy/paste
324 operations between native widgets and XEmacs buffers. However, this
325 can lead to a lot of X traffic which slows down the performance of
326 `C-k'. If you want the old behaviour then set
327 `x-selection-strict-motif-ownership' to nil.
329 ** Mail spool locking now works correctly.
331 XEmacs has always come with a little auxiliary program, movemail,
332 which moves mail out of the system's spool area into user storage. To
333 coordinate between XEmacs, the mail delivery agent, and other mail
334 user agents, movemail needs to properly lock the spool file before
335 moving it. Movemail now correctly respects the --mail-locking option
336 to configure. Moreover, movemail's locking behavior can be specified
337 at run-time, via a new command-line option -m to movemail, or through
338 the environment variable EMACSLOCKMETHOD.
340 When installing XEmacs, make sure you configure it according to your
341 environment's mail spool locking conventions. When you're using a
342 binary kit, set the `mail-lock-method' variable at startup, or the
343 EMACSLOCKMETHOD environment variable.
345 ** International support changes.
347 *** The default coding-priority-list is now safer.
349 This means that if you have no language environment set, Mule no
350 longer automatically recognizes ISO 2022 escapes in your files. This
351 makes editing binary files safe.
353 *** International keysyms are now supported under X.
355 This means that XEmacs running under Mule will automatically recognize
356 the keysym `scaron' to be the lower-case `s' with caron in the Latin 2
357 character set. (Specifically, it will bind the keysym to
358 `self-insert' and augment its `ascii-character' property.) This is
359 very useful with XFree under European locales as shipped by recent
360 Linux distributions. If XEmacs is compiled without Mule support, the
361 feature still works, but it is unaware of different character sets --
362 it unconditionally sets the `ascii-character' property to values in
363 the [160, 256) range.
365 *** MS Windows 1251 code page now supported.
367 It's available as coding system `windows-1251'.
369 *** Czech, Thai, Cyrillic-KOI8, Vietnamese, Ethiopic now supported.
371 *** Proper support for words in Latin 3 and Latin 4.
373 The appropriate characters in Latin 3 and Latin 4 character sets are
374 correctly defined as words.
376 ** Help buffers contain hyperlinks, and other changes.
378 The help buffers created by C-h commands now contain hyperlinks to
379 other commands, functions and variables mentioned in the documentation.
380 Use button2 to follow a link. Use button3 to bring up a context menu
381 that lets you follow the link, find the source for the item, do a tag
382 search, etc. The buffers are also syntax-highlighted.
384 Help functions (e.g. `C-h f') now know how to print macro argument
385 lists. If your macro definition included an argument list for the sake
386 of help output, you no longer need to do that.
388 ** The modeline's text is now scrollable.
390 This is controlled by the variable `modeline-scrolling-method', which
391 you need to set to a non-nil value. You can also choose scrolling
392 types; see the docstring of `modeline-scrolling-method' for more
395 ** The mouse wheel under MS Windows now functions correctly.
397 It scrolls the XEmacs window under the pointer, not the selected
400 ** Interactive searching and matching case improvements.
402 *** Incremental search will now highlight all visible matches.
404 This makes it easier to anticipate where consecutive C-s or C-r will
405 place the point. If you want to disable the feature, set
406 `isearch-highlight-all-matches' to nil.
408 *** Interactive searches always respect uppercase characters.
410 Case sensitiveness in searching operations is normally controlled
411 by the variable `case-fold-search' (if non-nil, case is ignored while
412 searching). This mechanism has now been slightly improved for
413 interactive searches: if the search string (or regexp) contains
414 uppercase characters, the searching is forced to be case-sensitive,
417 The new behavior affects all functions performing interactive
418 searches, like `zap-to-char', `list-matching-lines', `tags-search'
419 etc. The incremental search facility has always behaved that way.
421 ** Rectangle functions rewritten to avoid inserting extra spaces.
423 The rectangle functions have been almost completely rewritten in
424 order to avoid inserting undesirable spaces, notably at the end of
425 lines. Two typical examples of the old behavior were
426 `string-rectangle', which filled all lines up to the right side of the
427 rectangle, and `clear-rectangle', which filled even empty lines up to
428 the left side. All functions have been rewritten to avoid inserting
429 unwanted spaces, and an optional prefix now allows them to behave the
432 Also, the behavior of `string-rectangle' is now compliant with
433 `pending-delete-mode': if this mode is active, then the string
434 replaces the region rectangle. Otherwise, the command does not delete
435 or overwrite any existing text. For those who want that feature but do
436 not use pending-delete-mode, a new function, `replace-rectangle', is
439 As a side effect, the FORCE argument to `move-to-column' now
440 understands the special value `coerce', which means that the line
441 should not be filled if it is too short to reach the desired column.
443 ** New command `kill-entire-line' that always kills the entire line.
445 This kills the entire line at point, regardless of whether the point
446 is at the beginning of line, and regardless of the setting of
449 ** Default values correctly stored in minibuffer histories.
451 When you press RET at a minibuffer prompt that provides a default
452 value, the value is stored in history instead of an empty line. Also,
453 you can now edit the default value by pressing the down arrow,
454 accessing the logical "future" value. Not all minibuffer prompts have
455 yet been converted to support this feature.
457 ** You can now create "indirect buffers", like in GNU Emacs.
459 An indirect buffer shares its text with another buffer ("base
460 buffer"), but has its own major mode, local variables, extents, and
461 narrowing. An indirect buffer has a name of its own, distinct from
462 those of the base buffer and all other buffers. An indirect buffer
463 cannot itself be visiting a file (though its base buffer can be).
464 The base buffer cannot itself be indirect.
466 Use (make-indirect-buffer BASE-BUFFER NAME) to make an indirect buffer
467 named NAME whose base is BASE-BUFFER. If BASE-BUFFER is itself an
468 indirect buffer, its base buffer is used as the base for the new
471 You can make an indirect buffer current, or switch to it in a window,
472 just as you would a non-indirect buffer.
474 The function `buffer-base-buffer' returns a buffer's base buffer or
475 nil, if given an ordinary (non-indirect) buffer. The function
476 `buffer-indirect-children' returns a list of the indirect children of
479 ** Pixel-based scrolling has been implemented.
480 By default this will attempt to scroll in increments equal to the
481 height of the default face. Set `window-pixel-scroll-increment' to
482 modify this behavior.
484 ** Operation progress can be displayed using graphical widgets.
485 See `progress-feedback' for details. This support has been switched
486 on by default for font-lock and some web browsing functions. If you
487 do not like this behavior, set `progress-feedback-use-echo-area' to
490 ** User names following a tilde can now be completed at file name prompts.
491 e.g. `C-x C-f ~hni<TAB>' will complete to `~hniksic/'. To make this
492 operation faster, a cache of user names is maintained internally.
494 The new primitives available for this purpose are functions named
495 `user-name-completion' and `user-name-all-completions'.
497 ** XEmacs can now play sound using Enlightenment Sound Daemon (ESD).
498 It will try NAS first, then ESD, then playing native sound directly.
500 ** X-Face support is now available under MS Windows.
501 If an X-Face library built under MS Windows is available then XEmacs
502 will use this at build time.
504 ** The PostgreSQL Relational Database Management System is now supported.
505 It is now possible to build XEmacs so that the programming interface
506 to the PostgreSQL RDBMS (libpq) is available in XEmacs Lisp.
507 Supported versions of PostgreSQL are 6.5.3 (earlier versions may work,
508 but have not been tested) and 7.0-beta1.
510 ** Indentation no longer indents comments that begin at column zero.
511 This makes it easy to deal with commented out regions of code.
513 ** Face and variable settings can have comments in Customize.
514 Customize now supports adding comments about your face and variable
515 settings using a new menu entry. Comments for variables can also be
516 assigned by calling `customize-set-(value|variable)' with a prefix
519 ** New locations for early package hierarchies.
520 XEmacs now locates the early package hierarchies at
521 ~/.xemacs/mule-packages/ and ~/.xemacs/xemacs-packages/. Previously,
522 the early packages were located in ~/.xemacs/.
524 ** The `auto-save' library has been greatly improved.
525 (This lets you group all your auto-save files into one directory, and
526 is provided standardly with XEmacs. See `etc/sample.init.el',
527 available on the Help menu, for more info on how to set it up.)
528 Specifically, it now works under MS Windows, and it uses a completely
529 reversible encoding (basically quoted-printable), so that all
530 filenames (as well as non-filename buffers) are successfully handled
531 regardless of any special characters in their names.
533 ** New variable `mswindows-alt-by-itself-activates-menu'.
534 If you set this variable to nil then pressing and releasing the Alt
535 key under MS Windows will no longer activate the menubar. The default
536 is t. This is not to be confused with `menu-accelerator-enabled',
537 which enables the use of Alt+<Letter> accelerators to invoke the
540 ** Other init-file-related changes.
542 *** Init file in your home directory may be called `.emacs.el'.
544 Like in GNU Emacs 20.4 and on, you can now name the XEmacs init file
545 located in your home directory `.emacs.el'. Formerly the name had to
546 be `.emacs'. If you use the name `.emacs.el', you can byte-compile
547 the file in the usual way.
549 If both `.emacs' and `.emacs.el' exist, the latter file is the one
552 *** New command-line switches -user-init-file and -user-init-directory.
554 These can be used to specify alternate locations for what is normally
555 ~/.emacs and ~/.xemacs.
557 Moreover, the `-user <user>' command-line option (which used to only
558 work in unpredictable ways) is now equivalent to `-user-init-file
559 ~<user>/.xemacs/init.el -user-init-directory ~<user>/.xemacs', or
560 `-user-init-file ~<user>/.emacs -user-init-directory ~<user>/.xemacs',
561 whichever init file comes first.
565 *** In DOS, etags looks for file.cgz if it cannot find file.c.
567 *** New option --ignore-case-regex is an alternative to --regex.
568 It is now possible to bind a regexp to a language, by prepending the
569 regexp with {lang}, where lang is one of the languages that `etags
570 --help' prints out. This feature is useful especially for regex
571 files, where each line contains a regular expression. The manual
574 *** New option --declarations, for C-type languages.
575 In C and derived languages, etags creates tags for function
576 declarations when given the --declarations option.
578 *** In C++, tags are created for "operator".
579 The tags have the form "operator+", without spaces between the
580 keyword and the operator.
582 *** Ada now supported.
583 Tags are functions, procedures, packages, tasks, and types.
585 *** In Fortran, procedure is no longer tagged.
587 *** In Java, tags are created for "interface".
589 *** In Lisp, def-type constructs are now tagged.
590 This includes "(defstruct (foo", "(defun (operator" and similar constructs.
592 *** In Perl, the --globals option tags global variables.
593 my and local variables are tagged.
595 *** Python now supported.
596 def and class at the beginning of a line are tags.
598 *** New file extensions recognized: .ss, .pdb, .psw.
599 .ss files are Scheme files, .pdb is Postscript with C syntax, .psw is
603 * Lisp and internal changes in XEmacs 21.4
604 ==========================================
606 ** A new portable dumper is available for beta testing.
608 Olivier Galibert has written a portable dumper for XEmacs, based on
609 initial work by Kyle Jones. To perform even the most basic editor,
610 XEmacs requires some amount of Lisp code to be loaded. To avoid
611 repeating the expensive loading process at every startup, XEmacs is
612 built in a special way. Its C sources link into an executable called
613 `temacs', which loads the bootstrap Lisp code and uses a special
614 "unexec" call to dump the resulting memory image into a proper
615 `xemacs' executable on disk. The unexec() process is hard to
616 implement correctly and makes XEmacs very hard to port to new
617 operating systems, or even to new releases of old systems.
619 The new portable dumper uses a different approach to dumping: instead
620 of dumping full-fledged executable, it only dumps out the initialized
621 data structures (both Lisp and C) into an external file. A normally
622 running XEmacs only needs to mmap that file and relocate a bit to get
623 to the initialized data. In that scheme, there is no difference
624 between `temacs' and `xemacs'.
626 Unfortunately, the portable dumper has not been completely finished
627 for this release, and will not be used by default. However, if you
628 wish to experiment with it, or if you need to compile XEmacs on a new
629 and unsupported platform, you can test it by configuring XEmacs with
632 ** Much effort has been invested to make XEmacs Lisp faster:
634 *** Many basic lisp operations are now faster.
635 This is especially the case when running a Mule-enabled XEmacs.
637 A general overhaul of the lisp engine should produce a speedup of 1.4
638 in a non-Mule XEmacs, and 2.1 in a Mule XEmacs. These numbers were
639 obtained running `(byte-compile "simple.el")', which should be a
640 pretty typical test of "pure" Lisp.
642 *** Lisp hash tables have been re-implemented. The Common Lisp style
643 hash table interface has been made standard, and moved from cl.el into
644 fast C code (See the section on hash tables in the XEmacs Lisp
645 Reference). A speedup factor of 3 can be expected with code that
646 makes intensive use of hash tables.
648 *** The garbage collector has been tuned, leading to a speedup of
651 *** The byte-compiler and the byte-optimizer have been tuned to
652 produce better code in many small ways.
654 *** The family of functions that iterate over lists, like `memq', and
655 `rassq', have been made a little faster (typically 1.3).
657 *** Lisp function calls are faster, by approximately a factor of two.
658 However, defining inline functions (via defsubst) still makes sense
661 *** Finally, a few functions have had dramatic performance
662 improvements. For example, `(last long-list)' is now 30 times faster.
664 Of course, your mileage will vary.
666 Many operations do not see any improvement. Surprisingly, running
667 (font-lock-fontify-buffer) does not use the Lisp engine much at all.
668 Speeding up your favorite slow operation is an excellent project to
669 improve XEmacs. Don't forget to profile!
671 ** Native widgets can be displayed in buffers.
673 The glyph system has been extended to allow the display of glyphs that
674 are implemented as native window-system widgets. Thus you can embed
675 buttons, scrollbars, combo boxes, edit fields and progress gauges in a
676 buffer. As a side effect subwindow support now works once again.
678 All of this is still fairly experimental and there is no
679 documentation. The current APIs might change in a future version of
680 XEmacs. Some widgets are only available under MS Windows. See the
681 file glyphs-test.el in the XEmacs src distribution for examples of
684 The buffers-tab functionality and progress gauge have been implemented
687 ** Case translation now supports international characters.
689 *** Instead of being lists of 256-character strings, case tables are
690 now opaque objects. The interface to access them is almost the same,
691 except it now works for international characters, and you can set the
692 case pairs using `put-case-table-pair'. `set-case-table' and friends
693 still support the old list/string based interface for backward
696 *** As a consequence of this change, functions `downcase' and `upcase'
697 as well as all the case-transformation commands now work with
698 non-ASCII characters. Built-in tables cover all the Latin character
699 sets that we support. If your language has a distinction between
700 upper and lower case that is not handled by XEmacs/Mule, please let us
703 *** The code that implements case-insensitive search has been modified
704 to respect the case table settings. This also applies to regexp
707 ** Syntax tables may now be specified for a part of a buffer by
708 attaching the `syntax-table' property to an extent. For compatibility
709 with GNU Emacs, you may use the text-property interface to achieve the
712 ** Values of variables `user-init-file' and `user-init-directory' are
713 now absolute file/directory names. Previously, both variables used to
714 be relative to `(concat "~" init-file-user)'. This turned out to be
715 too complicated for most packages (and some core Lisp files) to use
716 correctly. Also, the `init-file-user' variable has been obsoleted in
719 The user-visible options like `-u' have not changed their behavior.
721 ** XEmacs finally has an automated test suite!
722 Although this is not yet very sophisticated, it is already responsible
723 for several important bug fixes in XEmacs. To try it out, simply use
724 the makefile target `make check' after building XEmacs.
726 ** Hash tables have been reimplemented.
727 As was pointed out above, the standard interface to hash tables is now
728 the Common Lisp interface, as described in Common Lisp, the Language
729 (CLtL2, by Steele). The older interface (functions with names
730 containing the phrase `hashtable') will continue to work, but the
731 preferred interface now has names containing the phrase `hash-table'.
733 Here's the executive overview: create hash tables using
734 make-hash-table, and use gethash, puthash, remhash, maphash and
735 clrhash to manipulate entries in the hash table. See the (updated)
736 Lisp Reference Manual for details.
738 ** Lisp code handles circular lists much more robustly.
739 Many basic lisp functions used to loop forever when given a circular
740 list, expecting you to C-g (quit) out of the loop. Now this is more
741 likely to trigger a `circular-list' error. Printing a circular list
742 now results in something like this:
744 (let ((x (cons 'foo 'foo)))
747 => (foo ... <circular list>)
749 An extra bonus is that checking for circularities is not just
750 friendlier, but actually faster than checking for C-g.
752 ** Functions for decoding base64 encoding are now available; see
753 `base64-encode-region', `base64-encode-string', `base64-decode-region'
754 and `base64-decode-string'.
756 ** The functions `read-string', `read-expression', `eval-minibuffer',
757 `read-variable', `read-command', `read-function', `read-number',
758 `read-shell-command', `read-from-minibuffer', and `completing-read'
759 now take an additional argument which specifies the default value. If
760 this argument is non-nil, it should be a string; that string is used
763 * It is returned if the user enters empty input.
764 * It is available as the logical "future" entry, by pressing the down
769 *** The LDAP interface now consists of two layers, a low-level layer
770 that closely matches the LDAP C API, and a more convenient
771 higher-level set of functions.
773 *** The low-level functions that used to be named *-internal are now
774 named more simply: `ldap-open', `ldap-close', `ldap-search-basic',
775 `ldap-add', and `ldap-modify'. They should be used directly for very
776 specific purposes (such as multiple operations on a connection) only.
778 *** The higher-level functions provide a more convenient way to access
779 LDAP directories hiding the subtleties of handling the connection,
780 translating arguments and ensuring compliance with LDAP
781 internationalization rules and formats (currently partly implemented
782 only.) This layer provides atomic operations for searches,
783 modification, addition and deletion of multiple entries at once:
784 `ldap-search-entries', `ldap-add-entries', `ldap-delete-entries', and
785 `ldap-modify-entries'.
787 *** To maintain compatibility with previous code, the now obsolete
788 function `ldap-search' is now merely a wrapper that calls either
789 `ldap-search-basic' or `ldap-search-entries'. Please don't use the
790 `ldap-search' function in your new programs -- a direct call to one of
791 the two replacements is more efficient and unambiguous.
793 ** The arguments to `locate-file' are now more Lisp-like. As before,
796 (locate-file FILENAME PATH-LIST &optional SUFFIXES MODE)
798 Except that SUFFIXES are now a list of strings instead of a single,
799 colon-separated string. MODE is now a symbol or a list of symbols
800 (symbols `exists', `executable', `writable', and `readable' are
801 supported) instead of an integer code. See the documentation for
802 details. Of course, the old form is still accepted for backward
805 Several bugs in locate-file have been fixed, most notably its failure
806 to call expand-file-name on elements of PATH-LIST. Because of that
807 elements of load-path of the form "~/..." used to not work.
808 locate-file is now guaranteed to expand files during its course of
811 ** `translate-region' has been improved in several ways. Its TABLE
812 argument used to be a 256-character string. In addition to this, it
813 can now also be a vector or a char-table, which makes the function
814 useful for Mule, which it wasn't. If TABLE is a vector or a generic
815 char-table, you can map characters to strings instead of to other
816 characters. For instance:
818 (let ((table (make-char-table 'generic)))
819 (put-char-table ?a "the letter a" table)
820 (put-char-table ?b "" table)
821 (put-char-table ?c ?\n table)
822 (translate-region (point-min) (point-max) table))
824 ** The new form `ignore-file-errors', similar to `ignore-errors' may
825 be used as a short-hand for condition-case when you wish to ignore
826 file-related error. For example:
828 (ignore-file-errors (delete-file "foo"))
830 ** The first argument to `intern-soft' may now also be a symbol, like
831 with `unintern'. If given a symbol, `intern-soft' will look for that
832 exact symbol rather than for any string. This is useful when you want
833 to check whether a specific symbol is interned in an obarray, e.g.:
838 (intern-soft (make-symbol "foo"))
841 ** The `keywordp' function now returns non-nil only on symbols
842 interned in the global obarray. For example:
844 (keywordp (intern ":foo" [0]))
846 (keywordp (intern ":foo")) ; The same as (keywordp :foo)
849 This behavior is compatible with other code which treats symbols
850 beginning with colon as keywords only if they are interned in the
851 global obarray. `keywordp' used to wrongly return t in both above
854 ** The function `replace-in-string' has been rewritten to use
855 `replace-match'. This not only makes it much faster, but adds all the
856 features of `replace-match'.
858 ** New variables `this-command-properties' and
859 `last-command-properties' are now available for communication between
860 consecutive commands. Commands should use these to communicate with
861 the pre/post-command hooks, subsequent commands, wrapping commands,
862 etc. in preference to looking at and/or setting `this-command'.
864 ** New functions `add-one-shot-hook' and `add-local-one-shot-hook' make
865 it possible to add a "one-shot" hook, which is to say a hook that runs
866 only once, and automatically removes itself after the first time it
869 ** The descriptor that specifies the text of a menu item can now be an
870 evaluated expression. This makes it parallel with other descriptors,
871 which can also be expressions.
874 * Changes in XEmacs 21.0
875 ========================
877 ** XEmacs has been unbundled into constituent installable packages.
878 See the Info documentation under "Packages" for more information.
879 See the file `etc/PACKAGES' in the distribution for a partial list of
880 packages available at the time of the 21.0 release.
882 ** XEmacs is now supported under Microsoft Windows 95/98 and Windows
883 NT operating systems. For starters, look at the XEmacs on Windows FAQ
884 at <URL:http://jagor.srce.hr/~hniksic/xemacs-on-windows-faq.txt>. To
885 discuss Windows-specific issues, subscribe to the mailing list at
886 <xemacs-nt-request@xemacs.org>.
888 ** XEmacs will now use `XEmacs' as its application class if it finds
889 any `XEmacs' resources in the resource database. Otherwise, it will
890 continue to use the `Emacs' class.
892 ** The options menu has been ported to Custom.
893 This means that each entry in the options menu acts as if you had customized
894 the corresponding variable by hand. ### WARNING: there is currently no
895 upgrading function to help you port your old options settings to the new
896 format. Consequently, if you want to modify the options for XEmacs 21, you
897 will have to set them all again through the menu, and remove the code loading
898 .xemacs-options from your .emacs.
900 ** When the Zmacs region is active, `M-x query-replace' and the other
901 replace commands now operate on the region contents only.
903 ** XEmacs now is able to choose X visuals and use private colormaps.
904 The '-visual <visualStr>' command line option or the '.EmacsVisual'
905 Xresource controls which visual XEmacs will use, and
906 '-privateColormap' or '.privateColormap' will force XEmacs to create a
907 private colormap for use. The syntax for the visual string is
908 "<visual><bitdepth>" where <visual> is one of 'StaticColor',
909 'TrueColor', 'GrayScale', 'PseudoColor' or 'DirectColor' and
910 <bitdepth> is the appropriate number of bits per pixel. If an invalid
911 or non-supported combination is entered, XEmacs attempts to find a happy
912 medium. The X creation mechanism will then determine if it needs to
913 create a colormap for use, or the presence of the private flags will
914 force it to create it.
916 ** The `imenu' package has been ported to XEmacs and is available as a
919 ** `echo-keystrokes' can now be a floating-point number, so that you
920 can set it to intervals shorter than one second.
922 (setq echo-keystrokes 0.1)
924 ** The new command `center-to-window-line' works like `recenter'
925 (bound to `C-l'), only it does not redisplay the whole display area.
927 ** The M-. command will now first search through exact tags matches,
928 and then through inexact matches, as one would expect.
930 ** The new variable `user-full-name' can be used to customize one's
931 name when using the Emacs mail and news reading facilities.
933 Normally, `user-full-name' is a function that returns the full name of
934 a user or UID, as specified by the system -- for instance,
935 (user-full-name "root") returns something like "Super-User". However,
936 when the function is called without arguments, it will return the
937 value of the `user-full-name' variable. The `user-full-name' variable
938 is initialized using the environment variable NAME and (failing that)
939 the user's system name.
941 The behavior of the `user-full-name' function with an argument
942 specified is unchanged.
944 ** The new command `M-x customize-changed-options' lets you customize
945 all the options whose default values have changed in recent Emacs
946 versions. You specify a previous Emacs version number as argument,
947 and the command creates a customization buffer showing all the
948 customizable options whose default values were changed since that
951 If you don't specify a particular version number argument, then the
952 customization buffer shows all the customizable options for which
953 Emacs versions of changes are recorded.
955 ** The new command `add-log-convert' can be used to convert the
956 old-style (pre-20.3) ChangeLog buffers to new style, for
957 consistency. A reminder: if you wish to revert to old-style
958 ChangeLogs instead, customize the value of `add-log-time-format'
961 ** The new command `zap-up-to-char' is now available. It is similar
962 to `zap-to-char', except that it does not delete the searched-for
963 character. It is not bound to a key by default.
965 ** You can now store a number into a register with `C-u NUMBER C-x r n'
966 REG, increment it by INC with `C-u INC C-x r + REG' (to increment by
967 one, omit C-u INC), and insert it in the buffer with `C-x r g REG'.
968 This is useful for writing keyboard macros.
970 ** The M-: command, when given a prefix argument, will now insert its
971 result to the current buffer.
973 ** The `C-h c' command, when given a prefix argument, will now insert
974 the message into the current buffer.
976 ** Horizontally split windows may now be dragged using the mouse.
977 Because of this, the dividers between vertical windows are always
978 visible. To turn it off, set `vertical-divider-always-visible-p' to
981 ** XEmacs/Mule (internationalization) changes.
983 *** Mule support now works on TTY's. Use `set-terminal-coding-system'
984 and `set-keyboard-coding-system' to specify the coding system of your
985 display and keyboard.
987 *** Egg/SJ3 input method is now officially supported. Quail and
988 Egg/Skk have been available through the generalized Leim since 20.3.
990 *** Localized Japanese menubars are available if XEmacs is built with
991 XFONTSET and either the X11 libraries are built with X_LOCALE defined
992 or the native C libraries support Japanese localization. This has
993 been available since 20.3, only it hasn't been announced before.
995 ** Jamie Zawinski's `gdb-highlight' extension is now distributed with
996 the `debug' package. gdb-highlight makes most objects printed in a
997 gdb buffer be mouse-sensitive: as text shows up in the buffer, it is
998 parsed, and objects which are recognized have context-sensitive
999 commands attached to them. To use it, add the following to `.emacs':
1001 (add-hook 'gdb-mode-hook (lambda () (require 'gdb-highlight)))
1003 ** The package popper.el is now included in the edit-utils package.
1004 It has been greatly enhanced with respect to the one once included
1005 with the ilisp package and should work well under XEmacs 21.0.
1009 *** Like the old 'gnudoit' program. Gnuclient -batch now can read from stdin.
1011 *** Gnuclient -batch no longer breaks off the output at the first LF.
1015 *** Multiline macros are now handled, both as they affect indentation,
1016 and as recognized syntax. New syntactic symbol cpp-macro-cont is
1017 assigned to second and subsequent lines of a multiline macro
1020 *** A new style "user" which captures all non-hook-ified
1021 (i.e. top-level) .emacs file variable setings and customizations.
1022 Style "cc-mode" is an alias for "user" and is deprecated. "gnu" style
1023 is still the default however.
1025 *** "java" style now conforms to Sun's JDK coding style.
1027 *** There are new commands c-beginning-of-defun, c-end-of-defun which
1028 are alternatives which you could bind to C-M-a and C-M-e if you prefer
1029 them. They do not have key bindings by default.
1031 *** New and improved implementations of M-a (c-beginning-of-statement)
1032 and M-e (c-end-of-statement).
1034 *** C++ namespace blocks are supported, with new syntactic symbols
1035 namespace-open, namespace-close, and innamespace.
1037 *** File local variable settings of c-file-style and c-file-offsets
1038 makes the style variables local to that buffer only.
1040 *** New indentation functions c-lineup-close-paren,
1041 c-indent-one-line-block, c-lineup-dont-change.
1043 *** Improvements (hopefully!) to the way CC Mode is loaded. You
1044 should now be able to do a (require 'cc-mode) to get the entire
1045 package loaded properly for customization in your .emacs file. A new
1046 variable c-initialize-on-load controls this and is t by default.
1048 ** In Text mode, now only blank lines separate paragraphs.
1049 This makes it possible to get the full benefit of Adaptive Fill mode
1050 in Text mode, and other modes derived from it (such as Mail mode).
1051 TAB in Text mode now runs the command indent-relative; this makes a
1052 practical difference only when you use indented paragraphs.
1054 As a result, the old Indented Text mode is now identical to Text mode,
1055 and is an alias for it.
1057 If you want spaces at the beginning of a line to start a paragraph,
1058 use the new mode, Paragraph Indent Text mode.
1060 ** Changes to Gnus, the XEmacs newsreader.
1062 *** New functionality for using Gnus as an offline newsreader has been
1063 added. A plethora of new commands and modes have been added. See the
1064 Gnus manual for the full story.
1066 *** The nndraft backend has returned, but works differently than
1067 before. All Message buffers are now also articles in the nndraft
1068 group, which is created automatically.
1070 *** `gnus-alter-header-function' can now be used to alter header
1073 *** `gnus-summary-goto-article' now accept Message-ID's.
1075 *** A new Message command for deleting text in the body of a message
1076 outside the region: `C-c C-v'.
1078 *** You can now post to component group in nnvirtual groups with
1081 *** `nntp-rlogin-program' -- new variable to ease customization.
1083 *** `C-u C-c C-c' in `gnus-article-edit-mode' will now inhibit
1084 re-highlighting of the article buffer.
1086 *** New element in `gnus-boring-article-headers' -- `long-to'.
1088 *** `M-i' symbolic prefix command. See the section "Symbolic
1089 Prefixes" in the Gnus manual for details.
1091 *** `L' and `I' in the summary buffer now take the symbolic prefix
1092 `a' to add the score rule to the "all.SCORE" file.
1094 *** `gnus-simplify-subject-functions' variable to allow greater
1095 control over simplification.
1097 *** `A T' -- new command for fetching the current thread.
1099 *** `/ T' -- new command for including the current thread in the
1102 *** `M-RET' is a new Message command for breaking cited text.
1104 *** \\1-expressions are now valid in `nnmail-split-methods'.
1106 *** The `custom-face-lookup' function has been removed.
1107 If you used this function in your initialization files, you must
1108 rewrite them to use `face-spec-set' instead.
1110 *** Cancelling now uses the current select method. Symbolic prefix
1111 `a' forces normal posting method.
1113 *** New command to translate M******** sm*rtq**t*s into proper text
1116 *** For easier debugging of nntp, you can set `nntp-record-commands'
1119 *** nntp now uses ~/.authinfo, a .netrc-like file, for controlling
1120 where and how to send AUTHINFO to NNTP servers.
1122 *** A command for editing group parameters from the summary buffer
1125 *** A history of where mails have been split is available.
1127 *** A new article date command has been added -- `article-date-iso8601'.
1129 *** Subjects can be simplified when threading by setting
1130 `gnus-score-thread-simplify'.
1132 *** A new function for citing in Message has been added --
1133 `message-cite-original-without-signature'.
1135 *** `article-strip-all-blank-lines' -- new article command.
1137 *** A new Message command to kill to the end of the article has
1140 *** A minimum adaptive score can be specified by using the
1141 `gnus-adaptive-word-minimum' variable.
1143 *** The "lapsed date" article header can be kept continually
1144 updated by the `gnus-start-date-timer' command.
1146 *** Web listserv archives can be read with the nnlistserv backend.
1148 *** Old dejanews archives can now be read by nnweb.
1150 *** Byte-compilation of user-specs now works under XEmacs.
1152 ** The `dir' files are no longer essential for functioning of the Info
1153 subsystem. If the `dir' file does not exist in an Info directory, the
1154 relevant information will be generated on-the-fly.
1156 This behavior can be customized, look for `Info-auto-generate-directory'
1157 and `Info-save-auto-generated-dir' in the `info' customization group.
1160 * Lisp and internal changes in XEmacs 21.0
1161 ==========================================
1163 ** It is now possible to build XEmacs with support for 31-bit Lisp
1164 integers (normally, Lisp integers are only 28 bits wide on 32-bit
1165 machines.) Configure with --use-minimal-tagbits to test. With this
1166 change, the maximum buffer size on 32-bit machines is increased from
1167 128M to 1G. This setting will be made default in a future XEmacs
1170 ** Specifier changes.
1172 *** When instantiating a specifier, the window locale now has a higher
1173 precedence than the buffer locale. This is because the window locale
1174 is more specific than the buffer locale.
1176 *** The new macro `let-specifier' can be used to temporarily add
1177 specifications to specifiers. See the documentation for details.
1179 *** The new specifiers `vertical-scrollbar-visible-p' and
1180 `horizontal-scrollbar-visible-p' may be used to control scrollbar
1181 visibility. Previously, the only way to remove a scrollbar was to set
1182 its size to 0. This method is still supported for backward
1185 *** The new specifiers `scrollbar-on-left-p' and `scrollbar-on-top-p'
1186 may be used to control the position of the vertical and horizontal
1187 toolbar. Previously, their position could be changed only through the
1190 *** The new draggable vertical dividers between windows may be turned
1191 off using the `vertical-divider-always-visible-p' specifier. When
1192 this is set to nil, the vertical dividers between windows are shown
1193 only when needed, and they are not draggable.
1195 Other properties of the vertical dividers may be controlled using
1196 `vertical-divider-shadow-thickness', `vertical-divider-line-width' and
1197 `vertical-divider-spacing' specifiers, which see.
1199 ** Frame focus management changes.
1201 *** When the variable focus-follows-mouse is non-nil, `select-frame'
1202 no longer permanently selects a different frame. The frame selection
1203 is temporary and is reverted when the current command terminates, much
1204 like the buffer selected by `set-buffer'. This is the same as in FSF
1207 *** The new function `focus-frame' sets the window system focus to
1208 FRAME (and selects it), regardless of the value of
1209 `focus-follows-mouse'. Doing this is not well behaved, so be
1210 absolutely sure that you want this.
1212 The code that uses `select-frame' only to get the window manager focus
1213 should be changed to use `set-frame-focus' instead, so that they keep
1214 working when `focus-follows-mouse' is non-nil.
1216 *** The special forms `save-selected-frame' and `with-selected-frame'
1217 can now be used to temporarily change selected frame.
1219 *** The behavior of `other-frame' command (`C-x 5 o') is unaffected by
1222 ** The function `select-window' now has an optional second argument
1223 NORECORD which if non-nil inhibits the recording of a buffer change.
1225 ** The function `vertical-motion' now correctly handles the second,
1226 optional WINDOW argument. A new third argument PIXELS, if non-nil,
1227 indicates that the returned motion should be in pixels.
1229 ** The new function `vertical-motion-pixels' is similar to
1230 vertical-motion but takes as input a vertical motion in pixels.
1232 ** The new functions window-text-area-pixel-{width,height,edges} can
1233 be used to obtain information about the text-displaying area of a
1236 ** The new functions `shrink-window-pixels' and `enlarge-window-pixels'
1237 can be used to adjust the size of a window by a pixel amount.
1239 ** The new function `window-displayed-text-pixel-height' can be used
1240 to determine the height of the text actually displayed in a window.
1242 ** The arithmetic comparison functions <, >, =, /= now accept a
1243 variable number of arguments.
1245 This means that if you want to test whether A < B < C, you can write
1246 it as (< A B C) instead of (and (< A B) (< B C)). Likewise,
1247 (apply #'> LIST) now tests if LIST is monotonously increasing -- and
1250 ** The XEmacs hashtables now have a consistent read/print syntax.
1251 This means that a hashtable will be readably printed in a
1252 structure-like form:
1254 #s(hashtable size 2 data (key1 value1 key2 value2))
1256 When XEmacs reads this form, it will create a new hashtable according
1257 to description. This allows you to easily dump hashtables to files
1258 using `prin1', and read them back in using `read'.
1260 If `print-readably' is non-nil, a more relaxed syntax is used; for
1263 #<hashtable size 2/13 data (key1 value1 key2 value2) 0x874d>
1265 ** It is now possible to build XEmacs with LDAP support.
1266 You will need to install a LDAP library first. The following have
1268 - LDAP 3.3 from the University of Michigan
1269 (get it from <URL:http://www.umich.edu/~dirsvcs/ldap/>)
1270 - OpenLDAP 1.0.3 from the OpenLDAP Foundation
1271 (get it from <URL:http://www.openldap.org/>)
1272 - LDAP SDK 1.0 from Netscape Corp.
1273 (get it from <URL:http://developer.netscape.com/>)
1275 ** When profiling is in effect, a call-count of all recorded functions
1276 is now calculated. This information is stored in
1277 `call-count-profile-table', and is utilized by `profile-results' as
1278 well as the new command `profile-call-count-results'.
1280 ** It is now an error to change the value of a symbol whose name
1281 starts with a colon, if it is interned in the standard obarray.
1283 However, setting such a symbol to its proper value, which is that
1284 symbol itself, is not an error. This is for the sake of programs that
1285 support pre-19.12 XEmacs and pre-20 GNU Emacs by explicitly setting
1286 these variables to themselves.
1288 ** The `concat' function no longer accepts integer arguments.
1290 ** The new function `string' concatenates all its argument characters
1291 and returns the resulting string. This is consistent with other
1292 functions, like `list', `vector', etc.
1294 ** The function `temp-directory' is now available to return the
1295 directory to store temporary files. On Unix this will be obtained
1296 from TMPDIR, defaulting to `/tmp'.
1298 ** The function load-average now accepts an optional argument
1299 USE-FLOATS. If it is non-nil, the load average values are returned as
1300 floating point numbers, rather than as integers to be divided by 100.
1302 ** The `make-event' function now supports the TYPE and PLIST
1303 arguments, which can be used to create various events from Lisp. See
1304 the documentation for details.
1306 ** `function-interactive' is a new function that returns the
1307 interactive specification of a funcallable object.
1309 ** The new `lmessage' function allows printing of a formatted message
1310 with a particular label.
1312 (lmessage 'progress "Processing... %d" counter)
1314 This function is more convenient than `display-message' because it
1315 automatically applies `format' to its arguments.
1317 ** The new `lwarn' function, analogous to `lmessage', allows printing
1318 a formatted warning, with a non-default CLASS or LABEL.
1320 ** The new function `split-path' can now be used to explode the
1321 components of a colon-separated search path into a list.
1323 (split-path "foo:bar")
1326 ** Specifiers and symbols whose value is a specifier are now allowed
1327 as modeline specifications.
1329 ** defcustom now accepts the keyword `:version'. Use this to specify
1330 in which version of Emacs a certain variable's default value changed.
1333 (defcustom foo-max 34 "*Maximum number of foo's allowed."
1338 This information is used to control the customize-changed-options
1341 ** The line number tracking in modeline is now efficient, even for
1342 very large buffers. This is achieved by caching the line numbers of
1343 recent buffer positions, and reusing them. This cache is used only in
1344 the buffers where `line-number-mode' is in effect.
1346 ** When the new GNU Malloc aka Doug Lea Malloc is available, it will
1347 be used. This should result in better performance on Linux systems
1350 ** The code XEmacs uses to assemble its various paths into the
1351 directory hierarchy has been rewritten to support the package system.
1352 Look under "Startup Paths" in the Info documentation for more
1355 *** site-lisp is no longer part of the load-path by default.
1356 Its use is deprecated, but you can specify --with-site-lisp=yes at the
1357 configure command line to get it back.
1359 *** `Info-default-directory-list' is now obsolete. If you want to
1360 change the path which XEmacs uses to search for info files, set
1361 `Info-directory-list' instead.
1364 * For older news, see the file ONEWS.