-This is Info file ../info/xemacs.info, produced by Makeinfo version
-1.68 from the input file xemacs/xemacs.texi.
+This is ../info/xemacs.info, produced by makeinfo version 4.0 from
+xemacs/xemacs.texi.
INFO-DIR-SECTION XEmacs Editor
START-INFO-DIR-ENTRY
translation approved by the author instead of in the original English.
\1f
+File: xemacs.info, Node: Using Packages, Next: Building Packages, Prev: Package Terminology, Up: Packages
+
+Getting Started
+---------------
+
+ When you first download XEmacs 21, you will usually first grab the
+"core distribution", a file called `xemacs-21.0.tar.gz'. (Replace the
+21.0 by the current version number.) The core distribution contains
+the sources of XEmacs and a minimal set of Emacs Lisp files, which are
+in the subdirectory named `lisp'. This subdirectory used to contain
+all Emacs Lisp files distributed with XEmacs. Now, to conserve disk
+space, most non-essential packages were made optional.
+
+Choosing the Packages You Need
+------------------------------
+
+ The available packages can currently be found in the same ftp
+directory where you grabbed the core distribution from, and are located
+in the subdirectory `packages/binary-packages'. Package file names
+follow the naming convention `<package-name>-<version>-pkg.tar.gz'.
+
+ If you have EFS *Note (EFS)::, packages can be installed over the
+network. Alternatively, if you have copies of the packages locally,
+you can install packages from a local disk or CDROM.
+
+ The file `etc/PACKAGES' in the core distribution contains a list of
+the packages available at the time of the XEmacs release. Packages are
+also listed on the `Options' menu under:
+
+ Options->Customize->Emacs->Packages
+
+ However, don't select any of these menu picks unless you actually
+want to install the given package (and have properly configured your
+system to do so).
+
+ You can also get a list of available packages, and whether or not
+they are installed, using the visual package browser and installer.
+You can access it via the menus:
+
+ Options->Manage Packages->List & Install
+
+ Or, you can get to it via the keyboard:
+
+ M-x pui-list-packages
+
+ Hint to system administrators of multi-user systems: it might be a
+good idea to install all packages and not interfere with the wishes of
+your users.
+
+ If you can't find which package provides the feature you require, try
+using the `package-get-package-provider' function. Eg., if you know
+that you need `thingatpt', type:
+
+ M-x package-get-package-provider RET thingatpt
+
+ which will return something like (fsf-compat "1.06"). You can the use
+one of the methods above for installing the package you want.
+
+XEmacs and Installing Packages
+------------------------------
+
+ Normally, packages are installed over the network, using EFS *Note
+(EFS)::. However, you may not have network access, or you may already
+have some or all of the packages on a local disk, such as a CDROM. If
+you want to install from a local disk, you must first tell XEmacs where
+to find the package binaries. This is done by adding a line like the
+following to your init file:
+
+ (setq package-get-remote (cons (list nil "/my/path/to/package/binaries")
+ package-get-remote))
+
+ *Note Init File::.
+
+ Here, you'd change `/my/path/to/package/binaries' to be the path to
+your local package binaries. Next, restart XEmacs, and you're ready to
+go (advanced users can just re-evaluate the sexp).
+
+ If you are installing from a temporary, one-time directory, you can
+also add these directory names to `package-get-remote' using:
+
+ M-x pui-add-install-directory
+
+ Note, however, that any directories added using this function are not
+saved; this information will be lost when you quit XEmacs.
+
+ If you're going to install over the network, you only have to insure
+that EFS *Note (EFS):: works, and that it can get outside a firewall, if
+you happen to be behind one. You shouldn't have to do anything else;
+XEmacs already knows where to go. However you can add your own mirrors
+to this list. See `package-get-remote'.
+
+ The easiest way to install a package is to use the visual package
+browser and installer, using the menu pick:
+
+ Options->Manage Packages->List & Install
+ or
+ Options->Manage Packages->Using Custom->Select-> ...
+
+ You can also access it using the keyboard:
+
+ M-x pui-list-packages
+
+ The visual package browser will then display a list of all packages.
+Help information will be displayed at the very bottom of the buffer; you
+may have to scroll down to see it. You can also press `?' to get the
+same help. From this buffer, you can tell the package status by the
+character in the first column:
+
+`-'
+ The package has not been installed.
+
+`*'
+ The package has been installed, but a newer version is available.
+ The current version is out-of-date.
+
+`+'
+ The package has been marked for installation/update.
+
+ If there is no character in the first column, the package has been
+installed and is up-to-date.
+
+ From here, you can select or unselect packages for installation using
+the <RET> key, the `Mouse-2' button or selecting "Select" from the
+(Popup) Menu. Once you've finished selecting the packages, you can
+press the `x' key (or use the menu) to actually install the packages.
+Note that you will have to restart XEmacs for XEmacs to recognize any
+new packages.
+
+ Key summary:
+
+`?'
+ Display simple help.
+
+`<RET>'
+`<Mouse-2>'
+ Toggle between selecting and unselecting a package for
+ installation.
+
+`x'
+ Install selected packages.
+
+`<SPC>'
+ View, in the minibuffer, additional information about the package,
+ such as the package date (not the build date) and the package
+ author. Moving the mouse over a package name will also do the
+ same thing.
+
+`v'
+ Toggle between verbose and non-verbose package display.
+
+`g'
+ Refresh the package display.
+
+`q'
+ Kill the package buffer.
+
+ Moving the mouse over a package will also cause additional
+information about the package to be displayed in the minibuffer.
+
+Other package installation interfaces
+-------------------------------------
+
+ For an alternative package interface, you can select packages from
+the customize menus, under:
+
+ Options->Customize->Emacs->Packages-> ...
+ or
+ Options->Manage Packages->Using Custom->Select-> ...
+
+ Set their state to on, and then do:
+
+ Options->Manage Packages->Using Custom->Update Packages
+
+ This will automatically retrieve the packages you have selected from
+the XEmacs ftp site or your local disk, and install them into XEmacs.
+Additionally it will update any packages you already have installed to
+the newest version. Note that if a package is newly installed you will
+have to restart XEmacs for the change to take effect.
+
+ You can also install packages using a semi-manual interface:
+
+ M-x package-get-all <return>
+
+ Enter the name of the package (e.g., `prog-modes'), and XEmacs will
+search for the latest version (as listed in the lisp file
+`lisp/package-get-base.el'), and install it and any packages that it
+depends upon.
+
+Manual Binary Package Installation
+----------------------------------
+
+ Pre-compiled, binary packages can be installed in either a system
+package directory (this is determined when XEmacs is compiled), or in
+one of the following subdirectories of your `$HOME' directory:
+
+ ~/.xemacs/mule-packages
+ ~/.xemacs/xemacs-packages
+
+ Packages in the former directory will only be found by a Mule-enabled
+XEmacs.
+
+ XEmacs does not have to be running to install binary packages,
+although XEmacs will not know about any newly-installed packages until
+you restart XEmacs. Note, however, that installing a newer version of a
+package while XEmacs is running could cause strange errors in XEmacs;
+it's best to exit XEmacs before upgrading an existing package.
+
+ To install binary packages manually:
+
+ 1. Download the package(s) that you want to install. Each binary
+ package will typically be a gzip'd tarball.
+
+ 2. Decide where to install the packages: in the system package
+ directory, or in `~/.xemacs/mule-packages' or
+ `~/.xemacs/xemacs-packages', respectively. If you want to install
+ the packages in the system package directory, make sure you can
+ write into that directory. If you want to install in your `$HOME'
+ directory, create the directory, `~/.xemacs/mule-packages' or
+ `~/.xemacs/xemacs-packages', respectively.
+
+ 3. Next, `cd' to the directory under which you want to install the
+ package(s).
+
+ 4. From this directory, uncompress and extract each of the gzip'd
+ tarballs that you downloaded in step 1. Unix and Cygnus cygwin
+ users will typically do this using the commands:
+
+ gunzip < package.tar.gz | tar xvf -
+
+ Above, replace `package.tar.gz' with the filename of the package
+ that you downloaded in step 1.
+
+ Of course, if you use GNU `tar', you could also use:
+
+ tar xvzf package.tar.gz
+
+ 5. That's it. Quit and restart XEmacs to get it to recognize any new
+ or changed packages.
+
+
+\1f
+File: xemacs.info, Node: Building Packages, Next: Available Packages, Prev: Using Packages, Up: Packages
+
+ Source packages are available from the `packages/source-packages'
+subdirectory of your favorite XEmacs distribution site. Alternatively,
+they are available via CVS from `cvs.xemacs.org'. Look at
+`http://cvs.xemacs.org' for instructions.
+
+Prerequisites for Building Source Packages
+------------------------------------------
+
+ You must have GNU `cp', GNU `install' (or a BSD compatible `install'
+program) GNU `make' (3.75 or later preferred), `makeinfo' (1.68 from
+`texinfo-3.11' or later required), GNU `tar' and XEmacs 21.0. The
+source packages will untar into a correct directory structure. At the
+top level you must have `XEmacs.rules' and `package-compile.el'. These
+files are available from the XEmacs FTP site from the same place you
+obtained your source package distributions.
+
+What You Can Do With Source Packages
+------------------------------------
+
+ NB: A global build operation doesn't exist yet as of 13 January
+1998.
+
+ Source packages are most useful for creating XEmacs package tarballs
+for installation into your own XEmacs installations or for distributing
+to others.
+
+ Supported operations from `make' are:
+
+`clean'
+ Remove all built files except `auto-autoloads.el' and
+ `custom-load.el'.
+
+`distclean'
+ Remove XEmacs backups as well as the files deleted by `make clean'.
+
+`all'
+ Bytecompile all files, build and bytecompile byproduct files like
+ `auto-autoloads.el' and `custom-load.el'. Create info version of
+ TeXinfo documentation if present.
+
+`srckit'
+ Usually aliased to `make srckit-std'. This does a `make
+ distclean' and creates a package source tarball in the staging
+ directory. This is generally only of use for package maintainers.
+
+`binkit'
+ May be aliased to `binkit-sourceonly', `binkit-sourceinfo',
+ `binkit-sourcedata', or `binkit-sourcedatainfo'. `sourceonly'
+ indicates there is nothing to install in a data directory or info
+ directory. `sourceinfo' indicates that source and info files are
+ to be installed. `sourcedata' indicates that source and etc
+ (data) files are to be installed. `sourcedatainfo' indicates
+ source, etc (data), and info files are to be installed. A few
+ packages have needs beyond the basic templates so this is not yet
+ complete.
+
+`dist'
+ Runs the rules `srckit' followed by `binkit'. This is primarily
+ of use by XEmacs maintainers producing files for distribution.
+
+\1f
+File: xemacs.info, Node: Available Packages, Prev: Building Packages, Up: Packages
+
+ This section is surely out-of-date. If you're sure that XEmacs is
+able to do something, but your installed XEmacs won't do it for you,
+it's probably in a package. If you can't find it in this section,
+that's a bug--please report it. It is very hard to keep this section
+up-to-date; your reports, comments, and questions will help a lot.
+
+ This data is up-to-date as of 10 February 1999. (Ouch! I told you!)
+
+Library Packages (libs)
+-----------------------
+
+ These packages are required to build and support most of the rest of
+XEmacs. By design, xemacs-base is a `regular' package. Use restraint
+when adding new files there as it is required by almost everything.
+
+`Sun'
+ Support for Sparcworks.
+
+`apel'
+ A Portable Emacs Library. Used by XEmacs MIME support.
+
+`edebug'
+ A Lisp debugger.
+
+`dired'
+ The DIRectory EDitor is for manipulating, and running commands on
+ files in a directory.
+
+`efs'
+ Treat files on remote systems the same as local files.
+
+`mail-lib'
+ Fundamental lisp files for providing email support.
+
+`tooltalk'
+ Support for building with Tooltalk.
+
+`xemacs-base'
+ Fundamental XEmacs support. Install this unless you wish a totally
+ naked XEmacs.
+
+`xemacs-devel'
+ XEmacs Lisp developer support. This package contains utilities for
+ supporting Lisp development. It is a single-file package so it
+ may be tailored.
+
+Communications Packages (comm)
+------------------------------
+
+ These packages provide support for various communications, primarily
+email and usenet.
+
+`footnote'
+ Footnoting in mail message editing modes.
+
+`gnats'
+ XEmacs bug reports.
+
+`gnus'
+ The Gnus Newsreader and Mailreader.
+
+`mailcrypt'
+ Support for messaging encryption with PGP.
+
+`mh-e'
+ Front end support for MH.
+
+`net-utils'
+ Miscellaneous Networking Utilities. This is a single-file package
+ and files may be deleted at will.
+
+`ph'
+ Emacs implementation of the ph client to CCSO/qi directory servers.
+
+`rmail'
+ An obsolete Emacs mailer. If you do not already use it don't
+ start.
+
+`supercite'
+ An Emacs citation tool. Useful with all Emacs Mailers and
+ Newsreaders.
+
+`tm'
+ Emacs MIME support.
+
+`vm'
+ An Emacs mailer.
+
+`w3'
+ A Web browser.
+
+Games and Amusements (games)
+----------------------------
+
+`cookie'
+ Spook and Yow (Zippy quotes).
+
+`games'
+ Tetris, Sokoban, and Snake.
+
+`mine'
+ Minehunt.
+
+`misc-games'
+ Other amusements and diversions.
+
+Mule Support (mule)
+-------------------
+
+`egg-its'
+ Wnn (4.2 and 6) support. SJ3 support. Must be installed prior to
+ XEmacs build.
+
+`leim'
+ Quail. Used for everything other than English and Japanese.
+
+`locale'
+ Used for localized menubars (French and Japanese) and localized
+ splash screens (Japanese).
+
+`mule-base'
+ Basic Mule support. Must be installed prior to building with Mule.
+
+`skk'
+ Another Japanese Language Input Method. Can be used without a
+ separate process running as a dictionary server.
+
+Productivity Packages (oa)
+--------------------------
+
+`calendar'
+ Calendar and diary support.
+
+`edit-utils'
+ Single file lisp packages for various XEmacs goodies. Load this
+ and weed out the junk you don't want.
+
+`forms'
+ Forms editing support (obsolete, use the builtin Widget instead).
+
+`frame-icon'
+ Provide a WM icon based on major mode.
+
+`hm--html-menus'
+ HTML editing.
+
+`ispell'
+ Spell-checking with ispell.
+
+`pc'
+ PC style interface emulation.
+
+`psgml'
+ Validated HTML/SGML editing.
+
+`sgml'
+ SGML/Linuxdoc-SGML editing.
+
+`slider'
+ User interface tool.
+
+`speedbar'
+ ??? Document me.
+
+`strokes'
+ Mouse enhancement utility.
+
+`text-modes'
+ Various single file lisp packages for editing text files.
+
+`time'
+ Display time & date on the modeline.
+
+Operating System Utilities (os)
+-------------------------------
+
+`eterm'
+ Terminal emulator.
+
+`igrep'
+ Enhanced front-end for Grep.
+
+`ilisp'
+ Front-end for Inferior Lisp.
+
+`os-utils'
+ Miscellaneous single-file O/S utilities, for printing, archiving,
+ compression, remote shells, etc.
+
+`view-process'
+ A Unix process browsing tool.
+
+Program Editing Support (prog)
+------------------------------
+
+`ada'
+ Ada language support.
+
+`c-support'
+ Basic single-file add-ons for editing C code.
+
+`cc-mode'
+ C, C++ and Java language support.
+
+`debug'
+ GUD, gdb, dbx debugging support.
+
+`ediff'
+ Interface over patch.
+
+`emerge'
+ Another interface over patch.
+
+`pcl-cvs'
+ CVS frontend.
+
+`prog-modes'
+ Miscellaneous single-file lisp files for various programming
+ languages.
+
+`scheme'
+ Front-end support for Inferior Scheme.
+
+`sh-script'
+ Support for editing shell scripts.
+
+`vc'
+ Version Control for Free systems.
+
+`vc-cc'
+ Version Control for ClearCase. This package must be installed
+ prior to building XEmacs [broken as of XEmacs 20.5-beta19].
+
+`vhdl'
+ Support for VHDL.
+
+Word Processing (wp)
+--------------------
+
+`auctex'
+ Basic TeX/LaTeX support.
+
+`crisp'
+ Crisp/Brief emulation.
+
+`edt'
+ DEC EDIT/EDT emulation.
+
+`texinfo'
+ XEmacs TeXinfo support.
+
+`textools'
+ Single-file TeX support.
+
+`tpu'
+ DEC EDIT/TPU support.
+
+`viper'
+ VI emulation support.
+
+\1f
+File: xemacs.info, Node: Abbrevs, Next: Picture, Prev: Running, Up: Top
+
+Abbrevs
+*******
+
+ An "abbrev" is a word which "expands" into some different text.
+Abbrevs are defined by the user to expand in specific ways. For
+example, you might define `foo' as an abbrev expanding to `find outer
+otter'. With this abbrev defined, you would be able to get `find outer
+otter ' into the buffer by typing `f o o <SPC>'.
+
+ Abbrevs expand only when Abbrev mode (a minor mode) is enabled.
+Disabling Abbrev mode does not cause abbrev definitions to be discarded,
+but they do not expand until Abbrev mode is enabled again. The command
+`M-x abbrev-mode' toggles Abbrev mode; with a numeric argument, it
+turns Abbrev mode on if the argument is positive, off otherwise. *Note
+Minor Modes::. `abbrev-mode' is also a variable; Abbrev mode is on
+when the variable is non-`nil'. The variable `abbrev-mode'
+automatically becomes local to the current buffer when it is set.
+
+ Abbrev definitions can be "mode-specific"--active only in one major
+mode. Abbrevs can also have "global" definitions that are active in
+all major modes. The same abbrev can have a global definition and
+various mode-specific definitions for different major modes. A
+mode-specific definition for the current major mode overrides a global
+definition.
+
+ You can define Abbrevs interactively during an editing session. You
+can also save lists of abbrev definitions in files and reload them in
+later sessions. Some users keep extensive lists of abbrevs that they
+load in every session.
+
+ A second kind of abbreviation facility is called the "dynamic
+expansion". Dynamic abbrev expansion happens only when you give an
+explicit command and the result of the expansion depends only on the
+current contents of the buffer. *Note Dynamic Abbrevs::.
+
+* Menu:
+
+* Defining Abbrevs:: Defining an abbrev, so it will expand when typed.
+* Expanding Abbrevs:: Controlling expansion: prefixes, canceling expansion.
+* Editing Abbrevs:: Viewing or editing the entire list of defined abbrevs.
+* Saving Abbrevs:: Saving the entire list of abbrevs for another session.
+* Dynamic Abbrevs:: Abbreviations for words already in the buffer.
+
+\1f
+File: xemacs.info, Node: Defining Abbrevs, Next: Expanding Abbrevs, Prev: Abbrevs, Up: Abbrevs
+
+Defining Abbrevs
+================
+
+`C-x a g'
+ Define an abbrev to expand into some text before point
+ (`add-global-abbrev').
+
+`C-x a l'
+ Similar, but define an abbrev available only in the current major
+ mode (`add-mode-abbrev').
+
+`C-x a i g'
+ Define a word in the buffer as an abbrev
+ (`inverse-add-global-abbrev').
+
+`C-x a i l'
+ Define a word in the buffer as a mode-specific abbrev
+ (`inverse-add-mode-abbrev').
+
+`M-x kill-all-abbrevs'
+ After this command, no abbrev definitions remain in effect.
+
+ The usual way to define an abbrev is to enter the text you want the
+abbrev to expand to, position point after it, and type `C-x a g'
+(`add-global-abbrev'). This reads the abbrev itself using the
+minibuffer, and then defines it as an abbrev for one or more words
+before point. Use a numeric argument to say how many words before point
+should be taken as the expansion. For example, to define the abbrev
+`foo' as in the example above, insert the text `find outer otter', then
+type
+`C-u 3 C-x a g f o o <RET>'.
+
+ An argument of zero to `C-x a g' means to use the contents of the
+region as the expansion of the abbrev being defined.
+
+ The command `C-x a l' (`add-mode-abbrev') is similar, but defines a
+mode-specific abbrev. Mode-specific abbrevs are active only in a
+particular major mode. `C-x a l' defines an abbrev for the major mode
+in effect at the time `C-x a l' is typed. The arguments work the same
+way they do for `C-x a g'.
+
+ If the text of an abbrev you want is already in the buffer instead of
+the expansion, use command `C-x a i g' (`inverse-add-global-abbrev')
+instead of `C-x a g', or use `C-x a i l' (`inverse-add-mode-abbrev')
+instead of `C-x a l'. These commands are called "inverse" because they
+invert the meaning of the argument found in the buffer and the argument
+read using the minibuffer.
+
+ To change the definition of an abbrev, just add the new definition.
+You will be asked to confirm if the abbrev has a prior definition. To
+remove an abbrev definition, give a negative argument to `C-x a g' or
+`C-x a l'. You must choose the command to specify whether to kill a
+global definition or a mode-specific definition for the current mode,
+since those two definitions are independent for one abbrev.
+
+ `M-x kill-all-abbrevs' removes all existing abbrev definitions.
+
+\1f
+File: xemacs.info, Node: Expanding Abbrevs, Next: Editing Abbrevs, Prev: Defining Abbrevs, Up: Abbrevs
+
+Controlling Abbrev Expansion
+============================
+
+ An abbrev expands whenever it is in a buffer just before point and
+you type a self-inserting punctuation character (<SPC>, comma, etc.).
+Most often an abbrev is used by inserting the abbrev followed by
+punctuation.
+
+ Abbrev expansion preserves case; thus, `foo' expands into `find
+outer otter', `Foo' into `Find outer otter', and `FOO' into `FIND OUTER
+OTTER' or `Find Outer Otter' according to the variable
+`abbrev-all-caps' (a non-`nil' value chooses the first of the two
+expansions).
+
+ Two commands are available to control abbrev expansion:
+
+`M-''
+ Separate a prefix from a following abbrev to be expanded
+ (`abbrev-prefix-mark').
+
+`C-x a e'
+ Expand the abbrev before point (`expand-abbrev'). This is
+ effective even when Abbrev mode is not enabled.
+
+`M-x unexpand-abbrev'
+ Undo last abbrev expansion.
+
+`M-x expand-region-abbrevs'
+ Expand some or all abbrevs found in the region.
+
+ You may wish to expand an abbrev with a prefix attached. For
+example, if `cnst' expands into `construction', you may want to use it
+to enter `reconstruction'. It does not work to type `recnst', because
+that is not necessarily a defined abbrev. Instead, you can use the
+command `M-'' (`abbrev-prefix-mark') between the prefix `re' and the
+abbrev `cnst'. First, insert `re'. Then type `M-''; this inserts a
+minus sign in the buffer to indicate that it has done its work. Then
+insert the abbrev `cnst'. The buffer now contains `re-cnst'. Now
+insert a punctuation character to expand the abbrev `cnst' into
+`construction'. The minus sign is deleted at this point by `M-''. The
+resulting text is the desired `reconstruction'.
+
+ If you actually want the text of the abbrev in the buffer, rather
+than its expansion, insert the following punctuation with `C-q'. Thus,
+`foo C-q -' leaves `foo-' in the buffer.
+
+ If you expand an abbrev by mistake, you can undo the expansion
+(replace the expansion by the original abbrev text) with `M-x
+unexpand-abbrev'. You can also use `C-_' (`undo') to undo the
+expansion; but that will first undo the insertion of the punctuation
+character.
+
+ `M-x expand-region-abbrevs' searches through the region for defined
+abbrevs, and offers to replace each one it finds with its expansion.
+This command is useful if you have typed text using abbrevs but forgot
+to turn on Abbrev mode first. It may also be useful together with a
+special set of abbrev definitions for making several global
+replacements at once. The command is effective even if Abbrev mode is
+not enabled.
+
+\1f
+File: xemacs.info, Node: Editing Abbrevs, Next: Saving Abbrevs, Prev: Expanding Abbrevs, Up: Abbrevs
+
+Examining and Editing Abbrevs
+=============================
+
+`M-x list-abbrevs'
+ Print a list of all abbrev definitions.
+
+`M-x edit-abbrevs'
+ Edit a list of abbrevs; you can add, alter, or remove definitions.
+
+ The output from `M-x list-abbrevs' looks like this:
+
+ (lisp-mode-abbrev-table)
+ "dk" 0 "define-key"
+ (global-abbrev-table)
+ "dfn" 0 "definition"
+
+(Some blank lines of no semantic significance, and some other abbrev
+tables, have been omitted.)
+
+ A line containing a name in parentheses is the header for abbrevs in
+a particular abbrev table; `global-abbrev-table' contains all the global
+abbrevs, and the other abbrev tables that are named after major modes
+contain the mode-specific abbrevs.
+
+ Within each abbrev table, each non-blank line defines one abbrev.
+The word at the beginning is the abbrev. The number that appears is
+the number of times the abbrev has been expanded. Emacs keeps track of
+this to help you see which abbrevs you actually use, in case you want
+to eliminate those that you don't use often. The string at the end of
+the line is the expansion.
+
+ `M-x edit-abbrevs' allows you to add, change or kill abbrev
+definitions by editing a list of them in an Emacs buffer. The list has
+the format described above. The buffer of abbrevs is called
+`*Abbrevs*', and is in Edit-Abbrevs mode. This mode redefines the key
+`C-c C-c' to install the abbrev definitions as specified in the buffer.
+The `edit-abbrevs-redefine' command does this. Any abbrevs not
+described in the buffer are eliminated when this is done.
+
+ `edit-abbrevs' is actually the same as `list-abbrevs', except that
+it selects the buffer `*Abbrevs*' whereas `list-abbrevs' merely
+displays it in another window.
+
+\1f
+File: xemacs.info, Node: Saving Abbrevs, Next: Dynamic Abbrevs, Prev: Editing Abbrevs, Up: Abbrevs
+
+Saving Abbrevs
+==============
+
+ These commands allow you to keep abbrev definitions between editing
+sessions.
+
+`M-x write-abbrev-file'
+ Write a file describing all defined abbrevs.
+
+`M-x read-abbrev-file'
+ Read such an abbrev file and define abbrevs as specified there.
+
+`M-x quietly-read-abbrev-file'
+ Similar, but do not display a message about what is going on.
+
+`M-x define-abbrevs'
+ Define abbrevs from buffer.
+
+`M-x insert-abbrevs'
+ Insert all abbrevs and their expansions into the buffer.
+
+ Use `M-x write-abbrev-file' to save abbrev definitions for use in a
+later session. The command reads a file name using the minibuffer and
+writes a description of all current abbrev definitions into the
+specified file. The text stored in the file looks like the output of
+`M-x list-abbrevs'.
+
+ `M-x read-abbrev-file' prompts for a file name using the minibuffer
+and reads the specified file, defining abbrevs according to its
+contents. `M-x quietly-read-abbrev-file' is the same but does not
+display a message in the echo area; it is actually useful primarily in
+the init file. *Note Init File::. If you give an empty argument to
+either of these functions, the file name Emacs uses is the value of the
+variable `abbrev-file-name', which is by default `"~/.abbrev_defs"'.
+
+ Emacs offers to save abbrevs automatically if you have changed any of
+them, whenever it offers to save all files (for `C-x s' or `C-x C-c').
+Set the variable `save-abbrevs' to `nil' to inhibit this feature.
+
+ The commands `M-x insert-abbrevs' and `M-x define-abbrevs' are
+similar to the previous commands but work on text in an Emacs buffer.
+`M-x insert-abbrevs' inserts text into the current buffer before point,
+describing all current abbrev definitions; `M-x define-abbrevs' parses
+the entire current buffer and defines abbrevs accordingly.
+
+\1f
+File: xemacs.info, Node: Dynamic Abbrevs, Prev: Saving Abbrevs, Up: Abbrevs
+
+Dynamic Abbrev Expansion
+========================
+
+ The abbrev facility described above operates automatically as you
+insert text, but all abbrevs must be defined explicitly. By contrast,
+"dynamic abbrevs" allow the meanings of abbrevs to be determined
+automatically from the contents of the buffer, but dynamic abbrev
+expansion happens only when you request it explicitly.
+
+`M-/'
+ Expand the word in the buffer before point as a "dynamic abbrev",
+ by searching in the buffer for words starting with that
+ abbreviation (`dabbrev-expand').
+
+ For example, if the buffer contains `does this follow ' and you type
+`f o M-/', the effect is to insert `follow' because that is the last
+word in the buffer that starts with `fo'. A numeric argument to `M-/'
+says to take the second, third, etc. distinct expansion found looking
+backward from point. Repeating `M-/' searches for an alternative
+expansion by looking farther back. After the entire buffer before
+point has been considered, the buffer after point is searched.
+
+ Dynamic abbrev expansion is completely independent of Abbrev mode;
+the expansion of a word with `M-/' is completely independent of whether
+it has a definition as an ordinary abbrev.
+
+\1f
+File: xemacs.info, Node: Picture, Next: Sending Mail, Prev: Abbrevs, Up: Top
+
+Editing Pictures
+****************
+
+ If you want to create a picture made out of text characters (for
+example, a picture of the division of a register into fields, as a
+comment in a program), use the command `edit-picture' to enter Picture
+mode.
+
+ In Picture mode, editing is based on the "quarter-plane" model of
+text. In this model, the text characters lie studded on an area that
+stretches infinitely far to the right and downward. The concept of the
+end of a line does not exist in this model; the most you can say is
+where the last non-blank character on the line is found.
+
+ Of course, Emacs really always considers text as a sequence of
+characters, and lines really do have ends. But in Picture mode most
+frequently-used keys are rebound to commands that simulate the
+quarter-plane model of text. They do this by inserting spaces or by
+converting tabs to spaces.
+
+ Most of the basic editing commands of Emacs are redefined by Picture
+mode to do essentially the same thing but in a quarter-plane way. In
+addition, Picture mode defines various keys starting with the `C-c'
+prefix to run special picture editing commands.
+
+ One of these keys, `C-c C-c', is pretty important. Often a picture
+is part of a larger file that is usually edited in some other major
+mode. `M-x edit-picture' records the name of the previous major mode.
+You can then use the `C-c C-c' command (`picture-mode-exit') to restore
+that mode. `C-c C-c' also deletes spaces from the ends of lines,
+unless you give it a numeric argument.
+
+ The commands used in Picture mode all work in other modes (provided
+the `picture' library is loaded), but are only bound to keys in
+Picture mode. Note that the descriptions below talk of moving "one
+column" and so on, but all the picture mode commands handle numeric
+arguments as their normal equivalents do.
+
+ Turning on Picture mode calls the value of the variable
+`picture-mode-hook' as a function, with no arguments, if that value
+exists and is non-`nil'.
+
+* Menu:
+
+* Basic Picture:: Basic concepts and simple commands of Picture Mode.
+* Insert in Picture:: Controlling direction of cursor motion
+ after "self-inserting" characters.
+* Tabs in Picture:: Various features for tab stops and indentation.
+* Rectangles in Picture:: Clearing and superimposing rectangles.
+
+\1f
File: xemacs.info, Node: Basic Picture, Next: Insert in Picture, Prev: Picture, Up: Picture
Basic Editing in Picture Mode
of screen model does not affect beginnings of lines.
Insertion of text is adapted to the quarter-plane screen model
-through the use of Overwrite mode (*note Minor Modes::.).
+through the use of Overwrite mode (*note Minor Modes::).
Self-inserting characters replace existing text, column by column,
rather than pushing existing text to the right. <RET> runs
`picture-newline', which just moves to the beginning of the following
To actually delete parts of the picture, use `C-w', or with `C-c
C-d' (which is defined as `delete-char', as `C-d' is in other modes),
or with one of the picture rectangle commands (*note Rectangles in
-Picture::.).
+Picture::).
\1f
File: xemacs.info, Node: Insert in Picture, Next: Tabs in Picture, Prev: Basic Picture, Up: Picture
Picture mode defines commands for working on rectangular pieces of
the text in ways that fit with the quarter-plane model. The standard
-rectangle commands may also be useful (*note Rectangles::.).
+rectangle commands may also be useful (*note Rectangles::).
`C-c C-k'
Clear out the region-rectangle (`picture-clear-rectangle'). With
In this version of Emacs, what you see is what you get: in contrast
to some other versions, no abbreviations are expanded after you have
sent the mail. This means you don't suffer the annoyance of having the
-system do things behind your back -- if the system rewrites an address
+system do things behind your back--if the system rewrites an address
you typed, you know it immediately, instead of after the mail has been
sent and it's too late to do anything about it. For example, you will
never again be in trouble because you forgot to delete an old alias
command is similar, but deletes existing aliases first.
If you want multiple addresses separated by a string other than `,'
-(a comma), then set the variable `mail-alias-seperator-string' to it.
+(a comma), then set the variable `mail-alias-separator-string' to it.
This has to be a comma bracketed by whitespace if you want any kind of
reasonable behavior.
an `FCC' field is entered for that file. Unless you remove the `FCC'
field, every message is written into that file when it is sent.
-\1f
-File: xemacs.info, Node: Mail Mode, Prev: Mail Headers, Up: Sending Mail
-
-Mail Mode
-=========
-
- The major mode used in the `*mail*' buffer is Mail mode. Mail mode
-is similar to Text mode, but several commands are provided on the `C-c'
-prefix. These commands all deal specifically with editing or sending
-the message.
-
-`C-c C-s'
- Send the message, and leave the `*mail*' buffer selected
- (`mail-send').
-
-`C-c C-c'
- Send the message, and select some other buffer
- (`mail-send-and-exit').
-
-`C-c C-f C-t'
- Move to the `To' header field, creating one if there is none
- (`mail-to').
-
-`C-c C-f C-s'
- Move to the `Subject' header field, creating one if there is none
- (`mail-subject').
-
-`C-c C-f C-c'
- Move to the `CC' header field, creating one if there is none
- (`mail-cc').
-
-`C-c C-w'
- Insert the file `~/.signature' at the end of the message text
- (`mail-signature').
-
-`C-c C-y'
- Yank the selected message (`mail-yank-original').
-
-`C-c C-q'
- Fill all paragraphs of yanked old messages, each individually
- (`mail-fill-yanked-message').
-
-`<button3>'
- Pops up a menu of useful mail-mode commands.
-
- There are two ways to send a message. `C-c C-c'
-(`mail-send-and-exit') is the usual way to send the message. It sends
-the message and then deletes the window (if there is another window) or
-switches to another buffer. It puts the `*mail*' buffer at the lowest
-priority for automatic reselection, since you are finished with using
-it. `C-c C-s' (`mail-send') sends the message and marks the `*mail*'
-buffer unmodified, but leaves that buffer selected so that you can
-modify the message (perhaps with new recipients) and send it again.
-
- Mail mode provides some other special commands that are useful for
-editing the headers and text of the message before you send it. There
-are three commands defined to move point to particular header fields,
-all based on the prefix `C-c C-f' (`C-f' is for "field"). They are
-`C-c C-f C-t' (`mail-to') to move to the `To' field, `C-c C-f C-s'
-(`mail-subject') for the `Subject' field, and `C-c C-f C-c' (`mail-cc')
-for the `CC' field. These fields have special motion commands because
-they are edited most frequently.
-
- `C-c C-w' (`mail-signature') adds a standard piece of text at the
-end of the message to say more about who you are. The text comes from
-the file `.signature' in your home directory.
-
- When you use an Rmail command to send mail from the Rmail mail
-reader, you can use `C-c C-y' `mail-yank-original' inside the `*mail*'
-buffer to insert the text of the message you are replying to. Normally
-Rmail indents each line of that message four spaces and eliminates most
-header fields. A numeric argument specifies the number of spaces to
-indent. An argument of just `C-u' says not to indent at all and not to
-eliminate anything. `C-c C-y' always uses the current message from the
-`RMAIL' buffer, so you can insert several old messages by selecting one
-in `RMAIL', switching to `*mail*' and yanking it, then switching back
-to `RMAIL' to select another.
-
- After using `C-c C-y', you can use the command `C-c C-q'
-(`mail-fill-yanked-message') to fill the paragraphs of the yanked old
-message or messages. One use of `C-c C-q' fills all such paragraphs,
-each one separately.
-
- Clicking the right mouse button in a mail buffer pops up a menu of
-the above commands, for easy access.
-
- Turning on Mail mode (which `C-x m' does automatically) calls the
-value of `text-mode-hook', if it is not void or `nil', and then calls
-the value of `mail-mode-hook' if that is not void or `nil'.
-
-\1f
-File: xemacs.info, Node: Reading Mail, Next: Calendar/Diary, Prev: Sending Mail, Up: Top
-
-Reading Mail
-************
-
- XEmacs provides three separate mail-reading packages. Each one
-comes with its own manual, which is included standard with the XEmacs
-distribution.
-
- The recommended mail-reading package for new users is VM. VM works
-with standard Unix-mail-format folders and was designed as a replacement
-for the older Rmail.
-
- XEmacs also provides a sophisticated and comfortable front-end to the
-MH mail-processing system, called `mh-e'. Unlike in other mail
-programs, folders in MH are stored as file-system directories, with
-each message occupying one (numbered) file. This facilitates working
-with mail using shell commands, and many other features of MH are also
-designed to integrate well with the shell and with shell scripts. Keep
-in mind, however, that in order to use mh-e you must have the MH
-mail-processing system installed on your computer.
-
- Finally, XEmacs provides the Rmail package. Rmail is (currently) the
-only mail reading package distributed with FSF GNU Emacs, and is
-powerful in its own right. However, it stores mail folders in a special
-format called `Babyl', that is incompatible with all other
-frequently-used mail programs. A utility program is provided for
-converting Babyl folders to standard Unix-mail format; however, unless
-you already have mail in Babyl-format folders, you should consider
-using VM or mh-e instead. (If at times you have to use FSF Emacs, it is
-not hard to obtain and install VM for that editor.)
-
-\1f
-File: xemacs.info, Node: Calendar/Diary, Next: Sorting, Prev: Reading Mail, Up: Top
-
-Calendar Mode and the Diary
-===========================
-
- Emacs provides the functions of a desk calendar, with a diary of
-planned or past events. To enter the calendar, type `M-x calendar';
-this displays a three-month calendar centered on the current month, with
-point on the current date. With a numeric argument, as in `C-u M-x
-calendar', it prompts you for the month and year to be the center of the
-three-month calendar. The calendar uses its own buffer, whose major
-mode is Calendar mode.
-
- `Button2' in the calendar brings up a menu of operations on a
-particular date; `Buttons3' brings up a menu of commonly used calendar
-features that are independent of any particular date. To exit the
-calendar, type `q'. *Note Customizing the Calendar and Diary:
-(elisp)Calendar, for customization information about the calendar and
-diary.
-
-* Menu:
-
-* Calendar Motion:: Moving through the calendar; selecting a date.
-* Scroll Calendar:: Bringing earlier or later months onto the screen.
-* Mark and Region:: Remembering dates, the mark ring.
-* General Calendar:: Exiting or recomputing the calendar.
-* LaTeX Calendar:: Print a calendar using LaTeX.
-* Holidays:: Displaying dates of holidays.
-* Sunrise/Sunset:: Displaying local times of sunrise and sunset.
-* Lunar Phases:: Displaying phases of the moon.
-* Other Calendars:: Converting dates to other calendar systems.
-* Diary:: Displaying events from your diary.
-* Calendar Customization:: Altering the behavior of the features above.
-
-\1f
-File: xemacs.info, Node: Calendar Motion, Next: Scroll Calendar, Prev: Calendar/Diary, Up: Calendar/Diary
-
-Movement in the Calendar
-------------------------
-
- Calendar mode lets you move through the calendar in logical units of
-time such as days, weeks, months, and years. If you move outside the
-three months originally displayed, the calendar display "scrolls"
-automatically through time to make the selected date visible. Moving to
-a date lets you view its holidays or diary entries, or convert it to
-other calendars; moving longer time periods is also useful simply to
-scroll the calendar.
-
-* Menu:
-
-* Calendar Unit Motion:: Moving by days, weeks, months, and years.
-* Move to Beginning or End:: Moving to start/end of weeks, months, and years.
-* Specified Dates:: Moving to the current date or another
- specific date.
-
-\1f
-File: xemacs.info, Node: Calendar Unit Motion, Next: Move to Beginning or End, Prev: Calendar Motion, Up: Calendar Motion
-
-Motion by Integral Days, Weeks, Months, Years
-.............................................
-
- The commands for movement in the calendar buffer parallel the
-commands for movement in text. You can move forward and backward by
-days, weeks, months, and years.
-
-`C-f'
- Move point one day forward (`calendar-forward-day').
-
-`C-b'
- Move point one day backward (`calendar-backward-day').
-
-`C-n'
- Move point one week forward (`calendar-forward-week').
-
-`C-p'
- Move point one week backward (`calendar-backward-week').
-
-`M-}'
- Move point one month forward (`calendar-forward-month').
-
-`M-{'
- Move point one month backward (`calendar-backward-month').
-
-`C-x ]'
- Move point one year forward (`calendar-forward-year').
-
-`C-x ['
- Move point one year backward (`calendar-backward-year').
-
- The day and week commands are natural analogues of the usual Emacs
-commands for moving by characters and by lines. Just as `C-n' usually
-moves to the same column in the following line, in Calendar mode it
-moves to the same day in the following week. And `C-p' moves to the
-same day in the previous week.
-
- The arrow keys are equivalent to `C-f', `C-b', `C-n' and `C-p', just
-as they normally are in other modes.
-
- The commands for motion by months and years work like those for
-weeks, but move a larger distance. The month commands `M-}' and `M-{'
-move forward or backward by an entire month's time. The year commands
-`C-x ]' and `C-x [' move forward or backward a whole year.
-
- The easiest way to remember these commands is to consider months and
-years analogous to paragraphs and pages of text, respectively. But the
-commands themselves are not quite analogous. The ordinary Emacs
-paragraph commands move to the beginning or end of a paragraph, whereas
-these month and year commands move by an entire month or an entire
-year, which usually involves skipping across the end of a month or year.
-
- All these commands accept a numeric argument as a repeat count. For
-convenience, the digit keys and the minus sign specify numeric
-arguments in Calendar mode even without the Meta modifier. For example,
-`100 C-f' moves point 100 days forward from its present location.
-
-\1f
-File: xemacs.info, Node: Move to Beginning or End, Next: Specified Dates, Prev: Calendar Unit Motion, Up: Calendar Motion
-
-Beginning or End of Week, Month or Year
-.......................................
-
- A week (or month, or year) is not just a quantity of days; we think
-of weeks (months, years) as starting on particular dates. So Calendar
-mode provides commands to move to the beginning or end of a week, month
-or year:
-
-`C-a'
- Move point to start of week (`calendar-beginning-of-week').
-
-`C-e'
- Move point to end of week (`calendar-end-of-week').
-
-`M-a'
- Move point to start of month (`calendar-beginning-of-month').
-
-`M-e'
- Move point to end of month (`calendar-end-of-month').
-
-`M-<'
- Move point to start of year (`calendar-beginning-of-year').
-
-`M->'
- Move point to end of year (`calendar-end-of-year').
-
- These commands also take numeric arguments as repeat counts, with the
-repeat count indicating how many weeks, months, or years to move
-backward or forward.
-
- By default, weeks begin on Sunday. To make them begin on Monday
-instead, set the variable `calendar-week-start-day' to 1.
-
-\1f
-File: xemacs.info, Node: Specified Dates, Prev: Move to Beginning or End, Up: Calendar Motion
-
-Particular Dates
-................
-
- Calendar mode provides commands for moving to a particular date
-specified in various ways.
-
-`g d'
- Move point to specified date (`calendar-goto-date').
-
-`o'
- Center calendar around specified month (`calendar-other-month').
-
-`.'
- Move point to today's date (`calendar-goto-today').
-
- `g d' (`calendar-goto-date') prompts for a year, a month, and a day
-of the month, and then moves to that date. Because the calendar
-includes all dates from the beginning of the current era, you must type
-the year in its entirety; that is, type `1990', not `90'.
-
- `o' (`calendar-other-month') prompts for a month and year, then
-centers the three-month calendar around that month.
-
- You can return to today's date with `.' (`calendar-goto-today').
-
-\1f
-File: xemacs.info, Node: Scroll Calendar, Next: Mark and Region, Prev: Calendar Motion, Up: Calendar/Diary
-
-Scrolling the Calendar through Time
------------------------------------
-
- The calendar display scrolls automatically through time when you
-move out of the visible portion. You can also scroll it manually.
-Imagine that the calendar window contains a long strip of paper with
-the months on it. Scrolling it means moving the strip so that new
-months become visible in the window.
-
-`C-x <'
- Scroll calendar one month forward (`scroll-calendar-left').
-
-`C-x >'
- Scroll calendar one month backward (`scroll-calendar-right').
-
-`C-v'
-`<NEXT>'
- Scroll calendar three months forward
- (`scroll-calendar-left-three-months').
-
-`M-v'
-`<PRIOR>'
- Scroll calendar three months backward
- (`scroll-calendar-right-three-months').
-
- The most basic calendar scroll commands scroll by one month at a
-time. This means that there are two months of overlap between the
-display before the command and the display after. `C-x <' scrolls the
-calendar contents one month to the left; that is, it moves the display
-forward in time. `C-x >' scrolls the contents to the right, which
-moves backwards in time.
-
- The commands `C-v' and `M-v' scroll the calendar by an entire
-"screenful"--three months--in analogy with the usual meaning of these
-commands. `C-v' makes later dates visible and `M-v' makes earlier
-dates visible. These commands take a numeric argument as a repeat
-count; in particular, since `C-u' multiplies the next command by four,
-typing `C-u C-v' scrolls the calendar forward by a year and typing `C-u
-M-v' scrolls the calendar backward by a year.
-
- The function keys <NEXT> and <PRIOR> are equivalent to `C-v' and
-`M-v', just as they are in other modes.
-
-\1f
-File: xemacs.info, Node: Mark and Region, Next: General Calendar, Prev: Scroll Calendar, Up: Calendar/Diary
-
-The Mark and the Region
------------------------
-
- The concept of the mark applies to the calendar just as to any other
-buffer, but it marks a *date*, not a *position* in the buffer. The
-region consists of the days between the mark and point (including the
-starting and stopping dates).
-
-`C-SPC'
- Set the mark to today's date (`calendar-set-mark').
-
-`C-@'
- The same.
-
-`C-x C-x'
- Interchange mark and point (`calendar-exchange-point-and-mark').
-
-`M-='
- Display the number of days in the current region
- (`calendar-count-days-region').
-
- You set the mark in the calendar, as in any other buffer, by using
-`C-@' or `C-SPC' (`calendar-set-mark'). You return to the marked date
-with the command `C-x C-x' (`calendar-exchange-point-and-mark') which
-puts the mark where point was and point where mark was. The calendar
-is scrolled as necessary, if the marked date was not visible on the
-screen. This does not change the extent of the region.
-
- To determine the number of days in the region, type `M-='
-(`calendar-count-days-region'). The numbers of days printed is
-*inclusive*; that is, it includes the days specified by mark and point.
-
- The main use of the mark in the calendar is to remember dates that
-you may want to go back to. To make this feature more useful, the mark
-ring (*note Mark Ring::.) operates exactly as in other buffers: Emacs
-remembers 16 previous locations of the mark. To return to a marked
-date, type `C-u C-SPC' (or `C-u C-@'); this is the command
-`calendar-set-mark' given a numeric argument. It moves point to where
-the mark was, restores the mark from the ring of former marks, and
-stores the previous point at the end of the mark ring. So, repeated
-use of this command moves point through all the old marks on the ring,
-one by one.
-
-\1f
-File: xemacs.info, Node: General Calendar, Next: LaTeX Calendar, Prev: Mark and Region, Up: Calendar/Diary
-
-Miscellaneous Calendar Commands
--------------------------------
-
-`p d'
- Display day-in-year (`calendar-print-day-of-year').
-
-`?'
- Briefly describe calendar commands (`describe-calendar-mode').
-
-`C-c C-l'
- Regenerate the calendar window (`redraw-calendar').
-
-`SPC'
- Scroll the next window (`scroll-other-window').
-
-`q'
- Exit from calendar (`exit-calendar').
-
- If you want to know how many days have elapsed since the start of
-the year, or the number of days remaining in the year, type the `p d'
-command (`calendar-print-day-of-year'). This displays both of those
-numbers in the echo area.
-
- To display a brief description of the calendar commands, type `?'
-(`describe-calendar-mode'). For a fuller description, type `C-h m'.
-
- You can use `SPC' (`scroll-other-window') to scroll the other
-window. This is handy when you display a list of holidays or diary
-entries in another window.
-
- If the calendar window text gets corrupted, type `C-c C-l'
-(`redraw-calendar') to redraw it. (This can only happen if you use
-non-Calendar-mode editing commands.)
-
- In Calendar mode, you can use `SPC' (`scroll-other-window') to
-scroll the other window. This is handy when you display a list of
-holidays or diary entries in another window.
-
- To exit from the calendar, type `q' (`exit-calendar'). This buries
-all buffers related to the calendar, selecting other buffers. (If a
-frame contains a dedicated calendar window, exiting from the calendar
-iconifies that frame.)
-
-\1f
-File: xemacs.info, Node: LaTeX Calendar, Next: Holidays, Prev: General Calendar, Up: Calendar/Diary
-
-LaTeX Calendar
-==============
-
- The Calendar LaTeX commands produce a buffer of LaTeX code that
-prints as a calendar. Depending on the command you use, the printed
-calendar covers the day, week, month or year that point is in.
-
-`t m'
- Generate a one-month calendar (`cal-tex-cursor-month').
-
-`t M'
- Generate a sideways-printing one-month calendar
- (`cal-tex-cursor-month-landscape').
-
-`t d'
- Generate a one-day calendar (`cal-tex-cursor-day').
-
-`t w 1'
- Generate a one-page calendar for one week (`cal-tex-cursor-week').
-
-`t w 2'
- Generate a two-page calendar for one week (`cal-tex-cursor-week2').
-
-`t w 3'
- Generate an ISO-style calendar for one week
- (`cal-tex-cursor-week-iso').
-
-`t w 4'
- Generate a calendar for one Monday-starting week
- (`cal-tex-cursor-week-monday').
-
-`t f w'
- Generate a Filofax-style two-weeks-at-a-glance calendar
- (`cal-tex-cursor-filofax-2week').
-
-`t f W'
- Generate a Filofax-style one-week-at-a-glance calendar
- (`cal-tex-cursor-filofax-week').
-
-`t y'
- Generate a calendar for one year (`cal-tex-cursor-year').
-
-`t Y'
- Generate a sideways-printing calendar for one year
- (`cal-tex-cursor-year-landscape').
-
-`t f y'
- Generate a Filofax-style calendar for one year
- (`cal-tex-cursor-filofax-year').
-
- Some of these commands print the calendar sideways (in "landscape
-mode"), so it can be wider than it is long. Some of them use Filofax
-paper size (3.75in x 6.75in). All of these commands accept a prefix
-argument which specifies how many days, weeks, months or years to print
-(starting always with the selected one).
-
- If the variable `cal-tex-holidays' is non-`nil' (the default), then
-the printed calendars show the holidays in `calendar-holidays'. If the
-variable `cal-tex-diary' is non-`nil' (the default is `nil'), diary
-entries are included also (in weekly and monthly calendars only).
-
-\1f
-File: xemacs.info, Node: Holidays, Next: Sunrise/Sunset, Prev: LaTeX Calendar, Up: Calendar/Diary
-
-Holidays
---------
-
- The Emacs calendar knows about all major and many minor holidays,
-and can display them.
-
-`h'
- Display holidays for the selected date
- (`calendar-cursor-holidays').
-
-`Button2 Holidays'
- Display any holidays for the date you click on.
-
-`x'
- Mark holidays in the calendar window (`mark-calendar-holidays').
-
-`u'
- Unmark calendar window (`calendar-unmark').
-
-`a'
- List all holidays for the displayed three months in another window
- (`list-calendar-holidays').
-
-`M-x holidays'
- List all holidays for three months around today's date in another
- window.
-
-`M-x list-holidays'
- List holidays in another window for a specified range of years.
-
- To see if any holidays fall on a given date, position point on that
-date in the calendar window and use the `h' command. Alternatively,
-click on that date with `Button2' and then choose `Holidays' from the
-menu that appears. Either way, this displays the holidays for that
-date, in the echo area if they fit there, otherwise in a separate
-window.
-
- To view the distribution of holidays for all the dates shown in the
-calendar, use the `x' command. This displays the dates that are
-holidays in a different face (or places a `*' after these dates, if
-display with multiple faces is not available). The command applies both
-to the currently visible months and to other months that subsequently
-become visible by scrolling. To turn marking off and erase the current
-marks, type `u', which also erases any diary marks (*note Diary::.).
-
- To get even more detailed information, use the `a' command, which
-displays a separate buffer containing a list of all holidays in the
-current three-month range. You can use <SPC> in the calendar window to
-scroll that list.
-
- The command `M-x holidays' displays the list of holidays for the
-current month and the preceding and succeeding months; this works even
-if you don't have a calendar window. If you want the list of holidays
-centered around a different month, use `C-u M-x holidays', which
-prompts for the month and year.
-
- The holidays known to Emacs include United States holidays and the
-major Christian, Jewish, and Islamic holidays; also the solstices and
-equinoxes.
-
- The command `M-x list-holidays' displays the list of holidays for a
-range of years. This function asks you for the starting and stopping
-years, and allows you to choose all the holidays or one of several
-categories of holidays. You can use this command even if you don't have
-a calendar window.
-
- The dates used by Emacs for holidays are based on *current
-practice*, not historical fact. Historically, for instance, the start
-of daylight savings time and even its existence have varied from year to
-year, but present United States law mandates that daylight savings time
-begins on the first Sunday in April. When the daylight savings rules
-are set up for the United States, Emacs always uses the present
-definition, even though it is wrong for some prior years.
-
-\1f
-File: xemacs.info, Node: Sunrise/Sunset, Next: Lunar Phases, Prev: Holidays, Up: Calendar/Diary
-
-Times of Sunrise and Sunset
----------------------------
-
- Special calendar commands can tell you, to within a minute or two,
-the times of sunrise and sunset for any date.
-
-`S'
- Display times of sunrise and sunset for the selected date
- (`calendar-sunrise-sunset').
-
-`Button2 Sunrise/Sunset'
- Display times of sunrise and sunset for the date you click on.
-
-`M-x sunrise-sunset'
- Display times of sunrise and sunset for today's date.
-
-`C-u M-x sunrise-sunset'
- Display times of sunrise and sunset for a specified date.
-
- Within the calendar, to display the *local times* of sunrise and
-sunset in the echo area, move point to the date you want, and type `S'.
-Alternatively, click `Button2' on the date, then choose
-`Sunrise/Sunset' from the menu that appears. The command `M-x
-sunrise-sunset' is available outside the calendar to display this
-information for today's date or a specified date. To specify a date
-other than today, use `C-u M-x sunrise-sunset', which prompts for the
-year, month, and day.
-
- You can display the times of sunrise and sunset for any location and
-any date with `C-u C-u M-x sunrise-sunset'. This asks you for a
-longitude, latitude, number of minutes difference from Coordinated
-Universal Time, and date, and then tells you the times of sunrise and
-sunset for that location on that date.
-
- Because the times of sunrise and sunset depend on the location on
-earth, you need to tell Emacs your latitude, longitude, and location
-name before using these commands. Here is an example of what to set:
-
- (setq calendar-latitude 40.1)
- (setq calendar-longitude -88.2)
- (setq calendar-location-name "Urbana, IL")
-
-Use one decimal place in the values of `calendar-latitude' and
-`calendar-longitude'.
-
- Your time zone also affects the local time of sunrise and sunset.
-Emacs usually gets time zone information from the operating system, but
-if these values are not what you want (or if the operating system does
-not supply them), you must set them yourself. Here is an example:
-
- (setq calendar-time-zone -360)
- (setq calendar-standard-time-zone-name "CST")
- (setq calendar-daylight-time-zone-name "CDT")
-
-The value of `calendar-time-zone' is the number of minutes difference
-between your local standard time and Coordinated Universal Time
-(Greenwich time). The values of `calendar-standard-time-zone-name' and
-`calendar-daylight-time-zone-name' are the abbreviations used in your
-time zone. Emacs displays the times of sunrise and sunset *corrected
-for daylight savings time*. *Note Daylight Savings::, for how daylight
-savings time is determined.
-
- As a user, you might find it convenient to set the calendar location
-variables for your usual physical location in your `.emacs' file. And
-when you install Emacs on a machine, you can create a `default.el' file
-which sets them properly for the typical location of most users of that
-machine. *Note Init File::.
-
-\1f
-File: xemacs.info, Node: Lunar Phases, Next: Other Calendars, Prev: Sunrise/Sunset, Up: Calendar/Diary
-
-Phases of the Moon
-------------------
-
- These calendar commands display the dates and times of the phases of
-the moon (new moon, first quarter, full moon, last quarter). This
-feature is useful for debugging problems that "depend on the phase of
-the moon."
-
-`M'
- Display the dates and times for all the quarters of the moon for
- the three-month period shown (`calendar-phases-of-moon').
-
-`M-x phases-of-moon'
- Display dates and times of the quarters of the moon for three
- months around today's date.
-
- Within the calendar, use the `M' command to display a separate
-buffer of the phases of the moon for the current three-month range. The
-dates and times listed are accurate to within a few minutes.
-
- Outside the calendar, use the command `M-x phases-of-moon' to
-display the list of the phases of the moon for the current month and the
-preceding and succeeding months. For information about a different
-month, use `C-u M-x phases-of-moon', which prompts for the month and
-year.
-
- The dates and times given for the phases of the moon are given in
-local time (corrected for daylight savings, when appropriate); but if
-the variable `calendar-time-zone' is void, Coordinated Universal Time
-(the Greenwich time zone) is used. *Note Daylight Savings::.
-
-\1f
-File: xemacs.info, Node: Other Calendars, Next: Calendar Systems, Prev: Lunar Phases, Up: Calendar/Diary
-
-Conversion To and From Other Calendars
---------------------------------------
-
- The Emacs calendar displayed is *always* the Gregorian calendar,
-sometimes called the "new style" calendar, which is used in most of the
-world today. However, this calendar did not exist before the sixteenth
-century and was not widely used before the eighteenth century; it did
-not fully displace the Julian calendar and gain universal acceptance
-until the early twentieth century. The Emacs calendar can display any
-month since January, year 1 of the current era, but the calendar
-displayed is the Gregorian, even for a date at which the Gregorian
-calendar did not exist.
-
- While Emacs cannot display other calendars, it can convert dates to
-and from several other calendars.
-
-* Menu:
-
-* Calendar Systems:: The calendars Emacs understands
- (aside from Gregorian).
-* To Other Calendar:: Converting the selected date to various calendars.
-* From Other Calendar:: Moving to a date specified in another calendar.
-* Mayan Calendar:: Moving to a date specified in a Mayan calendar.
-
- If you are interested in these calendars, you can convert dates one
-at a time. Put point on the desired date of the Gregorian calendar and
-press the appropriate keys. The `p' is a mnemonic for "print" since
-Emacs "prints' the equivalent date in the echo area.
-
-\1f
-File: xemacs.info, Node: Calendar Systems, Next: To Other Calendar, Prev: Other Calendars, Up: Other Calendars
-
-Supported Calendar Systems
-==========================
-
- The ISO commercial calendar is used largely in Europe.
-
- The Julian calendar, named after Julius Caesar, was the one used in
-Europe throughout medieval times, and in many countries up until the
-nineteenth century.
-
- Astronomers use a simple counting of days elapsed since noon, Monday,
-January 1, 4713 B.C. on the Julian calendar. The number of days elapsed
-is called the *Julian day number* or the *Astronomical day number*.
-
- The Hebrew calendar is used by tradition in the Jewish religion. The
-Emacs calendar program uses the Hebrew calendar to determine the dates
-of Jewish holidays. Hebrew calendar dates begin and end at sunset.
-
- The Islamic calendar is used in many predominantly Islamic countries.
-Emacs uses it to determine the dates of Islamic holidays. There is no
-universal agreement in the Islamic world about the calendar; Emacs uses
-a widely accepted version, but the precise dates of Islamic holidays
-often depend on proclamation by religious authorities, not on
-calculations. As a consequence, the actual dates of observance can vary
-slightly from the dates computed by Emacs. Islamic calendar dates begin
-and end at sunset.
-
- The French Revolutionary calendar was created by the Jacobins after
-the 1789 revolution, to represent a more secular and nature-based view
-of the annual cycle, and to install a 10-day week in a rationalization
-measure similar to the metric system. The French government officially
-abandoned this calendar at the end of 1805.
-
- The Maya of Central America used three separate, overlapping calendar
-systems, the *long count*, the *tzolkin*, and the *haab*. Emacs knows
-about all three of these calendars. Experts dispute the exact
-correlation between the Mayan calendar and our calendar; Emacs uses the
-Goodman-Martinez-Thompson correlation in its calculations.
-
- The Copts use a calendar based on the ancient Egyptian solar
-calendar. Their calendar consists of twelve 30-day months followed by
-an extra five-day period. Once every fourth year they add a leap day
-to this extra period to make it six days. The Ethiopic calendar is
-identical in structure, but has different year numbers and month names.
-
- The Persians use a solar calendar based on a design of Omar Khayyam.
-Their calendar consists of twelve months of which the first six have 31
-days, the next five have 30 days, and the last has 29 in ordinary years
-and 30 in leap years. Leap years occur in a complicated pattern every
-four or five years.
-
- The Chinese calendar is a complicated system of lunar months arranged
-into solar years. The years go in cycles of sixty, each year containing
-either twelve months in an ordinary year or thirteen months in a leap
-year; each month has either 29 or 30 days. Years, ordinary months, and
-days are named by combining one of ten "celestial stems" with one of
-twelve "terrestrial branches" for a total of sixty names that are
-repeated in a cycle of sixty.
-
projects / chise / xemacs-chise.git / blobdiff