-This is ../info/lispref.info, produced by makeinfo version 4.0 from
+This is ../info/lispref.info, produced by makeinfo version 4.0b from
lispref/lispref.texi.
INFO-DIR-SECTION XEmacs Editor
Foundation instead of in the original English.
\1f
+File: lispref.info, Node: System Environment, Next: User Identification, Prev: Getting Out, Up: System Interface
+
+Operating System Environment
+============================
+
+ XEmacs provides access to variables in the operating system
+environment through various functions. These variables include the
+name of the system, the user's UID, and so on.
+
+ - Variable: system-type
+ The value of this variable is a symbol indicating the type of
+ operating system XEmacs is operating on. Here is a table of the
+ possible values:
+
+ `aix-v3'
+ AIX.
+
+ `berkeley-unix'
+ Berkeley BSD.
+
+ `dgux'
+ Data General DGUX operating system.
+
+ `gnu'
+ A GNU system using the GNU HURD and Mach.
+
+ `hpux'
+ Hewlett-Packard HPUX operating system.
+
+ `irix'
+ Silicon Graphics Irix system.
+
+ `linux'
+ A GNU system using the Linux kernel.
+
+ `ms-dos'
+ Microsoft MS-DOS "operating system."
+
+ `next-mach'
+ NeXT Mach-based system.
+
+ `rtu'
+ Masscomp RTU, UCB universe.
+
+ `unisoft-unix'
+ UniSoft UniPlus.
+
+ `usg-unix-v'
+ AT&T System V.
+
+ `windows-nt'
+ Microsoft windows NT.
+
+ `xenix'
+ SCO Xenix 386.
+
+ We do not wish to add new symbols to make finer distinctions
+ unless it is absolutely necessary! In fact, we hope to eliminate
+ some of these alternatives in the future. We recommend using
+ `system-configuration' to distinguish between different operating
+ systems.
+
+ - Variable: system-configuration
+ This variable holds the three-part configuration name for the
+ hardware/software configuration of your system, as a string. The
+ convenient way to test parts of this string is with `string-match'.
+
+ - Function: system-name
+ This function returns the name of the machine you are running on.
+ (system-name)
+ => "prep.ai.mit.edu"
+
+ The symbol `system-name' is a variable as well as a function. In
+fact, the function returns whatever value the variable `system-name'
+currently holds. Thus, you can set the variable `system-name' in case
+Emacs is confused about the name of your system. The variable is also
+useful for constructing frame titles (*note Frame Titles::).
+
+ - Variable: mail-host-address
+ If this variable is non-`nil', it is used instead of `system-name'
+ for purposes of generating email addresses. For example, it is
+ used when constructing the default value of `user-mail-address'.
+ *Note User Identification::. (Since this is done when XEmacs
+ starts up, the value actually used is the one saved when XEmacs
+ was dumped. *Note Building XEmacs::.)
+
+ - Command: getenv var &optional interactivep
+ This function returns the value of the environment variable VAR,
+ as a string. Within XEmacs, the environment variable values are
+ kept in the Lisp variable `process-environment'.
+
+ When invoked interactively, `getenv' prints the value in the echo
+ area.
+
+ (getenv "USER")
+ => "lewis"
+
+ lewis@slug[10] % printenv
+ PATH=.:/user/lewis/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/local/bin
+ USER=lewis
+ TERM=ibmapa16
+ SHELL=/bin/csh
+ HOME=/user/lewis
+
+ - Command: setenv variable &optional value unset
+ This command sets the value of the environment variable named
+ VARIABLE to VALUE. Both arguments should be strings. This
+ function works by modifying `process-environment'; binding that
+ variable with `let' is also reasonable practice.
+
+ - Variable: process-environment
+ This variable is a list of strings, each describing one environment
+ variable. The functions `getenv' and `setenv' work by
+ manipulating this variable.
+
+ process-environment
+ => ("l=/usr/stanford/lib/gnuemacs/lisp"
+ "PATH=.:/user/lewis/bin:/usr/class:/nfsusr/local/bin"
+ "USER=lewis"
+ "TERM=ibmapa16"
+ "SHELL=/bin/csh"
+ "HOME=/user/lewis")
+
+ - Variable: path-separator
+ This variable holds a string which says which character separates
+ directories in a search path (as found in an environment
+ variable). Its value is `":"' for Unix and GNU systems, and `";"'
+ for MS-DOS and Windows NT.
+
+ - Variable: invocation-name
+ This variable holds the program name under which Emacs was
+ invoked. The value is a string, and does not include a directory
+ name.
+
+ - Variable: invocation-directory
+ This variable holds the directory from which the Emacs executable
+ was invoked, or perhaps `nil' if that directory cannot be
+ determined.
+
+ - Variable: installation-directory
+ If non-`nil', this is a directory within which to look for the
+ `lib-src' and `etc' subdirectories. This is non-`nil' when Emacs
+ can't find those directories in their standard installed
+ locations, but can find them in a directory related somehow to the
+ one containing the Emacs executable.
+
+ - Function: load-average &optional use-floats
+ This function returns a list of the current 1-minute, 5-minute and
+ 15-minute load averages. The values are integers that are 100
+ times the system load averages. (The load averages indicate the
+ number of processes trying to run.)
+
+ When USE-FLOATS is non-`nil', floats will be returned instead of
+ integers. These floats are not multiplied by 100.
+
+ (load-average)
+ => (169 158 164)
+ (load-average t)
+ => (1.69921875 1.58984375 1.640625)
+
+ lewis@rocky[5] % uptime
+ 8:06pm up 16 day(s), 21:57, 40 users,
+ load average: 1.68, 1.59, 1.64
+
+ If the 5-minute or 15-minute load averages are not available,
+ return a shortened list, containing only those averages which are
+ available.
+
+ On some systems, this function may require special privileges to
+ run, or it may be unimplemented for the particular system type.
+ In that case, the function will signal an error.
+
+ - Function: emacs-pid
+ This function returns the process ID of the Emacs process.
+
+\1f
+File: lispref.info, Node: User Identification, Next: Time of Day, Prev: System Environment, Up: System Interface
+
+User Identification
+===================
+
+ - Variable: user-mail-address
+ This holds the nominal email address of the user who is using
+ Emacs. When Emacs starts up, it computes a default value that is
+ usually right, but users often set this themselves when the
+ default value is not right.
+
+ - Function: user-login-name &optional uid
+ If you don't specify UID, this function returns the name under
+ which the user is logged in. If the environment variable `LOGNAME'
+ is set, that value is used. Otherwise, if the environment variable
+ `USER' is set, that value is used. Otherwise, the value is based
+ on the effective UID, not the real UID.
+
+ If you specify UID, the value is the user name that corresponds to
+ UID (which should be an integer).
+
+ (user-login-name)
+ => "lewis"
+
+ - Function: user-real-login-name
+ This function returns the user name corresponding to Emacs's real
+ UID. This ignores the effective UID and ignores the environment
+ variables `LOGNAME' and `USER'.
+
+ - Variable: user-full-name
+ This variable holds the name of the user running this Emacs. It is
+ initialized at startup time from the value of `NAME' environment
+ variable. You can change the value of this variable to alter the
+ result of the `user-full-name' function.
+
+ - Function: user-full-name &optional user
+ This function returns the full name of USER. If USER is `nil', it
+ defaults to the user running this Emacs. In that case, the value
+ of `user-full-name' variable, if non-`nil', will be used.
+
+ If USER is specified explicitly, `user-full-name' variable is
+ ignored.
+
+ (user-full-name)
+ => "Hrvoje Niksic"
+ (setq user-full-name "Hrvoje \"Niksa\" Niksic")
+ (user-full-name)
+ => "Hrvoje \"Niksa\" Niksic"
+ (user-full-name "hniksic")
+ => "Hrvoje Niksic"
+
+ The symbols `user-login-name', `user-real-login-name' and
+`user-full-name' are variables as well as functions. The functions
+return the same values that the variables hold. These variables allow
+you to "fake out" Emacs by telling the functions what to return. The
+variables are also useful for constructing frame titles (*note Frame
+Titles::).
+
+ - Function: user-real-uid
+ This function returns the real UID of the user.
+
+ (user-real-uid)
+ => 19
+
+ - Function: user-uid
+ This function returns the effective UID of the user.
+
+ - Function: user-home-directory
+ This function returns the "`HOME'" directory of the user, and is
+ intended to replace occurrences of "`(getenv "HOME")'". Under
+ Unix systems, the following is done:
+
+ 1. Return the value of "`(getenv "HOME")'", if set.
+
+ 2. Return "/", as a fallback, but issue a warning. (Future
+ versions of XEmacs will also attempt to lookup the `HOME'
+ directory via `getpwent()', but this has not yet been
+ implemented.)
+
+ Under MS Windows, this is done:
+
+ 1. Return the value of "`(getenv "HOME")'", if set.
+
+ 2. If the environment variables `HOMEDRIVE' and `HOMEDIR' are
+ both set, return the concatenation (the following description
+ uses MS Windows environment variable substitution syntax):
+ `%HOMEDRIVE%%HOMEDIR%'.
+
+ 3. Return "C:\", as a fallback, but issue a warning.
+
+\1f
+File: lispref.info, Node: Time of Day, Next: Time Conversion, Prev: User Identification, Up: System Interface
+
+Time of Day
+===========
+
+ This section explains how to determine the current time and the time
+zone.
+
+ - Function: current-time-string &optional time-value
+ This function returns the current time and date as a
+ humanly-readable string. The format of the string is unvarying;
+ the number of characters used for each part is always the same, so
+ you can reliably use `substring' to extract pieces of it. It is
+ wise to count the characters from the beginning of the string
+ rather than from the end, as additional information may be added
+ at the end.
+
+ The argument TIME-VALUE, if given, specifies a time to format
+ instead of the current time. The argument should be a list whose
+ first two elements are integers. Thus, you can use times obtained
+ from `current-time' (see below) and from `file-attributes' (*note
+ File Attributes::).
+
+ (current-time-string)
+ => "Wed Oct 14 22:21:05 1987"
+
+ - Function: current-time
+ This function returns the system's time value as a list of three
+ integers: `(HIGH LOW MICROSEC)'. The integers HIGH and LOW
+ combine to give the number of seconds since 0:00 January 1, 1970,
+ which is HIGH * 2**16 + LOW.
+
+ The third element, MICROSEC, gives the microseconds since the
+ start of the current second (or 0 for systems that return time
+ only on the resolution of a second).
+
+ The first two elements can be compared with file time values such
+ as you get with the function `file-attributes'. *Note File
+ Attributes::.
+
+ - Function: current-time-zone &optional time-value
+ This function returns a list describing the time zone that the
+ user is in.
+
+ The value has the form `(OFFSET NAME)'. Here OFFSET is an integer
+ giving the number of seconds ahead of UTC (east of Greenwich). A
+ negative value means west of Greenwich. The second element, NAME
+ is a string giving the name of the time zone. Both elements
+ change when daylight savings time begins or ends; if the user has
+ specified a time zone that does not use a seasonal time
+ adjustment, then the value is constant through time.
+
+ If the operating system doesn't supply all the information
+ necessary to compute the value, both elements of the list are
+ `nil'.
+
+ The argument TIME-VALUE, if given, specifies a time to analyze
+ instead of the current time. The argument should be a cons cell
+ containing two integers, or a list whose first two elements are
+ integers. Thus, you can use times obtained from `current-time'
+ (see above) and from `file-attributes' (*note File Attributes::).
+
+\1f
+File: lispref.info, Node: Time Conversion, Next: Timers, Prev: Time of Day, Up: System Interface
+
+Time Conversion
+===============
+
+ These functions convert time values (lists of two or three integers)
+to strings or to calendrical information. There is also a function to
+convert calendrical information to a time value. You can get time
+values from the functions `current-time' (*note Time of Day::) and
+`file-attributes' (*note File Attributes::).
+
+ - Function: format-time-string format-string &optional time
+ This function converts TIME to a string according to
+ FORMAT-STRING. If TIME is omitted, it defaults to the current
+ time. The argument FORMAT-STRING may contain `%'-sequences which
+ say to substitute parts of the time. Here is a table of what the
+ `%'-sequences mean:
+
+ `%a'
+ This stands for the abbreviated name of the day of week.
+
+ `%A'
+ This stands for the full name of the day of week.
+
+ `%b'
+ This stands for the abbreviated name of the month.
+
+ `%B'
+ This stands for the full name of the month.
+
+ `%c'
+ This is a synonym for `%x %X'.
+
+ `%C'
+ This has a locale-specific meaning. In the default locale
+ (named C), it is equivalent to `%A, %B %e, %Y'.
+
+ `%d'
+ This stands for the day of month, zero-padded.
+
+ `%D'
+ This is a synonym for `%m/%d/%y'.
+
+ `%e'
+ This stands for the day of month, blank-padded.
+
+ `%h'
+ This is a synonym for `%b'.
+
+ `%H'
+ This stands for the hour (00-23).
+
+ `%I'
+ This stands for the hour (00-12).
+
+ `%j'
+ This stands for the day of the year (001-366).
+
+ `%k'
+ This stands for the hour (0-23), blank padded.
+
+ `%l'
+ This stands for the hour (1-12), blank padded.
+
+ `%m'
+ This stands for the month (01-12).
+
+ `%M'
+ This stands for the minute (00-59).
+
+ `%n'
+ This stands for a newline.
+
+ `%p'
+ This stands for `AM' or `PM', as appropriate.
+
+ `%r'
+ This is a synonym for `%I:%M:%S %p'.
+
+ `%R'
+ This is a synonym for `%H:%M'.
+
+ `%S'
+ This stands for the seconds (00-60).
+
+ `%t'
+ This stands for a tab character.
+
+ `%T'
+ This is a synonym for `%H:%M:%S'.
+
+ `%U'
+ This stands for the week of the year (01-52), assuming that
+ weeks start on Sunday.
+
+ `%w'
+ This stands for the numeric day of week (0-6). Sunday is day
+ 0.
+
+ `%W'
+ This stands for the week of the year (01-52), assuming that
+ weeks start on Monday.
+
+ `%x'
+ This has a locale-specific meaning. In the default locale
+ (named C), it is equivalent to `%D'.
+
+ `%X'
+ This has a locale-specific meaning. In the default locale
+ (named C), it is equivalent to `%T'.
+
+ `%y'
+ This stands for the year without century (00-99).
+
+ `%Y'
+ This stands for the year with century.
+
+ `%Z'
+ This stands for the time zone abbreviation.
+
+ - Function: decode-time &optional specified-time
+ This function converts a time value into calendrical information.
+ The optional SPECIFIED-TIME should be a list of (HIGH LOW .
+ IGNORED) or (HIGH . LOW), as from `current-time' and
+ `file-attributes', or `nil' to use the current time.
+
+ The return value is a list of nine elements, as follows:
+
+ (SECONDS MINUTES HOUR DAY MONTH YEAR DOW DST ZONE)
+
+ Here is what the elements mean:
+
+ SEC
+ The number of seconds past the minute, as an integer between
+ 0 and 59.
+
+ MINUTE
+ The number of minutes past the hour, as an integer between 0
+ and 59.
+
+ HOUR
+ The hour of the day, as an integer between 0 and 23.
+
+ DAY
+ The day of the month, as an integer between 1 and 31.
+
+ MONTH
+ The month of the year, as an integer between 1 and 12.
+
+ YEAR
+ The year, an integer typically greater than 1900.
+
+ DOW
+ The day of week, as an integer between 0 and 6, where 0
+ stands for Sunday.
+
+ DST
+ `t' if daylight savings time is effect, otherwise `nil'.
+
+ ZONE
+ An integer indicating the time zone, as the number of seconds
+ east of Greenwich.
+
+ Note that Common Lisp has different meanings for DOW and ZONE.
+
+ - Function: encode-time seconds minutes hour day month year &optional
+ zone
+ This function is the inverse of `decode-time'. It converts seven
+ items of calendrical data into a time value. For the meanings of
+ the arguments, see the table above under `decode-time'.
+
+ Year numbers less than 100 are treated just like other year
+ numbers. If you want them to stand for years above 1900, you must
+ alter them yourself before you call `encode-time'.
+
+ The optional argument ZONE defaults to the current time zone and
+ its daylight savings time rules. If specified, it can be either a
+ list (as you would get from `current-time-zone') or an integer (as
+ you would get from `decode-time'). The specified zone is used
+ without any further alteration for daylight savings time.
+
+\1f
+File: lispref.info, Node: Timers, Next: Terminal Input, Prev: Time Conversion, Up: System Interface
+
+Timers for Delayed Execution
+============================
+
+ You can set up a timer to call a function at a specified future time.
+
+ - Function: add-timeout secs function object &optional resignal
+ This function adds a timeout, to be signaled after the timeout
+ period has elapsed. SECS is a number of seconds, expressed as an
+ integer or a float. FUNCTION will be called after that many
+ seconds have elapsed, with one argument, the given OBJECT. If the
+ optional RESIGNAL argument is provided, then after this timeout
+ expires, `add-timeout' will automatically be called again with
+ RESIGNAL as the first argument.
+
+ This function returns an object which is the "id" of this
+ particular timeout. You can pass that object to `disable-timeout'
+ to turn off the timeout before it has been signalled.
+
+ The number of seconds may be expressed as a floating-point number,
+ in which case some fractional part of a second will be used.
+ Caveat: the usable timeout granularity will vary from system to
+ system.
+
+ Adding a timeout causes a timeout event to be returned by
+ `next-event', and the function will be invoked by
+ `dispatch-event', so if XEmacs is in a tight loop, the function
+ will not be invoked until the next call to sit-for or until the
+ return to top-level (the same is true of process filters).
+
+ WARNING: if you are thinking of calling add-timeout from inside of
+ a callback function as a way of resignalling a timeout, think
+ again. There is a race condition. That's why the RESIGNAL
+ argument exists.
+
+ (NOTE: In FSF Emacs, this function is called `run-at-time' and has
+ different semantics.)
+
+ - Function: disable-timeout id
+ Cancel the requested action for ID, which should be a value
+ previously returned by `add-timeout'. This cancels the effect of
+ that call to `add-timeout'; the arrival of the specified time will
+ not cause anything special to happen. (NOTE: In FSF Emacs, this
+ function is called `cancel-timer'.)
+
+\1f
+File: lispref.info, Node: Terminal Input, Next: Terminal Output, Prev: Timers, Up: System Interface
+
+Terminal Input
+==============
+
+ This section describes functions and variables for recording or
+manipulating terminal input. See *Note Display::, for related
+functions.
+
+* Menu:
+
+* Input Modes:: Options for how input is processed.
+* Translating Input:: Low level conversion of some characters or events
+ into others.
+* Recording Input:: Saving histories of recent or all input events.
+
+\1f
File: lispref.info, Node: Input Modes, Next: Translating Input, Up: Terminal Input
Input Modes
-----------
- - Function: set-input-mode interrupt flow meta quit-char
+ - Function: set-input-mode interrupt flow meta &optional quit-char
+ console
This function sets the mode for reading keyboard input. If
INTERRUPT is non-null, then XEmacs uses input interrupts. If it is
`nil', then it uses CBREAK mode. When XEmacs communicates
The `current-input-mode' function returns the input mode settings
XEmacs is currently using.
- - Function: current-input-mode
+ - Function: current-input-mode &optional console
This function returns current mode for reading keyboard input. It
returns a list, corresponding to the arguments of `set-input-mode',
of the form `(INTERRUPT FLOW META QUIT)' in which:
makes decisions that are less than optimal. To fix the problem, use
`set-device-baud-rate'.
- - Function: set-device-baud-rate &optional device
+ - Function: set-device-baud-rate device baud-rate
This function sets the output speed of DEVICE. See
`device-baud-rate'. DEVICE defaults to the selected device
- (usually the only device) if omitted.
+ (usually the only device) if `nil'.
- Function: send-string-to-terminal char-or-string &optional stdout-p
device
XEmacs provides a convenient way of enabling flow control if you want
it: call the function `enable-flow-control'.
- - Function: enable-flow-control
+ - Command: enable-flow-control &optional argument
This function enables use of `C-s' and `C-q' for output flow
control, and provides the characters `C-\' and `C-^' as aliases
for them using `keyboard-translate-table' (*note Translating
Input::).
+ With optional argument ARGUMENT (interactively the prefix
+ argument), enable flow control mode if ARGUMENT is positive; else
+ disable it.
+
You can use the function `enable-flow-control-on' in your `.emacs'
file to enable flow control automatically on certain terminal types.
This function returns the contents of cut buffer number N. (This
function is called `x-get-cut-buffer' in FSF Emacs.)
- - Function: x-store-cutbuffer string
+ - Function: x-store-cutbuffer string &optional push
This function stores STRING into the first cut buffer (cut buffer
- 0), moving the other values down through the series of cut buffers,
- kill-ring-style. (This function is called `x-set-cut-buffer' in FSF
- Emacs.)
+ 0).
+
+ Normally, the contents of the first cut buffer are simply replaced
+ by STRING. However, if optional argument PUSH is non-`nil', the
+ cut buffers are rotated. This means that the previous value of
+ the first cut buffer moves to the second cut buffer, and the
+ second to the third, and so on, moving the other values down
+ through the series of cut buffers, kill-ring-style. There are 8
+ cut buffers altogether.
+
+ Cut buffers are considered obsolete; you should use selections
+ instead.
+
+ This function has no effect if support for cut buffers was not
+ compiled in.
+
+ This function is called `x-set-cut-buffer' in FSF Emacs.
\1f
File: lispref.info, Node: X Server, Next: X Miscellaneous, Prev: X Selections, Up: X-Windows
XEmacs is dumped, or by setting it in the file
`lisp/term/x-win.el'.
- By default, this variable is nil at startup. When the connection
+ By default, this variable is `nil' at startup. When the connection
to the X server is first initialized, the X resource database will
be consulted and the value will be set according to whether any
resources are found for the application class "XEmacs".
(Note that this is different from previous versions of XEmacs,
which returned `StaticGray', `GrayScale', etc.)
-\1f
-File: lispref.info, Node: Grabs, Prev: Server Data, Up: X Server
-
-Restricting Access to the Server by Other Apps
-----------------------------------------------
-
- - Function: x-grab-keyboard &optional device
- This function grabs the keyboard on the given device (defaulting
- to the selected one). So long as the keyboard is grabbed, all
- keyboard events will be delivered to XEmacs--it is not possible
- for other X clients to eavesdrop on them. Ungrab the keyboard
- with `x-ungrab-keyboard' (use an `unwind-protect'). Returns `t'
- if the grab was successful; `nil' otherwise.
-
- - Function: x-ungrab-keyboard &optional device
- This function releases a keyboard grab made with `x-grab-keyboard'.
-
- - Function: x-grab-pointer &optional device cursor ignore-keyboard
- This function grabs the pointer and restricts it to its current
- window. If optional DEVICE argument is `nil', the selected device
- will be used. If optional CURSOR argument is non-`nil', change
- the pointer shape to that until `x-ungrab-pointer' is called (it
- should be an object returned by the `make-cursor' function). If
- the second optional argument IGNORE-KEYBOARD is non-`nil', ignore
- all keyboard events during the grab. Returns `t' if the grab is
- successful, `nil' otherwise.
-
- - Function: x-ungrab-pointer &optional device
- This function releases a pointer grab made with `x-grab-pointer'.
- If optional first arg DEVICE is `nil' the selected device is used.
- If it is `t' the pointer will be released on all X devices.
-
-\1f
-File: lispref.info, Node: X Miscellaneous, Prev: X Server, Up: X-Windows
-
-Miscellaneous X Functions and Variables
-=======================================
-
- - Variable: x-bitmap-file-path
- This variable holds a list of the directories in which X bitmap
- files may be found. If `nil', this is initialized from the
- `"*bitmapFilePath"' resource. This is used by the
- `make-image-instance' function (however, note that if the
- environment variable `XBMLANGPATH' is set, it is consulted first).
-
- - Variable: x-library-search-path
- This variable holds the search path used by `read-color' to find
- `rgb.txt'.
-
- - Function: x-valid-keysym-name-p keysym
- This function returns true if KEYSYM names a keysym that the X
- library knows about. Valid keysyms are listed in the files
- `/usr/include/X11/keysymdef.h' and in `/usr/lib/X11/XKeysymDB', or
- whatever the equivalents are on your system.
-
- - Function: x-window-id &optional frame
- This function returns the ID of the X11 window. This gives us a
- chance to manipulate the Emacs window from within a different
- program. Since the ID is an unsigned long, we return it as a
- string.
-
- - Variable: x-allow-sendevents
- If non-`nil', synthetic events are allowed. `nil' means they are
- ignored. Beware: allowing XEmacs to process SendEvents opens a
- big security hole.
-
- - Function: x-debug-mode arg &optional device
- With a true arg, make the connection to the X server synchronous.
- With false, make it asynchronous. Synchronous connections are
- much slower, but are useful for debugging. (If you get X errors,
- make the connection synchronous, and use a debugger to set a
- breakpoint on `x_error_handler'. Your backtrace of the C stack
- will now be useful. In asynchronous mode, the stack above
- `x_error_handler' isn't helpful because of buffering.) If DEVICE
- is not specified, the selected device is assumed.
-
- Calling this function is the same as calling the C function
- `XSynchronize', or starting the program with the `-sync' command
- line argument.
-
- - Variable: x-debug-events
- If non-zero, debug information about events that XEmacs sees is
- displayed. Information is displayed on stderr. Currently defined
- values are:
-
- * 1 == non-verbose output
-
- * 2 == verbose output
-
-\1f
-File: lispref.info, Node: ToolTalk Support, Next: LDAP Support, Prev: X-Windows, Up: Top
-
-ToolTalk Support
-****************
-
-* Menu:
-
-* XEmacs ToolTalk API Summary::
-* Sending Messages::
-* Receiving Messages::
-
-\1f
-File: lispref.info, Node: XEmacs ToolTalk API Summary, Next: Sending Messages, Up: ToolTalk Support
-
-XEmacs ToolTalk API Summary
-===========================
-
- The XEmacs Lisp interface to ToolTalk is similar, at least in spirit,
-to the standard C ToolTalk API. Only the message and pattern parts of
-the API are supported at present; more of the API could be added if
-needed. The Lisp interface departs from the C API in a few ways:
-
- * ToolTalk is initialized automatically at XEmacs startup-time.
- Messages can only be sent other ToolTalk applications connected to
- the same X11 server that XEmacs is running on.
-
- * There are fewer entry points; polymorphic functions with keyword
- arguments are used instead.
-
- * The callback interface is simpler and marginally less functional.
- A single callback may be associated with a message or a pattern;
- the callback is specified with a Lisp symbol (the symbol should
- have a function binding).
-
- * The session attribute for messages and patterns is always
- initialized to the default session.
-
- * Anywhere a ToolTalk enum constant, e.g. `TT_SESSION', is valid, one
- can substitute the corresponding symbol, e.g. `'TT_SESSION'. This
- simplifies building lists that represent messages and patterns.
-
-\1f
-File: lispref.info, Node: Sending Messages, Next: Receiving Messages, Prev: XEmacs ToolTalk API Summary, Up: ToolTalk Support
-
-Sending Messages
-================
-
-* Menu:
-
-* Example of Sending Messages::
-* Elisp Interface for Sending Messages::
-
-\1f
-File: lispref.info, Node: Example of Sending Messages, Next: Elisp Interface for Sending Messages, Up: Sending Messages
-
-Example of Sending Messages
----------------------------
-
- Here's a simple example that sends a query to another application
-and then displays its reply. Both the query and the reply are stored
-in the first argument of the message.
-
- (defun tooltalk-random-query-handler (msg)
- (let ((state (get-tooltalk-message-attribute msg 'state)))
- (cond
- ((eq state 'TT_HANDLED)
- (message (get-tooltalk-message-attribute msg arg_val 0)))
- ((memq state '(TT_FAILED TT_REJECTED))
- (message "Random query turns up nothing")))))
-
- (defvar random-query-message
- '( class TT_REQUEST
- scope TT_SESSION
- address TT_PROCEDURE
- op "random-query"
- args '((TT_INOUT "?" "string"))
- callback tooltalk-random-query-handler))
-
- (let ((m (make-tooltalk-message random-query-message)))
- (send-tooltalk-message m))
-
-\1f
-File: lispref.info, Node: Elisp Interface for Sending Messages, Prev: Example of Sending Messages, Up: Sending Messages
-
-Elisp Interface for Sending Messages
-------------------------------------
-
- - Function: make-tooltalk-message attributes
- Create a ToolTalk message and initialize its attributes. The
- value of ATTRIBUTES must be a list of alternating keyword/values,
- where keywords are symbols that name valid message attributes.
- For example:
-
- (make-tooltalk-message
- '(class TT_NOTICE
- scope TT_SESSION
- address TT_PROCEDURE
- op "do-something"
- args ("arg1" 12345 (TT_INOUT "arg3" "string"))))
-
- Values must always be strings, integers, or symbols that represent
- ToolTalk constants. Attribute names are the same as those
- supported by `set-tooltalk-message-attribute', plus `args'.
-
- The value of `args' should be a list of message arguments where
- each message argument has the following form:
-
- `(mode [value [type]])' or just `value'
-
- Where MODE is one of `TT_IN', `TT_OUT', or `TT_INOUT' and TYPE is
- a string. If TYPE isn't specified then `int' is used if VALUE is
- a number; otherwise `string' is used. If TYPE is `string' then
- VALUE is converted to a string (if it isn't a string already) with
- `prin1-to-string'. If only a value is specified then MODE
- defaults to `TT_IN'. If MODE is `TT_OUT' then VALUE and TYPE
- don't need to be specified. You can find out more about the
- semantics and uses of ToolTalk message arguments in chapter 4 of
- the `ToolTalk Programmer's Guide'.
-
-
- - Function: send-tooltalk-message msg
- Send the message on its way. Once the message has been sent it's
- almost always a good idea to get rid of it with
- `destroy-tooltalk-message'.
-
-
- - Function: return-tooltalk-message msg &optional mode
- Send a reply to this message. The second argument can be `reply',
- `reject' or `fail'; the default is `reply'. Before sending a
- reply, all message arguments whose mode is `TT_INOUT' or `TT_OUT'
- should have been filled in--see `set-tooltalk-message-attribute'.
-
-
- - Function: get-tooltalk-message-attribute msg attribute &optional argn
- Returns the indicated ToolTalk message attribute. Attributes are
- identified by symbols with the same name (underscores and all) as
- the suffix of the ToolTalk `tt_message_<attribute>' function that
- extracts the value. String attribute values are copied and
- enumerated type values (except disposition) are converted to
- symbols; e.g. `TT_HANDLER' is `'TT_HANDLER', `uid' and `gid' are
- represented by fixnums (small integers), `opnum' is converted to a
- string, and `disposition' is converted to a fixnum. We convert
- `opnum' (a C int) to a string (e.g. `123' => `"123"') because
- there's no guarantee that opnums will fit within the range of
- XEmacs Lisp integers.
-
- [TBD] Use the `plist' attribute instead of C API `user' attribute
- for user-defined message data. To retrieve the value of a message
- property, specify the indicator for ARGN. For example, to get the
- value of a property called `rflag', use
-
- (get-tooltalk-message-attribute msg 'plist 'rflag)
-
- To get the value of a message argument use one of the `arg_val'
- (strings), `arg_ival' (integers), or `arg_bval' (strings with
- embedded nulls), attributes. For example, to get the integer
- value of the third argument:
-
- (get-tooltalk-message-attribute msg 'arg_ival 2)
-
- As you can see, argument numbers are zero-based. The type of each
- arguments can be retrieved with the `arg_type' attribute; however
- ToolTalk doesn't define any semantics for the string value of
- `arg_type'. Conventionally `string' is used for strings and `int'
- for 32 bit integers. Note that XEmacs Lisp stores the lengths of
- strings explicitly (unlike C) so treating the value returned by
- `arg_bval' like a string is fine.
-
-
- - Function: set-tooltalk-message-attribute value msg attribute
- &optional argn
- Initialize one ToolTalk message attribute.
-
- Attribute names and values are the same as for
- `get-tooltalk-message-attribute'. A property list is provided for
- user data (instead of the `user' message attribute); see
- `get-tooltalk-message-attribute'.
-
- Callbacks are handled slightly differently than in the C ToolTalk
- API. The value of CALLBACK should be the name of a function of one
- argument. It will be called each time the state of the message
- changes. This is usually used to notice when the message's state
- has changed to `TT_HANDLED' (or `TT_FAILED'), so that reply
- argument values can be used.
-
- If one of the argument attributes is specified as `arg_val',
- `arg_ival', or `arg_bval', then ARGN must be the number of an
- already created argument. Arguments can be added to a message
- with `add-tooltalk-message-arg'.
-
-
- - Function: add-tooltalk-message-arg msg mode type &optional value
- Append one new argument to the message. MODE must be one of
- `TT_IN', `TT_INOUT', or `TT_OUT', TYPE must be a string, and VALUE
- can be a string or an integer. ToolTalk doesn't define any
- semantics for TYPE, so only the participants in the protocol
- you're using need to agree what types mean (if anything).
- Conventionally `string' is used for strings and `int' for 32 bit
- integers. Arguments can initialized by providing a value or with
- `set-tooltalk-message-attribute'; the latter is necessary if you
- want to initialize the argument with a string that can contain
- embedded nulls (use `arg_bval').
-
-
- - Function: create-tooltalk-message
- Create a new ToolTalk message. The message's session attribute is
- initialized to the default session. Other attributes can be
- initialized with `set-tooltalk-message-attribute'.
- `make-tooltalk-message' is the preferred way to create and
- initialize a message.
-
-
- - Function: destroy-tooltalk-message msg
- Apply `tt_message_destroy' to the message. It's not necessary to
- destroy messages after they've been processed by a message or
- pattern callback, the Lisp/ToolTalk callback machinery does this
- for you.
-
-\1f
-File: lispref.info, Node: Receiving Messages, Prev: Sending Messages, Up: ToolTalk Support
-
-Receiving Messages
-==================
-
-* Menu:
-
-* Example of Receiving Messages::
-* Elisp Interface for Receiving Messages::
-
-\1f
-File: lispref.info, Node: Example of Receiving Messages, Next: Elisp Interface for Receiving Messages, Up: Receiving Messages
-
-Example of Receiving Messages
------------------------------
-
- Here's a simple example of a handler for a message that tells XEmacs
-to display a string in the mini-buffer area. The message operation is
-called `emacs-display-string'. Its first (0th) argument is the string
-to display.
-
- (defun tooltalk-display-string-handler (msg)
- (message (get-tooltalk-message-attribute msg 'arg_val 0)))
-
- (defvar display-string-pattern
- '(category TT_HANDLE
- scope TT_SESSION
- op "emacs-display-string"
- callback tooltalk-display-string-handler))
-
- (let ((p (make-tooltalk-pattern display-string-pattern)))
- (register-tooltalk-pattern p))
-
-\1f
-File: lispref.info, Node: Elisp Interface for Receiving Messages, Prev: Example of Receiving Messages, Up: Receiving Messages
-
-Elisp Interface for Receiving Messages
---------------------------------------
-
- - Function: make-tooltalk-pattern attributes
- Create a ToolTalk pattern and initialize its attributes. The
- value of attributes must be a list of alternating keyword/values,
- where keywords are symbols that name valid pattern attributes or
- lists of valid attributes. For example:
-
- (make-tooltalk-pattern
- '(category TT_OBSERVE
- scope TT_SESSION
- op ("operation1" "operation2")
- args ("arg1" 12345 (TT_INOUT "arg3" "string"))))
-
- Attribute names are the same as those supported by
- `add-tooltalk-pattern-attribute', plus `'args'.
-
- Values must always be strings, integers, or symbols that represent
- ToolTalk constants or lists of same. When a list of values is
- provided all of the list elements are added to the attribute. In
- the example above, messages whose `op' attribute is `"operation1"'
- or `"operation2"' would match the pattern.
-
- The value of ARGS should be a list of pattern arguments where each
- pattern argument has the following form:
-
- `(mode [value [type]])' or just `value'
-
- Where MODE is one of `TT_IN', `TT_OUT', or `TT_INOUT' and TYPE is
- a string. If TYPE isn't specified then `int' is used if VALUE is
- a number; otherwise `string' is used. If TYPE is `string' then
- VALUE is converted to a string (if it isn't a string already) with
- `prin1-to-string'. If only a value is specified then MODE
- defaults to `TT_IN'. If MODE is `TT_OUT' then VALUE and TYPE
- don't need to be specified. You can find out more about the
- semantics and uses of ToolTalk pattern arguments in chapter 3 of
- the `ToolTalk Programmer's Guide'.
-
-
- - Function: register-tooltalk-pattern pat
- XEmacs will begin receiving messages that match this pattern.
-
- - Function: unregister-tooltalk-pattern pat
- XEmacs will stop receiving messages that match this pattern.
-
- - Function: add-tooltalk-pattern-attribute value pat indicator
- Add one value to the indicated pattern attribute. The names of
- attributes are the same as the ToolTalk accessors used to set them
- less the `tooltalk_pattern_' prefix and the `_add' suffix. For
- example, the name of the attribute for the
- `tt_pattern_disposition_add' attribute is `disposition'. The
- `category' attribute is handled specially, since a pattern can only
- be a member of one category (`TT_OBSERVE' or `TT_HANDLE').
-
- Callbacks are handled slightly differently than in the C ToolTalk
- API. The value of CALLBACK should be the name of a function of one
- argument. It will be called each time the pattern matches an
- incoming message.
-
- - Function: add-tooltalk-pattern-arg pat mode type value
- Add one fully-specified argument to a ToolTalk pattern. MODE must
- be one of `TT_IN', `TT_INOUT', or `TT_OUT'. TYPE must be a
- string. VALUE can be an integer, string or `nil'. If VALUE is an
- integer then an integer argument (`tt_pattern_iarg_add') is added;
- otherwise a string argument is added. At present there's no way
- to add a binary data argument.
-
-
- - Function: create-tooltalk-pattern
- Create a new ToolTalk pattern and initialize its session attribute
- to be the default session.
-
- - Function: destroy-tooltalk-pattern pat
- Apply `tt_pattern_destroy' to the pattern. This effectively
- unregisters the pattern.
-
- - Function: describe-tooltalk-message msg &optional stream
- Print the message's attributes and arguments to STREAM. This is
- often useful for debugging.
-
-\1f
-File: lispref.info, Node: LDAP Support, Next: PostgreSQL Support, Prev: ToolTalk Support, Up: Top
-
-LDAP Support
-************
-
- XEmacs can be linked with a LDAP client library to provide Elisp
-primitives to access directory servers using the Lightweight Directory
-Access Protocol.
-
-* Menu:
-
-* Building XEmacs with LDAP support:: How to add LDAP support to XEmacs
-* XEmacs LDAP API:: Lisp access to LDAP functions
-* Syntax of Search Filters:: A brief summary of RFC 1558
-
-\1f
-File: lispref.info, Node: Building XEmacs with LDAP support, Next: XEmacs LDAP API, Prev: LDAP Support, Up: LDAP Support
-
-Building XEmacs with LDAP support
-=================================
-
- LDAP support must be added to XEmacs at build time since it requires
-linking to an external LDAP client library. As of 21.2, XEmacs has been
-successfully built and tested with
-
- * OpenLDAP 1.2 (<http://www.openldap.org/>)
-
- * University of Michigan's LDAP 3.3
- (<http://www.umich.edu/~dirsvcs/ldap/>)
-
- * LDAP SDK 1.0 from Netscape Corp. (<http://developer.netscape.com/>)
-
- Other libraries conforming to RFC 1823 will probably work also but
-may require some minor tweaking at C level.
-
- The standard XEmacs configure script auto-detects an installed LDAP
-library provided the library itself and the corresponding header files
-can be found in the library and include paths. A successful detection
-will be signalled in the final output of the configure script.
-
-\1f
-File: lispref.info, Node: XEmacs LDAP API, Next: Syntax of Search Filters, Prev: Building XEmacs with LDAP support, Up: LDAP Support
-
-XEmacs LDAP API
-===============
-
- XEmacs LDAP API consists of two layers: a low-level layer which
-tries to stay as close as possible to the C API (where practical) and a
-higher-level layer which provides more convenient primitives to
-effectively use LDAP.
-
- The low-level API should be used directly for very specific purposes
-(such as multiple operations on a connection) only. The higher-level
-functions provide a more convenient way to access LDAP directories
-hiding the subtleties of handling the connection, translating arguments
-and ensuring compliance with LDAP internationalization rules and formats
-(currently partly implemented only).
-
-* Menu:
-
-* LDAP Variables:: Lisp variables related to LDAP
-* The High-Level LDAP API:: High-level LDAP lisp functions
-* The Low-Level LDAP API:: Low-level LDAP lisp primitives
-* LDAP Internationalization:: I18n variables and functions
-
projects / chise / xemacs-chise.git / blobdiff