-This is Info file ../../info/xemacs.info, produced by Makeinfo version
-1.68 from the input file xemacs.texi.
+This is ../info/xemacs.info, produced by makeinfo version 4.0 from
+xemacs/xemacs.texi.
INFO-DIR-SECTION XEmacs Editor
START-INFO-DIR-ENTRY
translation approved by the author instead of in the original English.
\1f
+File: xemacs.info, Node: Sunrise/Sunset, Next: Lunar Phases, Prev: Holidays, Up: Calendar/Diary
+
+Times of Sunrise and Sunset
+---------------------------
+
+ Special calendar commands can tell you, to within a minute or two,
+the times of sunrise and sunset for any date.
+
+`S'
+ Display times of sunrise and sunset for the selected date
+ (`calendar-sunrise-sunset').
+
+`Button2 Sunrise/Sunset'
+ Display times of sunrise and sunset for the date you click on.
+
+`M-x sunrise-sunset'
+ Display times of sunrise and sunset for today's date.
+
+`C-u M-x sunrise-sunset'
+ Display times of sunrise and sunset for a specified date.
+
+ Within the calendar, to display the _local times_ of sunrise and
+sunset in the echo area, move point to the date you want, and type `S'.
+Alternatively, click `Button2' on the date, then choose
+`Sunrise/Sunset' from the menu that appears. The command `M-x
+sunrise-sunset' is available outside the calendar to display this
+information for today's date or a specified date. To specify a date
+other than today, use `C-u M-x sunrise-sunset', which prompts for the
+year, month, and day.
+
+ You can display the times of sunrise and sunset for any location and
+any date with `C-u C-u M-x sunrise-sunset'. This asks you for a
+longitude, latitude, number of minutes difference from Coordinated
+Universal Time, and date, and then tells you the times of sunrise and
+sunset for that location on that date.
+
+ Because the times of sunrise and sunset depend on the location on
+earth, you need to tell Emacs your latitude, longitude, and location
+name before using these commands. Here is an example of what to set:
+
+ (setq calendar-latitude 40.1)
+ (setq calendar-longitude -88.2)
+ (setq calendar-location-name "Urbana, IL")
+
+Use one decimal place in the values of `calendar-latitude' and
+`calendar-longitude'.
+
+ Your time zone also affects the local time of sunrise and sunset.
+Emacs usually gets time zone information from the operating system, but
+if these values are not what you want (or if the operating system does
+not supply them), you must set them yourself. Here is an example:
+
+ (setq calendar-time-zone -360)
+ (setq calendar-standard-time-zone-name "CST")
+ (setq calendar-daylight-time-zone-name "CDT")
+
+The value of `calendar-time-zone' is the number of minutes difference
+between your local standard time and Coordinated Universal Time
+(Greenwich time). The values of `calendar-standard-time-zone-name' and
+`calendar-daylight-time-zone-name' are the abbreviations used in your
+time zone. Emacs displays the times of sunrise and sunset _corrected
+for daylight savings time_. *Note Daylight Savings::, for how daylight
+savings time is determined.
+
+ As a user, you might find it convenient to set the calendar location
+variables for your usual physical location in your `.emacs' file. And
+when you install Emacs on a machine, you can create a `default.el' file
+which sets them properly for the typical location of most users of that
+machine. *Note Init File::.
+
+\1f
+File: xemacs.info, Node: Lunar Phases, Next: Other Calendars, Prev: Sunrise/Sunset, Up: Calendar/Diary
+
+Phases of the Moon
+------------------
+
+ These calendar commands display the dates and times of the phases of
+the moon (new moon, first quarter, full moon, last quarter). This
+feature is useful for debugging problems that "depend on the phase of
+the moon."
+
+`M'
+ Display the dates and times for all the quarters of the moon for
+ the three-month period shown (`calendar-phases-of-moon').
+
+`M-x phases-of-moon'
+ Display dates and times of the quarters of the moon for three
+ months around today's date.
+
+ Within the calendar, use the `M' command to display a separate
+buffer of the phases of the moon for the current three-month range. The
+dates and times listed are accurate to within a few minutes.
+
+ Outside the calendar, use the command `M-x phases-of-moon' to
+display the list of the phases of the moon for the current month and the
+preceding and succeeding months. For information about a different
+month, use `C-u M-x phases-of-moon', which prompts for the month and
+year.
+
+ The dates and times given for the phases of the moon are given in
+local time (corrected for daylight savings, when appropriate); but if
+the variable `calendar-time-zone' is void, Coordinated Universal Time
+(the Greenwich time zone) is used. *Note Daylight Savings::.
+
+\1f
+File: xemacs.info, Node: Other Calendars, Next: Calendar Systems, Prev: Lunar Phases, Up: Calendar/Diary
+
+Conversion To and From Other Calendars
+--------------------------------------
+
+ The Emacs calendar displayed is _always_ the Gregorian calendar,
+sometimes called the "new style" calendar, which is used in most of the
+world today. However, this calendar did not exist before the sixteenth
+century and was not widely used before the eighteenth century; it did
+not fully displace the Julian calendar and gain universal acceptance
+until the early twentieth century. The Emacs calendar can display any
+month since January, year 1 of the current era, but the calendar
+displayed is the Gregorian, even for a date at which the Gregorian
+calendar did not exist.
+
+ While Emacs cannot display other calendars, it can convert dates to
+and from several other calendars.
+
+* Menu:
+
+* Calendar Systems:: The calendars Emacs understands
+ (aside from Gregorian).
+* To Other Calendar:: Converting the selected date to various calendars.
+* From Other Calendar:: Moving to a date specified in another calendar.
+* Mayan Calendar:: Moving to a date specified in a Mayan calendar.
+
+ If you are interested in these calendars, you can convert dates one
+at a time. Put point on the desired date of the Gregorian calendar and
+press the appropriate keys. The `p' is a mnemonic for "print" since
+Emacs "prints' the equivalent date in the echo area.
+
+\1f
+File: xemacs.info, Node: Calendar Systems, Next: To Other Calendar, Prev: Other Calendars, Up: Other Calendars
+
+Supported Calendar Systems
+==========================
+
+ The ISO commercial calendar is used largely in Europe.
+
+ The Julian calendar, named after Julius Caesar, was the one used in
+Europe throughout medieval times, and in many countries up until the
+nineteenth century.
+
+ Astronomers use a simple counting of days elapsed since noon, Monday,
+January 1, 4713 B.C. on the Julian calendar. The number of days elapsed
+is called the _Julian day number_ or the _Astronomical day number_.
+
+ The Hebrew calendar is used by tradition in the Jewish religion. The
+Emacs calendar program uses the Hebrew calendar to determine the dates
+of Jewish holidays. Hebrew calendar dates begin and end at sunset.
+
+ The Islamic calendar is used in many predominantly Islamic countries.
+Emacs uses it to determine the dates of Islamic holidays. There is no
+universal agreement in the Islamic world about the calendar; Emacs uses
+a widely accepted version, but the precise dates of Islamic holidays
+often depend on proclamation by religious authorities, not on
+calculations. As a consequence, the actual dates of observance can vary
+slightly from the dates computed by Emacs. Islamic calendar dates begin
+and end at sunset.
+
+ The French Revolutionary calendar was created by the Jacobins after
+the 1789 revolution, to represent a more secular and nature-based view
+of the annual cycle, and to install a 10-day week in a rationalization
+measure similar to the metric system. The French government officially
+abandoned this calendar at the end of 1805.
+
+ The Maya of Central America used three separate, overlapping calendar
+systems, the _long count_, the _tzolkin_, and the _haab_. Emacs knows
+about all three of these calendars. Experts dispute the exact
+correlation between the Mayan calendar and our calendar; Emacs uses the
+Goodman-Martinez-Thompson correlation in its calculations.
+
+ The Copts use a calendar based on the ancient Egyptian solar
+calendar. Their calendar consists of twelve 30-day months followed by
+an extra five-day period. Once every fourth year they add a leap day
+to this extra period to make it six days. The Ethiopic calendar is
+identical in structure, but has different year numbers and month names.
+
+ The Persians use a solar calendar based on a design of Omar Khayyam.
+Their calendar consists of twelve months of which the first six have 31
+days, the next five have 30 days, and the last has 29 in ordinary years
+and 30 in leap years. Leap years occur in a complicated pattern every
+four or five years.
+
+ The Chinese calendar is a complicated system of lunar months arranged
+into solar years. The years go in cycles of sixty, each year containing
+either twelve months in an ordinary year or thirteen months in a leap
+year; each month has either 29 or 30 days. Years, ordinary months, and
+days are named by combining one of ten "celestial stems" with one of
+twelve "terrestrial branches" for a total of sixty names that are
+repeated in a cycle of sixty.
+
+\1f
File: xemacs.info, Node: To Other Calendar, Next: From Other Calendar, Prev: Calendar Systems, Up: Other Calendars
Converting To Other Calendars
These commands ask you for a date on the other calendar, move point
to the Gregorian calendar date equivalent to that date, and display the
other calendar's date in the echo area. Emacs uses strict completion
-(*note Completion::.) whenever it asks you to type a month name, so you
+(*note Completion::) whenever it asks you to type a month name, so you
don't have to worry about the spelling of Hebrew, Islamic, or French
names.
Similarly, type `g m n h' to go to the next occurrence of a haab date.
The Maya also used the combination of the tzolkin date and the haab
-date. This combination is a cycle of about 52 years called a *calendar
-round*. If you type `g m p c', Emacs asks you for both a haab and a
+date. This combination is a cycle of about 52 years called a _calendar
+round_. If you type `g m p c', Emacs asks you for both a haab and a
tzolkin date and then moves point to the previous occurrence of that
combination. Use `g m n c' to move point to the next occurrence of a
combination. These commands signal an error if the haab/tzolkin date
combination you have typed is impossible.
- Emacs uses strict completion (*note Completion::.) whenever it asks
+ Emacs uses strict completion (*note Completion::) whenever it asks
you to type a Mayan name, so you don't have to worry about spelling.
\1f
Although you probably will start by creating a diary manually, Emacs
provides a number of commands to let you view, add, and change diary
entries. You can also share diary entries with other users (*note
-Included Diary Files::.).
+Included Diary Files::).
* Menu:
multiple faces is not available). The command applies both to the
currently visible months and to other months that subsequently become
visible by scrolling. To turn marking off and erase the current marks,
-type `u', which also turns off holiday marks (*note Holidays::.).
+type `u', which also turns off holiday marks (*note Holidays::).
To see the full diary file, rather than just some of the entries, use
the `s' command.
The diary buffer as you see it is an illusion, so simply printing the
buffer does not print what you see on your screen. There is a special
-command to print hard copy of the diary buffer *as it appears*; this
+command to print hard copy of the diary buffer _as it appears_; this
command is `M-x print-diary-entries'. It sends the data directly to
-the printer. You can customize it like `lpr-region' (*note
-Hardcopy::.).
+the printer. You can customize it like `lpr-region' (*note Hardcopy::).
The command `M-x diary' displays the diary entries for the current
date, independently of the calendar display, and optionally for the next
few days as well; the variable `number-of-diary-entries' specifies how
-many days to include (*note Customization::.).
+many days to include (*note Customization::).
If you put `(diary)' in your `.emacs' file, this automatically
displays a window with the day's diary entries, when you enter Emacs.
entries.
You can edit the diary entries as they appear in the window, but it
-is important to remember that the buffer displayed contains the *entire*
+is important to remember that the buffer displayed contains the _entire_
diary file, with portions of it concealed from view. This means, for
instance, that the `C-f' (`forward-char') command can put point at what
appears to be the end of the line, but what is in reality the middle of
some concealed line.
- *Be careful when editing the diary entries!* Inserting additional
+ _Be careful when editing the diary entries!_ Inserting additional
lines or adding/deleting characters in the middle of a visible line
cannot cause problems, but editing at the end of a line may not do what
you expect. Deleting a line may delete other invisible entries that
If you prefer the European style of writing dates--in which the day
comes before the month--type `M-x european-calendar' while in the
-calendar, or set the variable `european-calendar-style' to `t' *before*
+calendar, or set the variable `european-calendar-style' to `t' _before_
using any calendar or diary command. This mode interprets all dates in
the diary in the European manner, and also uses European style for
displaying diary dates. (Note that there is no comma after the
nonmarking entry, give a numeric argument to the command. For example,
`C-u i a' makes a nonmarking anniversary diary entry.
- Marking sexp diary entries in the calendar is *extremely*
+ Marking sexp diary entries in the calendar is _extremely_
time-consuming, since every date visible in the calendar window must be
individually checked. So it's a good idea to make sexp diary entries
nonmarking (with `&') when possible.
based on any Emacs Lisp expression. You can use the library of built-in
functions or you can write your own functions. The built-in functions
include the ones shown in this section, plus a few others (*note Sexp
-Diary Entries::.).
+Diary Entries::).
The generality of sexps lets you specify any diary entry that you can
describe algorithmically. Suppose you get paid on the 21st of the month
on the variable `date'; this variable is a list (MONTH DAY YEAR) that
gives the Gregorian date for which the diary entries are being found.
If the value of the sexp is `t', the entry applies to that date. If
-the sexp evaluates to `nil', the entry does *not* apply to that date.
+the sexp evaluates to `nil', the entry does _not_ apply to that date.
\1f
File: xemacs.info, Node: Calendar Customization, Prev: Diary, Up: Calendar/Diary
You can set the variable `mark-diary-entries-in-calendar' to `t' in
order to mark any dates with diary entries. This takes effect whenever
the calendar window contents are recomputed. There are two ways of
-marking these dates: by changing the face (*note Faces::.), if the
+marking these dates: by changing the face (*note Faces::), if the
display supports that, or by placing a plus sign (`+') beside the date
otherwise.
terminal.
A similar normal hook, `today-invisible-calendar-hook' is run if the
-current date is *not* visible in the window.
+current date is _not_ visible in the window.
\1f
File: xemacs.info, Node: Holiday Customizing, Next: Date Display Format, Prev: Calendar Customizing, Up: Calendar Customization
savings time should occur. For Cambridge, Massachusetts both variables'
values are 120.
-\1f
-File: xemacs.info, Node: Diary Customizing, Next: Hebrew/Islamic Entries, Prev: Daylight Savings, Up: Calendar Customization
-
-Customizing the Diary
-.....................
-
- Ordinarily, the mode line of the diary buffer window indicates any
-holidays that fall on the date of the diary entries. The process of
-checking for holidays can take several seconds, so including holiday
-information delays the display of the diary buffer noticeably. If you'd
-prefer to have a faster display of the diary buffer but without the
-holiday information, set the variable `holidays-in-diary-buffer' to
-`nil'.
-
- The variable `number-of-diary-entries' controls the number of days
-of diary entries to be displayed at one time. It affects the initial
-display when `view-diary-entries-initially' is `t', as well as the
-command `M-x diary'. For example, the default value is 1, which says
-to display only the current day's diary entries. If the value is 2,
-both the current day's and the next day's entries are displayed. The
-value can also be a vector of seven elements: for example, if the value
-is `[0 2 2 2 2 4 1]' then no diary entries appear on Sunday, the
-current date's and the next day's diary entries appear Monday through
-Thursday, Friday through Monday's entries appear on Friday, while on
-Saturday only that day's entries appear.
-
- The variable `print-diary-entries-hook' is a normal hook run after
-preparation of a temporary buffer containing just the diary entries
-currently visible in the diary buffer. (The other, irrelevant diary
-entries are really absent from the temporary buffer; in the diary
-buffer, they are merely hidden.) The default value of this hook does
-the printing with the command `lpr-buffer'. If you want to use a
-different command to do the printing, just change the value of this
-hook. Other uses might include, for example, rearranging the lines into
-order by day and time.
-
- You can customize the form of dates in your diary file, if neither
-the standard American nor European styles suits your needs, by setting
-the variable `diary-date-forms'. This variable is a list of patterns
-for recognizing a date. Each date pattern is a list whose elements may
-be regular expressions (*note Regexps::.) or the symbols `month',
-`day', `year', `monthname', and `dayname'. All these elements serve as
-patterns that match certain kinds of text in the diary file. In order
-for the date pattern, as a whole, to match, all of its elements must
-match consecutively.
-
- A regular expression in a date pattern matches in its usual fashion,
-using the standard syntax table altered so that `*' is a word
-constituent.
-
- The symbols `month', `day', `year', `monthname', and `dayname' match
-the month number, day number, year number, month name, and day name of
-the date being considered. The symbols that match numbers allow
-leading zeros; those that match names allow three-letter abbreviations
-and capitalization. All the symbols can match `*'; since `*' in a
-diary entry means "any day", "any month", and so on, it should match
-regardless of the date being considered.
-
- The default value of `diary-date-forms' in the American style is
-this:
-
- ((month "/" day "[^/0-9]")
- (month "/" day "/" year "[^0-9]")
- (monthname " *" day "[^,0-9]")
- (monthname " *" day ", *" year "[^0-9]")
- (dayname "\\W"))
-
-Emacs matches of the diary entries with the date forms is done with the
-standard syntax table from Fundamental mode (*note Syntax Tables:
-(lispref)Syntax Tables.), but with the `*' changed so that it is a word
-constituent.
-
- The date patterns in the list must be *mutually exclusive* and must
-not match any portion of the diary entry itself, just the date and one
-character of whitespace. If, to be mutually exclusive, the pattern
-must match a portion of the diary entry text--beyond the whitespace
-that ends the date--then the first element of the date pattern *must*
-be `backup'. This causes the date recognizer to back up to the
-beginning of the current word of the diary entry, after finishing the
-match. Even if you use `backup', the date pattern must absolutely not
-match more than a portion of the first word of the diary entry. The
-default value of `diary-date-forms' in the European style is this list:
-
- ((day "/" month "[^/0-9]")
- (day "/" month "/" year "[^0-9]")
- (backup day " *" monthname "\\W+\\<[^*0-9]")
- (day " *" monthname " *" year "[^0-9]")
- (dayname "\\W"))
-
-Notice the use of `backup' in the third pattern, because it needs to
-match part of a word beyond the date itself to distinguish it from the
-fourth pattern.
-
-\1f
-File: xemacs.info, Node: Hebrew/Islamic Entries, Next: Fancy Diary Display, Prev: Diary Customizing, Up: Calendar Customization
-
-Hebrew- and Islamic-Date Diary Entries
-......................................
-
- Your diary file can have entries based on Hebrew or Islamic dates, as
-well as entries based on the world-standard Gregorian calendar.
-However, because recognition of such entries is time-consuming and most
-people don't use them, you must explicitly enable their use. If you
-want the diary to recognize Hebrew-date diary entries, for example, you
-must do this:
-
- (add-hook 'nongregorian-diary-listing-hook 'list-hebrew-diary-entries)
- (add-hook 'nongregorian-diary-marking-hook 'mark-hebrew-diary-entries)
-
-If you want Islamic-date entries, do this:
-
- (add-hook 'nongregorian-diary-listing-hook 'list-islamic-diary-entries)
- (add-hook 'nongregorian-diary-marking-hook 'mark-islamic-diary-entries)
-
- Hebrew- and Islamic-date diary entries have the same formats as
-Gregorian-date diary entries, except that `H' precedes a Hebrew date
-and `I' precedes an Islamic date. Moreover, because the Hebrew and
-Islamic month names are not uniquely specified by the first three
-letters, you may not abbreviate them. For example, a diary entry for
-the Hebrew date Heshvan 25 could look like this:
-
- HHeshvan 25 Happy Hebrew birthday!
-
-and would appear in the diary for any date that corresponds to Heshvan
-25 on the Hebrew calendar. And here is Islamic-date diary entry that
-matches Dhu al-Qada 25:
-
- IDhu al-Qada 25 Happy Islamic birthday!
-
-and would appear in the diary for any date that corresponds to Dhu
-al-Qada 25 on the Islamic calendar.
-
- As with Gregorian-date diary entries, Hebrew- and Islamic-date
-entries are nonmarking if they are preceded with an ampersand (`&').
-
- Here is a table of commands used in the calendar to create diary
-entries that match the selected date and other dates that are similar
-in the Hebrew or Islamic calendar:
-
-`i h d'
- Add a diary entry for the Hebrew date corresponding to the
- selected date (`insert-hebrew-diary-entry').
-
-`i h m'
- Add a diary entry for the day of the Hebrew month corresponding to
- the selected date (`insert-monthly-hebrew-diary-entry'). This
- diary entry matches any date that has the same Hebrew
- day-within-month as the selected date.
-
-`i h y'
- Add a diary entry for the day of the Hebrew year corresponding to
- the selected date (`insert-yearly-hebrew-diary-entry'). This diary
- entry matches any date which has the same Hebrew month and
- day-within-month as the selected date.
-
-`i i d'
- Add a diary entry for the Islamic date corresponding to the
- selected date (`insert-islamic-diary-entry').
-
-`i i m'
- Add a diary entry for the day of the Islamic month corresponding
- to the selected date (`insert-monthly-islamic-diary-entry').
-
-`i i y'
- Add a diary entry for the day of the Islamic year corresponding to
- the selected date (`insert-yearly-islamic-diary-entry').
-
- These commands work much like the corresponding commands for ordinary
-diary entries: they apply to the date that point is on in the calendar
-window, and what they do is insert just the date portion of a diary
-entry at the end of your diary file. You must then insert the rest of
-the diary entry.
-
projects / chise / xemacs-chise.git / blobdiff