-This is Info file ../info/texinfo.info, produced by Makeinfo version
-1.68 from the input file texinfo.texi.
+This is ../info/texinfo.info, produced by makeinfo version 4.0 from
+texinfo.texi.
INFO-DIR-SECTION Texinfo documentation system
START-INFO-DIR-ENTRY
* Texinfo: (texinfo). The GNU documentation format.
-* install-info: (texinfo)Invoking install-info. Updating info/dir entries.
-* texi2dvi: (texinfo)Format with texi2dvi. Printing Texinfo documentation.
-* texindex: (texinfo)Format with tex/texindex. Sorting Texinfo index files.
+* install-info: (texinfo)Invoking install-info. Update info/dir entries.
+* texi2dvi: (texinfo)Format with texi2dvi. Print Texinfo documents.
+* texindex: (texinfo)Format with tex/texindex. Sort Texinfo index files.
* makeinfo: (texinfo)makeinfo Preferred. Translate Texinfo source.
END-INFO-DIR-ENTRY
This file documents Texinfo, a documentation system that can produce
-both on-line information and a printed manual from a single source file.
+both online information and a printed manual from a single source file.
- Copyright (C) 1988, 90, 91, 92, 93, 95, 96, 97, 98 Free Software
+ Copyright (C) 1988, 90, 91, 92, 93, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99 Free Software
Foundation, Inc.
- This edition is for Texinfo version 3.12.
+ This edition is for Texinfo version 4.0, 28 September 1999.
Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of this
manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice are
translation approved by the Free Software Foundation.
\1f
-File: texinfo.info, Node: Top, Next: Copying, Prev: (dir), Up: (dir)
+File: texinfo.info, Node: Top, Next: Copying, Up: (dir)
Texinfo
*******
Texinfo is a documentation system that uses a single source file to
-produce both on-line information and printed output.
+produce both online information and printed output.
The first part of this master menu lists the major nodes in this Info
document, including the @-command and concept indices. The rest of the
menu lists all the lower level nodes in the document.
- This is Edition 3.12 of the Texinfo documentation, 27 February 1998.
+ This is Edition 4.0 of the Texinfo manual, updated 28 September 1999.
* Menu:
* Breaks:: How to force and prevent line and page breaks.
* Definition Commands:: How to describe functions and the like
in a uniform manner.
-* Footnotes:: How to write footnotes.
* Conditionals:: How to specify text for either TeX or Info.
-* Macros:: Defining new Texinfo commands.
-* Format/Print Hardcopy:: How to convert a Texinfo file to a file
+* Internationalization::
+* Defining New Texinfo Commands::
+* Hardcopy:: How to convert a Texinfo file to a file
for printing and how to print that file.
-* Create an Info File:: Convert a Texinfo file into an Info file.
-* Install an Info File:: Make an Info file accessible to users.
+* Creating and Installing Info Files::
* Command List:: All the Texinfo @-commands.
* Tips:: Hints on how to write a Texinfo document.
* Sample Texinfo File:: A sample Texinfo file to look at.
* Concept Index:: A menu covering many topics.
- -- The Detailed Node Listing --
+ --- The Detailed Node Listing ---
Overview of Texinfo
-* Using Texinfo:: Create a conventional printed book
- or an Info file.
+* Reporting Bugs:: Submitting effective bug reports.
+* Using Texinfo:: Create printed or online output.
* Info Files:: What is an Info file?
* Printed Books:: Characteristics of a printed book or manual.
* Formatting Commands:: @-commands are used for formatting.
* Conventions:: General rules for writing a Texinfo file.
-* Comments:: How to write comments and mark regions that
- the formatting commands will ignore.
+* Comments:: Writing comments and ignored text in general.
* Minimum:: What a Texinfo file must have.
* Six Parts:: Usually, a Texinfo file has six parts.
* Short Sample:: A short sample Texinfo file.
-* Acknowledgements::
+* Acknowledgements and History:: Contributors and genesis.
Using Texinfo Mode
* setfilename:: Tell Info the name of the Info file.
* settitle:: Create a title for the printed work.
* setchapternewpage:: Start chapters on right-hand pages.
-* paragraphindent:: An option to specify paragraph indentation.
+* paragraphindent:: Specify paragraph indentation.
+* exampleindent:: Specify environment indentation.
* End of Header:: Formatting a region requires this.
The Title and Copyright Pages
* Two Paths:: Different commands to structure
Info output and printed output.
* Node Menu Illustration:: A diagram, and sample nodes and menus.
-* node:: How to write a node, in detail.
-* makeinfo Pointer Creation:: How to create node pointers with `makeinfo'.
+* node:: Creating nodes, in detail.
+* makeinfo Pointer Creation:: Letting makeinfo determine node pointers.
+* anchor:: Defining arbitrary cross-reference targets.
The `@node' Command
Indicating Definitions, Commands, etc.
* Useful Highlighting:: Highlighting provides useful information.
-* code:: How to indicate code.
-* kbd:: How to show keyboard input.
-* key:: How to specify keys.
-* samp:: How to show a literal sequence of characters.
-* var:: How to indicate a metasyntactic variable.
-* file:: How to indicate the name of a file.
-* dfn:: How to specify a definition.
-* cite:: How to refer to a book that is not in Info.
-* url:: How to indicate a world wide web reference.
-* email:: How to indicate an electronic mail address.
+* code:: Indicating program code.
+* kbd:: Showing keyboard input.
+* key:: Specifying keys.
+* samp:: Showing a literal sequence of characters.
+* var:: Indicating metasyntactic variables.
+* env:: Indicating environment variables.
+* file:: Indicating file names.
+* command:: Indicating command names.
+* option:: Indicating option names.
+* dfn:: Specifying definitions.
+* cite:: Referring to books not in the Info system.
+* acronym:: Indicating acronyms.
+* url:: Indicating a World Wide Web reference.
+* email:: Indicating an electronic mail address.
Emphasizing Text
* emph & strong:: How to emphasize text in Texinfo.
* Smallcaps:: How to use the small caps font.
* Fonts:: Various font commands for printed output.
-* Customized Highlighting:: How to define highlighting commands.
Quotations and Examples
* quotation:: How to write a quotation.
* example:: How to write an example in a fixed-width font.
* noindent:: How to prevent paragraph indentation.
-* Lisp Example:: How to illustrate Lisp code.
-* smallexample & smalllisp:: Forms for the `@smallbook' option.
+* lisp:: How to illustrate Lisp code.
+* small:: Forms for `@smallbook'.
* display:: How to write an example in the current font.
* format:: How to write an example that does not narrow
the margins.
* Multitable Column Widths:: Defining multitable column widths.
* Multitable Rows:: Defining multitable rows, with examples.
-Creating Indices
+Indices
* Index Entries:: Choose different words for index entries.
* Predefined Indices:: Use different indices for different kinds
* math:: How to format a mathematical expression.
* Glyphs:: How to indicate results of evaluation,
expansion of macros, errors, etc.
+* Footnotes:: How to include footnotes.
* Images:: How to include graphics.
Inserting @ and Braces
* Equivalence::
* Point Glyph::
+Footnotes
+
+* Footnote Commands:: How to write a footnote in Texinfo.
+* Footnote Styles:: Controlling how footnotes appear in Info.
+
Making and Preventing Breaks
* Break Commands:: Cause and prevent splits.
* Abstract Objects:: Commands for object-oriented programming.
* Data Types:: The definition command for data types.
-Footnotes
-
-* Footnote Commands:: How to write a footnote in Texinfo.
-* Footnote Styles:: Controlling how footnotes appear in Info.
-
Conditionally Visible Text
* Conditional Commands:: Specifying text for HTML, Info, or TeX.
`@set', `@clear', and `@value'
* ifset ifclear:: Format a region if a flag is set.
-* value:: Replace a flag with a string.
+* set value:: Expand a flag variable to a string.
* value Example:: An easy way to update edition information.
-Macros: Defining New Texinfo Commands
+Internationalization
-* Defining Macros:: Both defining and undefining new commands.
+* documentlanguage:: Declaring the current language.
+* documentencoding:: Declaring the input encoding.
+
+Defining New Texinfo Commands
+
+* Defining Macros:: Defining and undefining new commands.
* Invoking Macros:: Using a macro, once you've defined it.
+* Macro Details:: Beyond basic macro usage.
+* alias:: Command aliases.
+* definfoenclose:: Customized highlighting.
-Format and Print Hardcopy
+Formatting and Printing Hardcopy
* Use TeX:: Use TeX to format for hardcopy.
-* Format with tex/texindex:: How to format in a shell.
-* Format with texi2dvi:: A simpler way to use the shell.
+* Format with tex/texindex:: How to format with explicit shell commands.
+* Format with texi2dvi:: A simpler way to format.
* Print with lpr:: How to print.
* Within Emacs:: How to format and print from an Emacs shell.
* Texinfo Mode Printing:: How to format and print in Texinfo mode.
* Compile-Command:: How to print using Emacs's compile command.
* Requirements Summary:: TeX formatting requirements summary.
-* Preparing for TeX:: What you need to do to use TeX.
+* Preparing for TeX:: What to do before you use TeX.
* Overfull hboxes:: What are and what to do with overfull hboxes.
* smallbook:: How to print small format books and manuals.
* A4 Paper:: How to print on European A4 paper.
+* pagesizes:: How to print with customized page sizes.
* Cropmarks and Magnification:: How to print marks to indicate the size
of pages and how to print scaled up output.
+* PDF Output:: Portable Document Format output.
+
+Creating and Installing Info Files
+
+* Creating an Info File::
+* Install an Info File::
Creating an Info File
* Batch Formatting:: How to format for Info in Emacs Batch mode.
* Tag and Split Files:: How tagged and split files help Info
to run better.
+* makeinfo html:: Generating HTML output.
Installing an Info File
-* Directory file:: The top level menu for all Info files.
+* Directory File:: The top level menu for all Info files.
* New Info File:: Listing a new info file.
* Other Info Directories:: How to specify Info files that are
located in other directories.
* Tagifying:: How to tagify a file.
* Splitting:: How to split a file manually.
-How to Obtain TeX
+ Documentation is like sex: when it is good, it is very, very good;
+ and when it is bad, it is better than nothing. --Dick Brandon
\1f
File: texinfo.info, Node: Copying, Next: Overview, Prev: Top, Up: Top
Overview of Texinfo
*******************
- "Texinfo"(1) (*note Overview-Footnotes::) is a documentation system
-that uses a single source file to produce both on-line information and
+ "Texinfo"(1) (*note Overview-Footnote-1::) is a documentation system
+that uses a single source file to produce both online information and
printed output. This means that instead of writing two different
-documents, one for the on-line help or other on-line information and
-the other for a typeset manual or other printed work, you need write
-only one document. When the work is revised, you need revise only one
-document. (You can read the on-line information, known as an "Info
-file", with an Info documentation-reading program.)
+documents, one for the online information and the other for a printed
+work, you need write only one document. Therefore, when the work is
+revised, you need revise only that one document.
* Menu:
-* Using Texinfo:: Create a conventional printed book
- or an Info file.
+* Reporting Bugs:: Submitting effective bug reports.
+* Using Texinfo:: Create printed or online output.
* Info Files:: What is an Info file?
* Printed Books:: Characteristics of a printed book or manual.
* Formatting Commands:: @-commands are used for formatting.
* Conventions:: General rules for writing a Texinfo file.
-* Comments:: How to write comments and mark regions that
- the formatting commands will ignore.
+* Comments:: Writing comments and ignored text in general.
* Minimum:: What a Texinfo file must have.
* Six Parts:: Usually, a Texinfo file has six parts.
* Short Sample:: A short sample Texinfo file.
-* Acknowledgements::
+* Acknowledgements and History:: Contributors and genesis.
\1f
File: texinfo.info, Node: Overview-Footnotes, Up: Overview
- (1) Note that the first syllable of "Texinfo" is pronounced like
-"speck", not "hex". This odd pronunciation is derived from, but is not
-the same as, the pronunciation of TeX. In the word TeX, the `X' is
-actually the Greek letter "chi" rather than the English letter "ex".
-Pronounce TeX as if the `X' were the last sound in the name `Bach'; but
-pronounce Texinfo as if the `x' were a `k'. Spell "Texinfo" with a
-capital "T" and write the other letters in lower case.
+ (1) The first syllable of "Texinfo" is pronounced like "speck", not
+"hex". This odd pronunciation is derived from, but is not the same as,
+the pronunciation of TeX. In the word TeX, the `X' is actually the
+Greek letter "chi" rather than the English letter "ex". Pronounce TeX
+as if the `X' were the last sound in the name `Bach'; but pronounce
+Texinfo as if the `x' were a `k'. Spell "Texinfo" with a capital "T"
+and the other letters in lower case.
+
+\1f
+File: texinfo.info, Node: Reporting Bugs, Next: Using Texinfo, Up: Overview
+
+Reporting Bugs
+==============
+
+ We welcome bug reports or suggestions for the Texinfo system, both
+programs and documentation. Please email them to
+<bug-texinfo@gnu.org>. You can get the latest version of Texinfo from
+`ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/texinfo/' and its mirrors worldwide.
+
+ For bug reports, please include enough information for the maintainers
+to reproduce the problem. Generally speaking, that means:
+
+ * the version number of Texinfo and the program(s) or manual(s)
+ involved.
+
+ * hardware, operating system, and compiler versions.
+
+ * any unusual options you gave to `configure'.
+
+ * the contents of any input files necessary to reproduce the bug.
+
+ * a description of the problem and samples of any erroneous output.
+
+ * anything else that you think would be helpful.
+
+ When in doubt whether something is needed or not, include it. It's
+better to include too much than to leave out something important.
+
+ Patches are most welcome; if possible, please make them with
+`diff -c' (*note Overview: (diffutils)Top.) and include `ChangeLog'
+entries (*note Change Log: (emacs)Change Log.).
+
+ When sending email, please do not encode or split the messages in any
+way if possible; it's much easier to deal with one plain text message,
+however large, than many small ones. GNU shar
+(ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/sharutils/) is a convenient way of packaging
+multiple and/or binary files for email.
\1f
-File: texinfo.info, Node: Using Texinfo, Next: Info Files, Prev: Overview, Up: Overview
+File: texinfo.info, Node: Using Texinfo, Next: Info Files, Prev: Reporting Bugs, Up: Overview
Using Texinfo
=============
Using Texinfo, you can create a printed document with the normal
features of a book, including chapters, sections, cross references, and
indices. From the same Texinfo source file, you can create a
-menu-driven, on-line Info file with nodes, menus, cross references, and
-indices. You can, if you wish, make the chapters and sections of the
-printed document correspond to the nodes of the on-line information;
-and you use the same cross references and indices for both the Info
-file and the printed work. `The GNU Emacs Manual' is a good example of
-a Texinfo file, as is this manual.
+menu-driven, online Info file with nodes, menus, cross references, and
+indices. You can also create from that same source file an HTML output
+file suitable for use with a web browser. `The GNU Emacs Manual' is a
+good example of a Texinfo file, as is this manual.
To make a printed document, you process a Texinfo source file with the
-TeX typesetting program. This creates a DVI file that you can typeset
-and print as a book or report. (Note that the Texinfo language is
-completely different from TeX's usual language, plain TeX.) If you do
-not have TeX, but do have `troff' or `nroff', you can use the
-`texi2roff' program instead.
-
- To make an Info file, you process a Texinfo source file with the
-`makeinfo' utility or Emacs's `texinfo-format-buffer' command; this
-creates an Info file that you can install on-line.
-
- TeX and `texi2roff' work with many types of printers; similarly, Info
-works with almost every type of computer terminal. This power makes
-Texinfo a general purpose system, but brings with it a constraint,
-which is that a Texinfo file may contain only the customary
-"typewriter" characters (letters, numbers, spaces, and punctuation
-marks) but no special graphics.
-
- A Texinfo file is a plain ASCII file containing text and "@-commands"
-(words preceded by an `@') that tell the typesetting and formatting
-programs what to do. You may edit a Texinfo file with any text editor;
-but it is especially convenient to use GNU Emacs since that editor has
-a special mode, called Texinfo mode, that provides various
-Texinfo-related features. (*Note Texinfo Mode::.)
-
- Before writing a Texinfo source file, you should become familiar with
-the Info documentation reading program and learn about nodes, menus,
-cross references, and the rest. (*note info: (info)Top, for more
-information.)
-
- You can use Texinfo to create both on-line help and printed manuals;
+TeX typesetting program (but the Texinfo language is very different
+from TeX's usual language, plain TeX). This creates a DVI file that
+you can typeset and print as a book or report (*note Hardcopy::).
+
+ To output an Info file, process your Texinfo source with the
+`makeinfo' utility or Emacs's `texinfo-format-buffer' command. You can
+install the result in your Info tree (*note Install an Info File::).
+
+ To output an HTML file, process your Texinfo source with `makeinfo'
+using the `--html' option. You can (for example) install the result on
+your web site.
+
+ If you are a programmer and would like to contribute to the GNU
+project by implementing additional output formats for Texinfo, that
+would be excellent. But please do not write a separate translator
+texi2foo for your favorite format foo! That is the hard way to do the
+job, and makes extra work in subsequent maintenance, since the Texinfo
+language is continually being enhanced and updated. Instead, the best
+approach is modify `makeinfo' to generate the new format, as it does
+now for Info and HTML.
+
+ TeX works with virtually all printers; Info works with virtually all
+computer terminals; the HTML output works with virtually all web
+browsers. Thus Texinfo can be used by almost any computer user.
+
+ A Texinfo source file is a plain ASCII file containing text and
+"@-commands" (words preceded by an `@') that tell the typesetting and
+formatting programs what to do. You may edit a Texinfo file with any
+text editor; but it is especially convenient to use GNU Emacs since
+that editor has a special mode, called Texinfo mode, that provides
+various Texinfo-related features. (*Note Texinfo Mode::.)
+
+ Before writing a Texinfo source file, you should learn about nodes,
+menus, cross references, and the rest, for example by reading this
+manual.
+
+ You can use Texinfo to create both online help and printed manuals;
moreover, Texinfo is freely redistributable. For these reasons, Texinfo
-is the format in which documentation for GNU utilities and libraries is
-written.
+is the official documentation format of the GNU project. More
+information is available at the GNU documentation web page
+(http://www.gnu.org/doc/).
+
+ From time to time, proposals are made to generate traditional Unix man
+pages from Texinfo source. This is not likely to ever be supported,
+because man pages have a very strict conventional format. Merely
+enhancing `makeinfo' to output troff format would be insufficient.
+Generating a good man page therefore requires a completely different
+source than the typical Texinfo applications of generating a good user
+manual or a good reference manual. This makes generating man pages
+incompatible with the Texinfo design goal of not having to document the
+same information in different ways for different output formats. You
+might as well just write the man page directly.
+
+ If you wish to support man pages, the program `help2man' may be
+useful; it generates a traditional man page from the `--help' output of
+a program. In fact, this is currently used to generate man pages for
+the Texinfo programs themselves. It is free software written by
+Brendan O'Dea, available from
+`http://www.ozemail.com.au/~bod/help2man.tar.gz'.
\1f
File: texinfo.info, Node: Info Files, Next: Printed Books, Prev: Using Texinfo, Up: Overview
children in the parent's menu. Each child node records the parent node
name as its `Up' pointer. The last child has no `Next' pointer, and the
first child has the parent both as its `Previous' and as its `Up'
-pointer.(1) (*note Info Files-Footnotes::)
+pointer.(1) (*note Info Files-Footnote-1::)
The book-like structuring of an Info file into nodes that correspond
to chapters, sections, and the like is a matter of convention, not a
for the whole Info system. From it, you can reach the `Top' nodes of
each of the documents in a complete Info system.
+ If you wish to refer to an Info file in a URI, you can use the
+(unofficial) syntax exemplified in the following. This works with
+Emacs/W3, for example:
+ info:///usr/info/emacs#Dissociated%20Press
+ info:emacs#Dissociated%20Press
+ info://localhost/usr/info/emacs#Dissociated%20Press
+
+ The `info' program itself does not follow URI's of any kind.
+
\1f
File: texinfo.info, Node: Info Files-Footnotes, Up: Info Files
A Texinfo file can be formatted and typeset as a printed book or
manual. To do this, you need TeX, a powerful, sophisticated typesetting
-program written by Donald Knuth.(1) (*note Printed Books-Footnotes::)
+program written by Donald Knuth.(1) (*note Printed Books-Footnote-1::)
A Texinfo-based book is similar to any other typeset, printed work: it
can have a title page, copyright page, table of contents, and preface,
page headers, cross references, footnotes, and indices.
You can use Texinfo to write a book without ever having the intention
-of converting it into on-line information. You can use Texinfo for
+of converting it into online information. You can use Texinfo for
writing a printed novel, and even to write a printed memo, although
this latter application is not recommended since electronic mail is so
much easier.
TeX is a general purpose typesetting program. Texinfo provides a
-file called `texinfo.tex' that contains information (definitions or
-"macros") that TeX uses when it typesets a Texinfo file.
-(`texinfo.tex' tells TeX how to convert the Texinfo @-commands to TeX
-commands, which TeX can then process to create the typeset document.)
-`texinfo.tex' contains the specifications for printing a document.
+file `texinfo.tex' that contains information (definitions or "macros")
+that TeX uses when it typesets a Texinfo file. (`texinfo.tex' tells
+TeX how to convert the Texinfo @-commands to TeX commands, which TeX
+can then process to create the typeset document.) `texinfo.tex'
+contains the specifications for printing a document. You can get the
+latest version of `texinfo.tex' from
+`ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/texinfo.tex'.
Most often, documents are printed on 8.5 inch by 11 inch pages (216mm
by 280mm; this is the default size), but you can also print for 7 inch
TeX is freely distributable. It is written in a superset of Pascal
called WEB and can be compiled either in Pascal or (by using a
conversion program that comes with the TeX distribution) in C. (*Note
-TeX Mode: (xemacs)TeX Mode, for information about TeX.)
+TeX Mode: (emacs)TeX Mode, for information about TeX.)
TeX is very powerful and has a great many features. Because a
Texinfo file must be able to present information both on a
character-only terminal in Info form and in a typeset book, the
formatting commands that Texinfo supports are necessarily limited.
- *Note How to Obtain TeX: Obtaining TeX.
+ To get a copy of TeX, see *Note How to Obtain TeX: Obtaining TeX.
\1f
File: texinfo.info, Node: Printed Books-Footnotes, Up: Printed Books
- (1) You can also use the `texi2roff' program if you do not have TeX;
-since Texinfo is designed for use with TeX, `texi2roff' is not
-described here. `texi2roff' is not part of the standard GNU
-distribution.
+ (1) You can also use the `texi2roff' (ftp://tug.org/texi2roff.tar.gz)
+program if you do not have TeX; since Texinfo is designed for use with
+TeX, `texi2roff' is not described here. `texi2roff' is not part of the
+standard GNU distribution and is not maintained or up-to-date with all
+the Texinfo features described in this manual.
\1f
File: texinfo.info, Node: Formatting Commands, Next: Conventions, Prev: Printed Books, Up: Overview
wide variety of printers.
Depending on what they do or what arguments(1) (*note Formatting
-Commands-Footnotes::) they take, you need to write @-commands on lines
+Commands-Footnote-1::) they take, you need to write @-commands on lines
of their own or as part of sentences:
* Write a command such as `@noindent' at the beginning of a line as
this example, between the braces. (`@code' marks text as being
code.)
- * Write a command such as `@example' at the beginning of a line of
- its own; write the body-text on following lines; and write the
- matching `@end' command, `@end example' in this case, at the
- beginning of a line of its own after the body-text. (`@example'
- ... `@end example' indents and typesets body-text as an example.)
+ * Write a command such as `@example' on a line of its own; write the
+ body-text on following lines; and write the matching `@end'
+ command, `@end example' in this case, at the on a line of its own
+ after the body-text. (`@example' ... `@end example' indents and
+ typesets body-text as an example.) It's usually ok to indent
+ environment commands like this, but in complicated and
+ hard-to-define circumstances the extra spaces cause extra space to
+ appear in the output, so beware.
As a general rule, a command requires braces if it mingles among other
text; but it does not need braces if it starts a line of its own. The
File: texinfo.info, Node: Formatting Commands-Footnotes, Up: Formatting Commands
(1) The word "argument" comes from the way it is used in mathematics
-and does not refer to a disputation between two people; it refers to the
+and does not refer to a dispute between two people; it refers to the
information presented to the command. According to the `Oxford English
Dictionary', the word derives from the Latin for "to make clear,
prove"; thus it came to mean `the evidence offered as proof', which is
to say, `the information offered', which led to its mathematical
meaning. In its other thread of derivation, the word came to mean `to
assert in a manner against which others may make counter assertions',
-which led to the meaning of `argument' as a disputation.
+which led to the meaning of `argument' as a dispute.
\1f
File: texinfo.info, Node: Conventions, Next: Comments, Prev: Formatting Commands, Up: Overview
General Syntactic Conventions
=============================
- All printable ASCII characters except `@', `{' and `}' can appear in
-a Texinfo file and stand for themselves. `@' is the escape character
-which introduces commands. `{' and `}' should be used only to surround
-arguments to certain commands. To put one of these special characters
-into the document, put an `@' character in front of it, like this:
-`@@', `@{', and `@}'.
-
- It is customary in TeX to use doubled single-quote characters to
-begin and end quotations: ` ` and ' ' (but without a space between the
-two single-quote characters). This convention should be followed in
-Texinfo files. TeX converts doubled single-quote characters to left-
-and right-hand doubled quotation marks and Info converts doubled
-single-quote characters to ASCII double-quotes: ` ` and ' ' to " .
-
- Use three hyphens in a row, `---', for a dash--like this. In TeX, a
-single or double hyphen produces a printed dash that is shorter than
-the usual typeset dash. Info reduces three hyphens to two for display
-on the screen.
-
- To prevent a paragraph from being indented in the printed manual, put
-the command `@noindent' on a line by itself before the paragraph.
-
- If you mark off a region of the Texinfo file with the `@iftex' and
-`@end iftex' commands, that region will appear only in the printed
-copy; in that region, you can use certain commands borrowed from plain
-TeX that you cannot use in Info. Likewise, if you mark off a region
-with the `@ifinfo' and `@end ifinfo' commands, that region will appear
-only in the Info file; in that region, you can use Info commands that
-you cannot use in TeX. Similarly for `@ifhtml ... @end ifhtml',
-`@ifnothtml ... @end ifnothtml', `@ifnotinfo ... @end ifnotinfo',
-`@ifnottex ... @end ifnottex', *Note Conditionals::.
+ This section describes the general conventions used in all Texinfo
+documents.
+
+ * All printable ASCII characters except `@', `{' and `}' can appear
+ in a Texinfo file and stand for themselves. `@' is the escape
+ character which introduces commands. `{' and `}' should be used
+ only to surround arguments to certain commands. To put one of
+ these special characters into the document, put an `@' character
+ in front of it, like this: `@@', `@{', and `@}'.
+
+ * It is customary in TeX to use doubled single-quote characters to
+ begin and end quotations: ` ` and ' ' (but without a space between
+ the two single-quote characters). This convention should be
+ followed in Texinfo files. TeX converts doubled single-quote
+ characters to left- and right-hand doubled quotation marks and
+ Info converts doubled single-quote characters to ASCII
+ double-quotes: ` ` and ' ' to " .
+
+ * Use three hyphens in a row, `---', for a dash--like this. In TeX,
+ a single or double hyphen produces a printed dash that is shorter
+ than the usual typeset dash. Info reduces three hyphens to two for
+ display on the screen.
+
+ * To prevent a paragraph from being indented in the printed manual,
+ put the command `@noindent' on a line by itself before the
+ paragraph.
+
+ * If you mark off a region of the Texinfo file with the `@iftex' and
+ `@end iftex' commands, that region will appear only in the printed
+ copy; in that region, you can use certain commands borrowed from
+ plain TeX that you cannot use in Info. Likewise, if you mark off
+ a region with the `@ifinfo' and `@end ifinfo' commands, that
+ region will appear only in the Info file; in that region, you can
+ use Info commands that you cannot use in TeX. Similarly for
+ `@ifhtml ... @end ifhtml', `@ifnothtml ... @end ifnothtml',
+ `@ifnotinfo ... @end ifnotinfo', `@ifnottex ... @end ifnottex'.
+ *Note Conditionals::.
*Caution:* Do not use tabs in a Texinfo file! TeX uses
variable-width fonts, which means that it cannot predefine a tab
Also, you can run `untabify' in Emacs to convert tabs in a region
to multiple spaces.
- Don't use tabs.
-
\1f
File: texinfo.info, Node: Comments, Next: Minimum, Prev: Conventions, Up: Overview
You can write comments in a Texinfo file that will not appear in
either the Info file or the printed manual by using the `@comment'
command (which may be abbreviated to `@c'). Such comments are for the
-person who reads the Texinfo file. All the text on a line that follows
-either `@comment' or `@c' is a comment; the rest of the line does not
-appear in either the Info file or the printed manual. (Often, you can
-write the `@comment' or `@c' in the middle of a line, and only the text
-that follows after the `@comment' or `@c' command does not appear; but
-some commands, such as `@settitle' and `@setfilename', work on a whole
-line. You cannot use `@comment' or `@c' in a line beginning with such
-a command.)
+person who revises the Texinfo file. All the text on a line that
+follows either `@comment' or `@c' is a comment; the rest of the line
+does not appear in either the Info file or the printed manual. (Often,
+you can write the `@comment' or `@c' in the middle of a line, and only
+the text that follows after the `@comment' or `@c' command does not
+appear; but some commands, such as `@settitle' and `@setfilename', work
+on a whole line. You cannot use `@comment' or `@c' in a line beginning
+with such a command.)
You can write long stretches of text that will not appear in either
the Info file or the printed manual by using the `@ignore' and `@end
applies to the Texinfo source file of a document, but not to the Info
or printed version of the document.
-\1f
-File: texinfo.info, Node: Minimum, Next: Six Parts, Prev: Comments, Up: Overview
-
-What a Texinfo File Must Have
-=============================
-
- By convention, the names of Texinfo files end with one of the
-extensions `.texinfo', `.texi', or `.tex'. The longer extension is
-preferred since it describes more clearly to a human reader the nature
-of the file. The shorter extensions are for operating systems that
-cannot handle long file names.
-
- In order to be made into a printed manual and an Info file, a Texinfo
-file *must* begin with lines like this:
-
- \input texinfo
- @setfilename INFO-FILE-NAME
- @settitle NAME-OF-MANUAL
-
-The contents of the file follow this beginning, and then you *must* end
-a Texinfo file with a line like this:
-
- @bye
-
-The `\input texinfo' line tells TeX to use the `texinfo.tex' file,
-which tells TeX how to translate the Texinfo @-commands into TeX
-typesetting commands. (Note the use of the backslash, `\'; this is
-correct for TeX.) The `@setfilename' line provides a name for the Info
-file and tells TeX to open auxiliary files. The `@settitle' line
-specifies a title for the page headers (or footers) of the printed
-manual.
-
- The `@bye' line at the end of the file on a line of its own tells the
-formatters that the file is ended and to stop formatting.
-
- Usually, you will not use quite such a spare format, but will include
-mode setting and start-of-header and end-of-header lines at the
-beginning of a Texinfo file, like this:
-
- \input texinfo @c -*-texinfo-*-
- @c %**start of header
- @setfilename INFO-FILE-NAME
- @settitle NAME-OF-MANUAL
- @c %**end of header
-
-In the first line, `-*-texinfo-*-' causes Emacs to switch into Texinfo
-mode when you edit the file.
-
- The `@c' lines which surround the `@setfilename' and `@settitle'
-lines are optional, but you need them in order to run TeX or Info on
-just part of the file. (*Note Start of Header::, for more information.)
-
- Furthermore, you will usually provide a Texinfo file with a title
-page, indices, and the like. But the minimum, which can be useful for
-short documents, is just the three lines at the beginning and the one
-line at the end.
-
-\1f
-File: texinfo.info, Node: Six Parts, Next: Short Sample, Prev: Minimum, Up: Overview
-
-Six Parts of a Texinfo File
-===========================
-
- Generally, a Texinfo file contains more than the minimal beginning
-and end--it usually contains six parts:
-
-1. Header
- The "Header" names the file, tells TeX which definitions' file to
- use, and performs other "housekeeping" tasks.
-
-2. Summary Description and Copyright
- The "Summary Description and Copyright" segment describes the
- document and contains the copyright notice and copying permissions
- for the Info file. The segment must be enclosed between `@ifinfo'
- and `@end ifinfo' commands so that the formatters place it only in
- the Info file.
-
-3. Title and Copyright
- The "Title and Copyright" segment contains the title and copyright
- pages and copying permissions for the printed manual. The segment
- must be enclosed between `@titlepage' and `@end titlepage'
- commands. The title and copyright page appear only in the printed
- manual.
-
-4. `Top' Node and Master Menu
- The "Master Menu" contains a complete menu of all the nodes in the
- whole Info file. It appears only in the Info file, in the `Top'
- node.
-
-5. Body
- The "Body" of the document may be structured like a traditional
- book or encyclopedia or it may be free form.
-
-6. End
- The "End" contains commands for printing indices and generating
- the table of contents, and the `@bye' command on a line of its own.
-
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