-File: xemacs.info, Node: Specify Coding, Prev: Recognize Coding, Up: Mule
-
-Specifying a Coding System
-==========================
-
- In cases where XEmacs does not automatically choose the right coding
-system, you can use these commands to specify one:
-
-`C-x <RET> f CODING <RET>'
- Use coding system CODING for the visited file in the current
- buffer.
-
-`C-x <RET> c CODING <RET>'
- Specify coding system CODING for the immediately following command.
-
-`C-x <RET> k CODING <RET>'
- Use coding system CODING for keyboard input.
-
-`C-x <RET> t CODING <RET>'
- Use coding system CODING for terminal output.
-
-`C-x <RET> p CODING <RET>'
- Use coding system CODING for subprocess input and output in the
- current buffer.
-
- The command `C-x RET f' (`set-buffer-file-coding-system') specifies
-the file coding system for the current buffer--in other words, which
-coding system to use when saving or rereading the visited file. You
-specify which coding system using the minibuffer. Since this command
-applies to a file you have already visited, it affects only the way the
-file is saved.
-
- Another way to specify the coding system for a file is when you visit
-the file. First use the command `C-x <RET> c'
-(`universal-coding-system-argument'); this command uses the minibuffer
-to read a coding system name. After you exit the minibuffer, the
-specified coding system is used for *the immediately following command*.
-
- So if the immediately following command is `C-x C-f', for example,
-it reads the file using that coding system (and records the coding
-system for when the file is saved). Or if the immediately following
-command is `C-x C-w', it writes the file using that coding system.
-Other file commands affected by a specified coding system include `C-x
-C-i' and `C-x C-v', as well as the other-window variants of `C-x C-f'.
-
- In addition, if you run some file input commands with the precedent
-`C-u', you can specify coding system to read from minibuffer. So if
-the immediately following command is `C-x C-f', for example, it reads
-the file using that coding system (and records the coding system for
-when the file is saved). Other file commands affected by a specified
-coding system include `C-x C-i' and `C-x C-v', as well as the
-other-window variants of `C-x C-f'.
-
- The variable `default-buffer-file-coding-system' specifies the
-choice of coding system to use when you create a new file. It applies
-when you find a new file, and when you create a buffer and then save it
-in a file. Selecting a language environment typically sets this
-variable to a good choice of default coding system for that language
-environment.
-
- The command `C-x <RET> t' (`set-terminal-coding-system') specifies
-the coding system for terminal output. If you specify a character code
-for terminal output, all characters output to the terminal are
-translated into that coding system.
-
- This feature is useful for certain character-only terminals built to
-support specific languages or character sets--for example, European
-terminals that support one of the ISO Latin character sets.
-
- By default, output to the terminal is not translated at all.
-
- The command `C-x <RET> k' (`set-keyboard-coding-system') specifies
-the coding system for keyboard input. Character-code translation of
-keyboard input is useful for terminals with keys that send non-ASCII
-graphic characters--for example, some terminals designed for ISO
-Latin-1 or subsets of it.
-
- By default, keyboard input is not translated at all.
-
- There is a similarity between using a coding system translation for
-keyboard input, and using an input method: both define sequences of
-keyboard input that translate into single characters. However, input
-methods are designed to be convenient for interactive use by humans, and
-the sequences that are translated are typically sequences of ASCII
-printing characters. Coding systems typically translate sequences of
-non-graphic characters.
-
- The command `C-x <RET> p' (`set-buffer-process-coding-system')
-specifies the coding system for input and output to a subprocess. This
-command applies to the current buffer; normally, each subprocess has its
-own buffer, and thus you can use this command to specify translation to
-and from a particular subprocess by giving the command in the
-corresponding buffer.
-
- By default, process input and output are not translated at all.
-
- The variable `file-name-coding-system' specifies a coding system to
-use for encoding file names. If you set the variable to a coding
-system name (as a Lisp symbol or a string), XEmacs encodes file names
-using that coding system for all file operations. This makes it
-possible to use non-Latin-1 characters in file names--or, at least,
-those non-Latin-1 characters which the specified coding system can
-encode. By default, this variable is `nil', which implies that you
-cannot use non-Latin-1 characters in file names.
+File: xemacs.info, Node: Dired Deletion, Next: Dired Immed, Prev: Dired Edit, Up: Dired
+
+Deleting Files With Dired
+-------------------------
+
+ The primary use of Dired is to flag files for deletion and then
+delete them.
+
+`d'
+ Flag this file for deletion.
+
+`u'
+ Remove deletion-flag on this line.
+
+`<DEL>'
+ Remove deletion-flag on previous line, moving point to that line.
+
+`x'
+ Delete the files that are flagged for deletion.
+
+`#'
+ Flag all auto-save files (files whose names start and end with `#')
+ for deletion (*note Auto Save::).
+
+`~'
+ Flag all backup files (files whose names end with `~') for deletion
+ (*note Backup::).
+
+`. (Period)'
+ Flag excess numeric backup files for deletion. The oldest and
+ newest few backup files of any one file are exempt; the middle
+ ones are flagged.
+
+ You can flag a file for deletion by moving to the line describing the
+file and typing `d' or `C-d'. The deletion flag is visible as a `D' at
+the beginning of the line. Point is moved to the beginning of the next
+line, so that repeated `d' commands flag successive files.
+
+ The files are flagged for deletion rather than deleted immediately to
+avoid the danger of deleting a file accidentally. Until you direct
+Dired to delete the flagged files, you can remove deletion flags using
+the commands `u' and <DEL>. `u' works just like `d', but removes flags
+rather than making flags. <DEL> moves upward, removing flags; it is
+like `u' with numeric argument automatically negated.
+
+ To delete the flagged files, type `x'. This command first displays a
+list of all the file names flagged for deletion, and requests
+confirmation with `yes'. Once you confirm, all the flagged files are
+deleted, and their lines are deleted from the text of the Dired buffer.
+The shortened Dired buffer remains selected. If you answer `no' or
+quit with `C-g', you return immediately to Dired, with the deletion
+flags still present and no files actually deleted.
+
+ The `#', `~', and `.' commands flag many files for deletion, based
+on their names. These commands are useful precisely because they do
+not actually delete any files; you can remove the deletion flags from
+any flagged files that you really wish to keep.
+
+ `#' flags for deletion all files that appear to have been made by
+auto-saving (that is, files whose names begin and end with `#'). `~'
+flags for deletion all files that appear to have been made as backups
+for files that were edited (that is, files whose names end with `~').
+
+ `.' (Period) flags just some of the backup files for deletion: only
+numeric backups that are not among the oldest few nor the newest few
+backups of any one file. Normally `dired-kept-versions' (not
+`kept-new-versions'; that applies only when saving) specifies the
+number of newest versions of each file to keep, and `kept-old-versions'
+specifies the number of oldest versions to keep. Period with a
+positive numeric argument, as in `C-u 3 .', specifies the number of
+newest versions to keep, overriding `dired-kept-versions'. A negative
+numeric argument overrides `kept-old-versions', using minus the value
+of the argument to specify the number of oldest versions of each file
+to keep.