-\1f
-File: xemacs.info, Node: Faces, Next: X Resources, Prev: Audible Bell, Up: Customization
-
-Faces
-=====
-
- XEmacs has objects called extents and faces. An "extent" is a
-region of text and a "face" is a collection of textual attributes, such
-as fonts and colors. Every extent is displayed in some face;
-therefore, changing the properties of a face immediately updates the
-display of all associated extents. Faces can be frame-local: you can
-have a region of text that displays with completely different
-attributes when its buffer is viewed from a different X window.
-
- The display attributes of faces may be specified either in Lisp or
-through the X resource manager.
-
-Customizing Faces
------------------
-
- You can change the face of an extent with the functions in this
-section. All the functions prompt for a FACE as an argument; use
-completion for a list of possible values.
-
-`M-x invert-face'
- Swap the foreground and background colors of the given FACE.
-
-`M-x make-face-bold'
- Make the font of the given FACE bold. When called from a program,
- returns `nil' if this is not possible.
-
-`M-x make-face-bold-italic'
- Make the font of the given FACE bold italic. When called from a
- program, returns `nil' if not possible.
-
-`M-x make-face-italic'
- Make the font of the given FACE italic. When called from a
- program, returns `nil' if not possible.
-
-`M-x make-face-unbold'
- Make the font of the given FACE non-bold. When called from a
- program, returns `nil' if not possible.
-
-`M-x make-face-unitalic'
- Make the font of the given FACE non-italic. When called from a
- program, returns `nil' if not possible.
-
-`M-x make-face-larger'
- Make the font of the given FACE a little larger. When called from
- a program, returns `nil' if not possible.
-
-`M-x make-face-smaller'
- Make the font of the given FACE a little smaller. When called
- from a program, returns `nil' if not possible.
-
-`M-x set-face-background'
- Change the background color of the given FACE.
-
-`M-x set-face-background-pixmap'
- Change the background pixmap of the given FACE.
-
-`M-x set-face-font'
- Change the font of the given FACE.
-
-`M-x set-face-foreground'
- Change the foreground color of the given FACE.
-
-`M-x set-face-underline-p'
- Change whether the given FACE is underlined.
-
- You can exchange the foreground and background color of the selected
-FACE with the function `invert-face'. If the face does not specify both
-foreground and background, then its foreground and background are set
-to the background and foreground of the default face. When calling
-this from a program, you can supply the optional argument FRAME to
-specify which frame is affected; otherwise, all frames are affected.
-
- You can set the background color of the specified FACE with the
-function `set-face-background'. The argument `color' should be a
-string, the name of a color. When called from a program, if the
-optional FRAME argument is provided, the face is changed only in that
-frame; otherwise, it is changed in all frames.
-
- You can set the background pixmap of the specified FACE with the
-function `set-face-background-pixmap'. The pixmap argument NAME should
-be a string, the name of a file of pixmap data. The directories listed
-in the `x-bitmap-file-path' variable are searched. The bitmap may also
-be a list of the form `(WIDTH HEIGHT DATA)', where WIDTH and HEIGHT are
-the size in pixels, and DATA is a string containing the raw bits of the
-bitmap. If the optional FRAME argument is provided, the face is
-changed only in that frame; otherwise, it is changed in all frames.
-
- The variable `x-bitmap-file-path' takes as a value a list of the
-directories in which X bitmap files may be found. If the value is
-`nil', the list is initialized from the `*bitmapFilePath' resource.
-
- If the environment variable XBMLANGPATH is set, then it is consulted
-before the `x-bitmap-file-path' variable.
-
- You can set the font of the specified FACE with the function
-`set-face-font'. The FONT argument should be a string, the name of a
-font. When called from a program, if the optional FRAME argument is
-provided, the face is changed only in that frame; otherwise, it is
-changed in all frames.
-
- You can set the foreground color of the specified FACE with the
-function `set-face-foreground'. The argument COLOR should be a string,
-the name of a color. If the optional FRAME argument is provided, the
-face is changed only in that frame; otherwise, it is changed in all
-frames.
-
- You can set underline the specified FACE with the function
-`set-face-underline-p'. The argument UNDERLINE-P can be used to make
-underlining an attribute of the face or not. If the optional FRAME
-argument is provided, the face is changed only in that frame;
-otherwise, it is changed in all frames.
-
-\1f
-File: xemacs.info, Node: X Resources, Prev: Faces, Up: Customization
-
-X Resources
-===========
-
- Historically, XEmacs has used the X resource application class
-`Emacs' for its resources. Unfortunately, GNU Emacs uses the same
-application class, and resources are not compatible between the two
-Emacsen. This sharing of the application class often leads to trouble
-if you want to run both variants.
-
- Starting with XEmacs 21, XEmacs uses the class `XEmacs' if it finds
-any XEmacs resources in the resource database when the X connection is
-initialized. Otherwise, it will use the class `Emacs' for backwards
-compatability. The variable X-EMACS-APPLICATION-CLASS may be consulted
-to determine the application class being used.
-
- The examples in this section assume the application class is `Emacs'.
-
- The Emacs resources are generally set per-frame. Each Emacs frame
-can have its own name or the same name as another, depending on the
-name passed to the `make-frame' function.
-
- You can specify resources for all frames with the syntax:
-
- Emacs*parameter: value
-
-or
-
- Emacs*EmacsFrame.parameter:value
-
-You can specify resources for a particular frame with the syntax:
-
- Emacs*FRAME-NAME.parameter: value
-
-* Menu:
-
-* Geometry Resources:: Controlling the size and position of frames.
-* Iconic Resources:: Controlling whether frames come up iconic.
-* Resource List:: List of resources settable on a frame or device.
-* Face Resources:: Controlling faces using resources.
-* Widgets:: The widget hierarchy for XEmacs.
-* Menubar Resources:: Specifying resources for the menubar.
-
-\1f
-File: xemacs.info, Node: Geometry Resources, Next: Iconic Resources, Up: X Resources
-
-Geometry Resources
-------------------
-
- To make the default size of all Emacs frames be 80 columns by 55
-lines, do this:
-
- Emacs*EmacsFrame.geometry: 80x55
-
-To set the geometry of a particular frame named `fred', do this:
-
- Emacs*fred.geometry: 80x55
-
-Important! Do not use the following syntax:
-
- Emacs*geometry: 80x55
-
-You should never use `*geometry' with any X application. It does not
-say "make the geometry of Emacs be 80 columns by 55 lines." It really
-says, "make Emacs and all subwindows thereof be 80x55 in whatever units
-they care to measure in." In particular, that is both telling the
-Emacs text pane to be 80x55 in characters, and telling the menubar pane
-to be 80x55 pixels, which is surely not what you want.
-
- As a special case, this geometry specification also works (and sets
-the default size of all Emacs frames to 80 columns by 55 lines):
-
- Emacs.geometry: 80x55
-
-since that is the syntax used with most other applications (since most
-other applications have only one top-level window, unlike Emacs). In
-general, however, the top-level shell (the unmapped ApplicationShell
-widget named `Emacs' that is the parent of the shell widgets that
-actually manage the individual frames) does not have any interesting
-resources on it, and you should set the resources on the frames instead.
-
- The `-geometry' command-line argument sets only the geometry of the
-initial frame created by Emacs.
-
- A more complete explanation of geometry-handling is
-
- * The `-geometry' command-line option sets the `Emacs.geometry'
- resource, that is, the geometry of the ApplicationShell.
-
- * For the first frame created, the size of the frame is taken from
- the ApplicationShell if it is specified, otherwise from the
- geometry of the frame.
-
- * For subsequent frames, the order is reversed: First the frame, and
- then the ApplicationShell.
-
- * For the first frame created, the position of the frame is taken
- from the ApplicationShell (`Emacs.geometry') if it is specified,
- otherwise from the geometry of the frame.
-
- * For subsequent frames, the position is taken only from the frame,
- and never from the ApplicationShell.
-
- This is rather complicated, but it does seem to provide the most
-intuitive behavior with respect to the default sizes and positions of
-frames created in various ways.
-
-\1f
-File: xemacs.info, Node: Iconic Resources, Next: Resource List, Prev: Geometry Resources, Up: X Resources
-
-Iconic Resources
-----------------
-
- Analogous to `-geometry', the `-iconic' command-line option sets the
-iconic flag of the ApplicationShell (`Emacs.iconic') and always applies
-to the first frame created regardless of its name. However, it is
-possible to set the iconic flag on particular frames (by name) by using
-the `Emacs*FRAME-NAME.iconic' resource.
-
-\1f
-File: xemacs.info, Node: Resource List, Next: Face Resources, Prev: Iconic Resources, Up: X Resources
-
-Resource List
--------------
-
- Emacs frames accept the following resources:
-
-`geometry' (class `Geometry'): string
- Initial geometry for the frame. *Note Geometry Resources::, for a
- complete discussion of how this works.
-
-`iconic' (class `Iconic'): boolean
- Whether this frame should appear in the iconified state.
-
-`internalBorderWidth' (class `InternalBorderWidth'): int
- How many blank pixels to leave between the text and the edge of the
- window.
-
-`interline' (class `Interline'): int
- How many pixels to leave between each line (may not be
- implemented).
-
-`menubar' (class `Menubar'): boolean
- Whether newly-created frames should initially have a menubar. Set
- to true by default.
-
-`initiallyUnmapped' (class `InitiallyUnmapped'): boolean
- Whether XEmacs should leave the initial frame unmapped when it
- starts up. This is useful if you are starting XEmacs as a server
- (e.g. in conjunction with gnuserv or the external client widget).
- You can also control this with the `-unmapped' command-line option.
-
-`barCursor' (class `BarColor'): boolean
- Whether the cursor should be displayed as a bar, or the
- traditional box.
-
-`cursorColor' (class `CursorColor'): color-name
- The color of the text cursor.
-
-`scrollBarWidth' (class `ScrollBarWidth'): integer
- How wide the vertical scrollbars should be, in pixels; 0 means no
- vertical scrollbars. You can also use a resource specification of
- the form `*scrollbar.width', or the usual toolkit scrollbar
- resources: `*XmScrollBar.width' (Motif), `*XlwScrollBar.width'
- (Lucid), or `*Scrollbar.thickness' (Athena). We don't recommend
- that you use the toolkit resources, though, because they're
- dependent on how exactly your particular build of XEmacs was
- configured.
-
-`scrollBarHeight' (class `ScrollBarHeight'): integer
- How high the horizontal scrollbars should be, in pixels; 0 means no
- horizontal scrollbars. You can also use a resource specification
- of the form `*scrollbar.height', or the usual toolkit scrollbar
- resources: `*XmScrollBar.height' (Motif), `*XlwScrollBar.height'
- (Lucid), or `*Scrollbar.thickness' (Athena). We don't recommend
- that you use the toolkit resources, though, because they're
- dependent on how exactly your particular build of XEmacs was
- configured.
-
-`scrollBarPlacement' (class `ScrollBarPlacement'): string
- Where the horizontal and vertical scrollbars should be positioned.
- This should be one of the four strings `BOTTOM_LEFT',
- `BOTTOM_RIGHT', `TOP_LEFT', and `TOP_RIGHT'. Default is
- `BOTTOM_RIGHT' for the Motif and Lucid scrollbars and
- `BOTTOM_LEFT' for the Athena scrollbars.
-
-`topToolBarHeight' (class `TopToolBarHeight'): integer
-`bottomToolBarHeight' (class `BottomToolBarHeight'): integer
-`leftToolBarWidth' (class `LeftToolBarWidth'): integer
-`rightToolBarWidth' (class `RightToolBarWidth'): integer
- Height and width of the four possible toolbars.
-
-`topToolBarShadowColor' (class `TopToolBarShadowColor'): color-name
-`bottomToolBarShadowColor' (class `BottomToolBarShadowColor'): color-name
- Color of the top and bottom shadows for the toolbars. NOTE: These
- resources do _not_ have anything to do with the top and bottom
- toolbars (i.e. the toolbars at the top and bottom of the frame)!
- Rather, they affect the top and bottom shadows around the edges of
- all four kinds of toolbars.
-
-`topToolBarShadowPixmap' (class `TopToolBarShadowPixmap'): pixmap-name
-`bottomToolBarShadowPixmap' (class `BottomToolBarShadowPixmap'): pixmap-name
- Pixmap of the top and bottom shadows for the toolbars. If set,
- these resources override the corresponding color resources. NOTE:
- These resources do _not_ have anything to do with the top and
- bottom toolbars (i.e. the toolbars at the top and bottom of the
- frame)! Rather, they affect the top and bottom shadows around the
- edges of all four kinds of toolbars.
-
-`toolBarShadowThickness' (class `ToolBarShadowThickness'): integer
- Thickness of the shadows around the toolbars, in pixels.
-
-`visualBell' (class `VisualBell'): boolean
- Whether XEmacs should flash the screen rather than making an
- audible beep.
-
-`bellVolume' (class `BellVolume'): integer
- Volume of the audible beep.
-
-`useBackingStore' (class `UseBackingStore'): boolean
- Whether XEmacs should set the backing-store attribute of the X
- windows it creates. This increases the memory usage of the X
- server but decreases the amount of X traffic necessary to update
- the screen, and is useful when the connection to the X server goes
- over a low-bandwidth line such as a modem connection.
-
- Emacs devices accept the following resources:
-
-`textPointer' (class `Cursor'): cursor-name
- The cursor to use when the mouse is over text. This resource is
- used to initialize the variable `x-pointer-shape'.
-
-`selectionPointer' (class `Cursor'): cursor-name
- The cursor to use when the mouse is over a selectable text region
- (an extent with the `highlight' property; for example, an Info
- cross-reference). This resource is used to initialize the variable
- `x-selection-pointer-shape'.
-
-`spacePointer' (class `Cursor'): cursor-name
- The cursor to use when the mouse is over a blank space in a buffer
- (that is, after the end of a line or after the end-of-file). This
- resource is used to initialize the variable
- `x-nontext-pointer-shape'.
-
-`modeLinePointer' (class `Cursor'): cursor-name
- The cursor to use when the mouse is over a modeline. This
- resource is used to initialize the variable `x-mode-pointer-shape'.
-
-`gcPointer' (class `Cursor'): cursor-name
- The cursor to display when a garbage-collection is in progress.
- This resource is used to initialize the variable
- `x-gc-pointer-shape'.
-
-`scrollbarPointer' (class `Cursor'): cursor-name
- The cursor to use when the mouse is over the scrollbar. This
- resource is used to initialize the variable
- `x-scrollbar-pointer-shape'.
-
-`pointerColor' (class `Foreground'): color-name
-`pointerBackground' (class `Background'): color-name
- The foreground and background colors of the mouse cursor. These
- resources are used to initialize the variables
- `x-pointer-foreground-color' and `x-pointer-background-color'.
-
-\1f
-File: xemacs.info, Node: Face Resources, Next: Widgets, Prev: Resource List, Up: X Resources
-
-Face Resources
---------------
-
- The attributes of faces are also per-frame. They can be specified as:
-
- Emacs.FACE_NAME.parameter: value
-
-or
-
- Emacs*FRAME_NAME.FACE_NAME.parameter: value
-
-Faces accept the following resources:
-
-`attributeFont' (class `AttributeFont'): font-name
- The font of this face.
-
-`attributeForeground' (class `AttributeForeground'): color-name
-`attributeBackground' (class `AttributeBackground'): color-name
- The foreground and background colors of this face.
-
-`attributeBackgroundPixmap' (class `AttributeBackgroundPixmap'): file-name
- The name of an XBM file (or XPM file, if your version of Emacs
- supports XPM), to use as a background stipple.
-
-`attributeUnderline' (class `AttributeUnderline'): boolean
- Whether text in this face should be underlined.
-
- All text is displayed in some face, defaulting to the face named
-`default'. To set the font of normal text, use
-`Emacs*default.attributeFont'. To set it in the frame named `fred', use
-`Emacs*fred.default.attributeFont'.
-
- These are the names of the predefined faces:
-
-`default'
- Everything inherits from this.
-
-`bold'
- If this is not specified in the resource database, Emacs tries to
- find a bold version of the font of the default face.
-
-`italic'
- If this is not specified in the resource database, Emacs tries to
- find an italic version of the font of the default face.
-
-`bold-italic'
- If this is not specified in the resource database, Emacs tries to
- find a bold-italic version of the font of the default face.
-
-`modeline'
- This is the face that the modeline is displayed in. If not
- specified in the resource database, it is determined from the
- default face by reversing the foreground and background colors.
-
-`highlight'
- This is the face that highlighted extents (for example, Info
- cross-references and possible completions, when the mouse passes
- over them) are displayed in.
-
-`left-margin'
-`right-margin'
- These are the faces that the left and right annotation margins are
- displayed in.
-
-`zmacs-region'
- This is the face that mouse selections are displayed in.
-
-`isearch'
- This is the face that the matched text being searched for is
- displayed in.
-
-`info-node'
- This is the face of info menu items. If unspecified, it is copied
- from `bold-italic'.
-
-`info-xref'
- This is the face of info cross-references. If unspecified, it is
- copied from `bold'. (Note that, when the mouse passes over a
- cross-reference, the cross-reference's face is determined from a
- combination of the `info-xref' and `highlight' faces.)
-
- Other packages might define their own faces; to see a list of all
-faces, use any of the interactive face-manipulation commands such as
-`set-face-font' and type `?' when you are prompted for the name of a
-face.
-
- If the `bold', `italic', and `bold-italic' faces are not specified
-in the resource database, then XEmacs attempts to derive them from the
-font of the default face. It can only succeed at this if you have
-specified the default font using the XLFD (X Logical Font Description)
-format, which looks like
-
- *-courier-medium-r-*-*-*-120-*-*-*-*-*-*
-
-If you use any of the other, less strict font name formats, some of
-which look like
-
- lucidasanstypewriter-12
- fixed
- 9x13
-
- then XEmacs won't be able to guess the names of the bold and italic
-versions. All X fonts can be referred to via XLFD-style names, so you
-should use those forms. See the man pages for `X(1)', `xlsfonts(1)',
-and `xfontsel(1)'.
-
-\1f
-File: xemacs.info, Node: Widgets, Next: Menubar Resources, Prev: Face Resources, Up: X Resources
-
-Widgets
--------
-
- There are several structural widgets between the terminal EmacsFrame
-widget and the top level ApplicationShell; the exact names and types of
-these widgets change from release to release (for example, they changed
-between 19.8 and 19.9, 19.9 and 19.10, and 19.10 and 19.12) and are
-subject to further change in the future, so you should avoid mentioning
-them in your resource database. The above-mentioned syntaxes should be
-forward- compatible. As of 19.13, the exact widget hierarchy is as
-follows:
-
- INVOCATION-NAME "shell" "container" FRAME-NAME
- x-emacs-application-class "EmacsShell" "EmacsManager" "EmacsFrame"
-
- where INVOCATION-NAME is the terminal component of the name of the
-XEmacs executable (usually `xemacs'), and `x-emacs-application-class'
-is generally `Emacs'.
-
-\1f
-File: xemacs.info, Node: Menubar Resources, Prev: Widgets, Up: X Resources
-
-Menubar Resources
------------------
-
- As the menubar is implemented as a widget which is not a part of
-XEmacs proper, it does not use the fac" mechanism for specifying fonts
-and colors: It uses whatever resources are appropriate to the type of
-widget which is used to implement it.
-
- If Emacs was compiled to use only the Motif-lookalike menu widgets,
-then one way to specify the font of the menubar would be
-
- Emacs*menubar*font: *-courier-medium-r-*-*-*-120-*-*-*-*-*-*
-
- If the Motif library is being used, then one would have to use
-
- Emacs*menubar*fontList: *-courier-medium-r-*-*-*-120-*-*-*-*-*-*
-
- because the Motif library uses the `fontList' resource name instead
-of `font', which has subtly different semantics.
-
- The same is true of the scrollbars: They accept whichever resources
-are appropriate for the toolkit in use.
-
-\1f
-File: xemacs.info, Node: Quitting, Next: Lossage, Prev: Customization, Up: Top
-
-Quitting and Aborting
-=====================
-
-`C-g'
- Quit. Cancel running or partially typed command.
-
-`C-]'
- Abort innermost recursive editing level and cancel the command
- which invoked it (`abort-recursive-edit').
-
-`M-x top-level'
- Abort all recursive editing levels that are currently executing.
-
-`C-x u'
- Cancel an already-executed command, usually (`undo').
-
- There are two ways of cancelling commands which are not finished
-executing: "quitting" with `C-g', and "aborting" with `C-]' or `M-x
-top-level'. Quitting is cancelling a partially typed command or one
-which is already running. Aborting is getting out of a recursive
-editing level and cancelling the command that invoked the recursive
-edit.
-
- Quitting with `C-g' is used for getting rid of a partially typed
-command or a numeric argument that you don't want. It also stops a
-running command in the middle in a relatively safe way, so you can use
-it if you accidentally start executing a command that takes a long
-time. In particular, it is safe to quit out of killing; either your
-text will ALL still be there, or it will ALL be in the kill ring (or
-maybe both). Quitting an incremental search does special things
-documented under searching; in general, it may take two successive
-`C-g' characters to get out of a search. `C-g' works by setting the
-variable `quit-flag' to `t' the instant `C-g' is typed; Emacs Lisp
-checks this variable frequently and quits if it is non-`nil'. `C-g' is
-only actually executed as a command if it is typed while Emacs is
-waiting for input.
-
- If you quit twice in a row before the first `C-g' is recognized, you
-activate the "emergency escape" feature and return to the shell. *Note
-Emergency Escape::.
-
- You can use `C-]' (`abort-recursive-edit') to get out of a recursive
-editing level and cancel the command which invoked it. Quitting with
-`C-g' does not do this, and could not do this because it is used to
-cancel a partially typed command within the recursive editing level.
-Both operations are useful. For example, if you are in the Emacs
-debugger (*note Lisp Debug::) and have typed `C-u 8' to enter a numeric
-argument, you can cancel that argument with `C-g' and remain in the
-debugger.
-
- The command `M-x top-level' is equivalent to "enough" `C-]' commands
-to get you out of all the levels of recursive edits that you are in.
-`C-]' only gets you out one level at a time, but `M-x top-level' goes
-out all levels at once. Both `C-]' and `M-x top-level' are like all
-other commands and unlike `C-g' in that they are effective only when
-Emacs is ready for a command. `C-]' is an ordinary key and has its
-meaning only because of its binding in the keymap. *Note Recursive
-Edit::.
-
- `C-x u' (`undo') is not strictly speaking a way of cancelling a
-command, but you can think of it as cancelling a command already
-finished executing. *Note Undo::.
-
-\1f
-File: xemacs.info, Node: Lossage, Next: Bugs, Prev: Quitting, Up: Top
-
-Dealing With Emacs Trouble
-==========================
-
- This section describes various conditions in which Emacs fails to
-work, and how to recognize them and correct them.
-
-* Menu:
-
-* Stuck Recursive:: `[...]' in mode line around the parentheses.
-* Screen Garbled:: Garbage on the screen.
-* Text Garbled:: Garbage in the text.
-* Unasked-for Search:: Spontaneous entry to incremental search.
-* Emergency Escape:: Emergency escape---
- What to do if Emacs stops responding.
-* Total Frustration:: When you are at your wits' end.
-
-\1f
-File: xemacs.info, Node: Stuck Recursive, Next: Screen Garbled, Prev: Lossage, Up: Lossage
-
-Recursive Editing Levels
-------------------------
-
- Recursive editing levels are important and useful features of Emacs,
-but they can seem like malfunctions to the user who does not understand
-them.
-
- If the mode line has square brackets `[...]' around the parentheses
-that contain the names of the major and minor modes, you have entered a
-recursive editing level. If you did not do this on purpose, or if you
-don't understand what that means, you should just get out of the
-recursive editing level. To do so, type `M-x top-level'. This is
-called getting back to top level. *Note Recursive Edit::.
-
-\1f
-File: xemacs.info, Node: Screen Garbled, Next: Text Garbled, Prev: Stuck Recursive, Up: Lossage
-
-Garbage on the Screen
----------------------
-
- If the data on the screen looks wrong, the first thing to do is see
-whether the text is actually wrong. Type `C-l', to redisplay the
-entire screen. If the text appears correct after this, the problem was
-entirely in the previous screen update.
-
- Display updating problems often result from an incorrect termcap
-entry for the terminal you are using. The file `etc/TERMS' in the Emacs
-distribution gives the fixes for known problems of this sort.
-`INSTALL' contains general advice for these problems in one of its
-sections. Very likely there is simply insufficient padding for certain
-display operations. To investigate the possibility that you have this
-sort of problem, try Emacs on another terminal made by a different
-manufacturer. If problems happen frequently on one kind of terminal but
-not another kind, the real problem is likely to be a bad termcap entry,
-though it could also be due to a bug in Emacs that appears for terminals
-that have or lack specific features.
-
-\1f
-File: xemacs.info, Node: Text Garbled, Next: Unasked-for Search, Prev: Screen Garbled, Up: Lossage
-
-Garbage in the Text
--------------------
-
- If `C-l' shows that the text is wrong, try undoing the changes to it
-using `C-x u' until it gets back to a state you consider correct. Also
-try `C-h l' to find out what command you typed to produce the observed
-results.
-
- If a large portion of text appears to be missing at the beginning or
-end of the buffer, check for the word `Narrow' in the mode line. If it
-appears, the text is still present, but marked off-limits. To make it
-visible again, type `C-x n w'. *Note Narrowing::.
-