-This is Info file ../info/xemacs.info, produced by Makeinfo version
-1.68 from the input file xemacs/xemacs.texi.
+This is ../info/xemacs.info, produced by makeinfo version 4.0 from
+xemacs/xemacs.texi.
INFO-DIR-SECTION XEmacs Editor
START-INFO-DIR-ENTRY
translation approved by the author instead of in the original English.
\1f
+File: xemacs.info, Node: Mail Mode, Prev: Mail Headers, Up: Sending Mail
+
+Mail Mode
+=========
+
+ The major mode used in the `*mail*' buffer is Mail mode. Mail mode
+is similar to Text mode, but several commands are provided on the `C-c'
+prefix. These commands all deal specifically with editing or sending
+the message.
+
+`C-c C-s'
+ Send the message, and leave the `*mail*' buffer selected
+ (`mail-send').
+
+`C-c C-c'
+ Send the message, and select some other buffer
+ (`mail-send-and-exit').
+
+`C-c C-f C-t'
+ Move to the `To' header field, creating one if there is none
+ (`mail-to').
+
+`C-c C-f C-s'
+ Move to the `Subject' header field, creating one if there is none
+ (`mail-subject').
+
+`C-c C-f C-c'
+ Move to the `CC' header field, creating one if there is none
+ (`mail-cc').
+
+`C-c C-w'
+ Insert the file `~/.signature' at the end of the message text
+ (`mail-signature').
+
+`C-c C-y'
+ Yank the selected message (`mail-yank-original').
+
+`C-c C-q'
+ Fill all paragraphs of yanked old messages, each individually
+ (`mail-fill-yanked-message').
+
+`<button3>'
+ Pops up a menu of useful mail-mode commands.
+
+ There are two ways to send a message. `C-c C-c'
+(`mail-send-and-exit') is the usual way to send the message. It sends
+the message and then deletes the window (if there is another window) or
+switches to another buffer. It puts the `*mail*' buffer at the lowest
+priority for automatic reselection, since you are finished with using
+it. `C-c C-s' (`mail-send') sends the message and marks the `*mail*'
+buffer unmodified, but leaves that buffer selected so that you can
+modify the message (perhaps with new recipients) and send it again.
+
+ Mail mode provides some other special commands that are useful for
+editing the headers and text of the message before you send it. There
+are three commands defined to move point to particular header fields,
+all based on the prefix `C-c C-f' (`C-f' is for "field"). They are
+`C-c C-f C-t' (`mail-to') to move to the `To' field, `C-c C-f C-s'
+(`mail-subject') for the `Subject' field, and `C-c C-f C-c' (`mail-cc')
+for the `CC' field. These fields have special motion commands because
+they are edited most frequently.
+
+ `C-c C-w' (`mail-signature') adds a standard piece of text at the
+end of the message to say more about who you are. The text comes from
+the file `.signature' in your home directory.
+
+ When you use an Rmail command to send mail from the Rmail mail
+reader, you can use `C-c C-y' `mail-yank-original' inside the `*mail*'
+buffer to insert the text of the message you are replying to. Normally
+Rmail indents each line of that message four spaces and eliminates most
+header fields. A numeric argument specifies the number of spaces to
+indent. An argument of just `C-u' says not to indent at all and not to
+eliminate anything. `C-c C-y' always uses the current message from the
+`RMAIL' buffer, so you can insert several old messages by selecting one
+in `RMAIL', switching to `*mail*' and yanking it, then switching back
+to `RMAIL' to select another.
+
+ After using `C-c C-y', you can use the command `C-c C-q'
+(`mail-fill-yanked-message') to fill the paragraphs of the yanked old
+message or messages. One use of `C-c C-q' fills all such paragraphs,
+each one separately.
+
+ Clicking the right mouse button in a mail buffer pops up a menu of
+the above commands, for easy access.
+
+ Turning on Mail mode (which `C-x m' does automatically) calls the
+value of `text-mode-hook', if it is not void or `nil', and then calls
+the value of `mail-mode-hook' if that is not void or `nil'.
+
+\1f
+File: xemacs.info, Node: Reading Mail, Next: Calendar/Diary, Prev: Sending Mail, Up: Top
+
+Reading Mail
+************
+
+ XEmacs provides three separate mail-reading packages. Each one
+comes with its own manual, which is included standard with the XEmacs
+distribution.
+
+ The recommended mail-reading package for new users is VM. VM works
+with standard Unix-mail-format folders and was designed as a replacement
+for the older Rmail.
+
+ XEmacs also provides a sophisticated and comfortable front-end to the
+MH mail-processing system, called `mh-e'. Unlike in other mail
+programs, folders in MH are stored as file-system directories, with
+each message occupying one (numbered) file. This facilitates working
+with mail using shell commands, and many other features of MH are also
+designed to integrate well with the shell and with shell scripts. Keep
+in mind, however, that in order to use mh-e you must have the MH
+mail-processing system installed on your computer.
+
+ Finally, XEmacs provides the Rmail package. Rmail is (currently) the
+only mail reading package distributed with FSF GNU Emacs, and is
+powerful in its own right. However, it stores mail folders in a special
+format called `Babyl', that is incompatible with all other
+frequently-used mail programs. A utility program is provided for
+converting Babyl folders to standard Unix-mail format; however, unless
+you already have mail in Babyl-format folders, you should consider
+using VM or mh-e instead. (If at times you have to use FSF Emacs, it is
+not hard to obtain and install VM for that editor.)
+
+\1f
+File: xemacs.info, Node: Calendar/Diary, Next: Sorting, Prev: Reading Mail, Up: Top
+
+Calendar Mode and the Diary
+===========================
+
+ Emacs provides the functions of a desk calendar, with a diary of
+planned or past events. To enter the calendar, type `M-x calendar';
+this displays a three-month calendar centered on the current month, with
+point on the current date. With a numeric argument, as in `C-u M-x
+calendar', it prompts you for the month and year to be the center of the
+three-month calendar. The calendar uses its own buffer, whose major
+mode is Calendar mode.
+
+ `Button2' in the calendar brings up a menu of operations on a
+particular date; `Buttons3' brings up a menu of commonly used calendar
+features that are independent of any particular date. To exit the
+calendar, type `q'. *Note Customizing the Calendar and Diary:
+(elisp)Calendar, for customization information about the calendar and
+diary.
+
+* Menu:
+
+* Calendar Motion:: Moving through the calendar; selecting a date.
+* Scroll Calendar:: Bringing earlier or later months onto the screen.
+* Mark and Region:: Remembering dates, the mark ring.
+* General Calendar:: Exiting or recomputing the calendar.
+* LaTeX Calendar:: Print a calendar using LaTeX.
+* Holidays:: Displaying dates of holidays.
+* Sunrise/Sunset:: Displaying local times of sunrise and sunset.
+* Lunar Phases:: Displaying phases of the moon.
+* Other Calendars:: Converting dates to other calendar systems.
+* Diary:: Displaying events from your diary.
+* Calendar Customization:: Altering the behavior of the features above.
+
+\1f
+File: xemacs.info, Node: Calendar Motion, Next: Scroll Calendar, Prev: Calendar/Diary, Up: Calendar/Diary
+
+Movement in the Calendar
+------------------------
+
+ Calendar mode lets you move through the calendar in logical units of
+time such as days, weeks, months, and years. If you move outside the
+three months originally displayed, the calendar display "scrolls"
+automatically through time to make the selected date visible. Moving to
+a date lets you view its holidays or diary entries, or convert it to
+other calendars; moving longer time periods is also useful simply to
+scroll the calendar.
+
+* Menu:
+
+* Calendar Unit Motion:: Moving by days, weeks, months, and years.
+* Move to Beginning or End:: Moving to start/end of weeks, months, and years.
+* Specified Dates:: Moving to the current date or another
+ specific date.
+
+\1f
+File: xemacs.info, Node: Calendar Unit Motion, Next: Move to Beginning or End, Prev: Calendar Motion, Up: Calendar Motion
+
+Motion by Integral Days, Weeks, Months, Years
+.............................................
+
+ The commands for movement in the calendar buffer parallel the
+commands for movement in text. You can move forward and backward by
+days, weeks, months, and years.
+
+`C-f'
+ Move point one day forward (`calendar-forward-day').
+
+`C-b'
+ Move point one day backward (`calendar-backward-day').
+
+`C-n'
+ Move point one week forward (`calendar-forward-week').
+
+`C-p'
+ Move point one week backward (`calendar-backward-week').
+
+`M-}'
+ Move point one month forward (`calendar-forward-month').
+
+`M-{'
+ Move point one month backward (`calendar-backward-month').
+
+`C-x ]'
+ Move point one year forward (`calendar-forward-year').
+
+`C-x ['
+ Move point one year backward (`calendar-backward-year').
+
+ The day and week commands are natural analogues of the usual Emacs
+commands for moving by characters and by lines. Just as `C-n' usually
+moves to the same column in the following line, in Calendar mode it
+moves to the same day in the following week. And `C-p' moves to the
+same day in the previous week.
+
+ The arrow keys are equivalent to `C-f', `C-b', `C-n' and `C-p', just
+as they normally are in other modes.
+
+ The commands for motion by months and years work like those for
+weeks, but move a larger distance. The month commands `M-}' and `M-{'
+move forward or backward by an entire month's time. The year commands
+`C-x ]' and `C-x [' move forward or backward a whole year.
+
+ The easiest way to remember these commands is to consider months and
+years analogous to paragraphs and pages of text, respectively. But the
+commands themselves are not quite analogous. The ordinary Emacs
+paragraph commands move to the beginning or end of a paragraph, whereas
+these month and year commands move by an entire month or an entire
+year, which usually involves skipping across the end of a month or year.
+
+ All these commands accept a numeric argument as a repeat count. For
+convenience, the digit keys and the minus sign specify numeric
+arguments in Calendar mode even without the Meta modifier. For example,
+`100 C-f' moves point 100 days forward from its present location.
+
+\1f
+File: xemacs.info, Node: Move to Beginning or End, Next: Specified Dates, Prev: Calendar Unit Motion, Up: Calendar Motion
+
+Beginning or End of Week, Month or Year
+.......................................
+
+ A week (or month, or year) is not just a quantity of days; we think
+of weeks (months, years) as starting on particular dates. So Calendar
+mode provides commands to move to the beginning or end of a week, month
+or year:
+
+`C-a'
+ Move point to start of week (`calendar-beginning-of-week').
+
+`C-e'
+ Move point to end of week (`calendar-end-of-week').
+
+`M-a'
+ Move point to start of month (`calendar-beginning-of-month').
+
+`M-e'
+ Move point to end of month (`calendar-end-of-month').
+
+`M-<'
+ Move point to start of year (`calendar-beginning-of-year').
+
+`M->'
+ Move point to end of year (`calendar-end-of-year').
+
+ These commands also take numeric arguments as repeat counts, with the
+repeat count indicating how many weeks, months, or years to move
+backward or forward.
+
+ By default, weeks begin on Sunday. To make them begin on Monday
+instead, set the variable `calendar-week-start-day' to 1.
+
+\1f
+File: xemacs.info, Node: Specified Dates, Prev: Move to Beginning or End, Up: Calendar Motion
+
+Particular Dates
+................
+
+ Calendar mode provides commands for moving to a particular date
+specified in various ways.
+
+`g d'
+ Move point to specified date (`calendar-goto-date').
+
+`o'
+ Center calendar around specified month (`calendar-other-month').
+
+`.'
+ Move point to today's date (`calendar-goto-today').
+
+ `g d' (`calendar-goto-date') prompts for a year, a month, and a day
+of the month, and then moves to that date. Because the calendar
+includes all dates from the beginning of the current era, you must type
+the year in its entirety; that is, type `1990', not `90'.
+
+ `o' (`calendar-other-month') prompts for a month and year, then
+centers the three-month calendar around that month.
+
+ You can return to today's date with `.' (`calendar-goto-today').
+
+\1f
+File: xemacs.info, Node: Scroll Calendar, Next: Mark and Region, Prev: Calendar Motion, Up: Calendar/Diary
+
+Scrolling the Calendar through Time
+-----------------------------------
+
+ The calendar display scrolls automatically through time when you
+move out of the visible portion. You can also scroll it manually.
+Imagine that the calendar window contains a long strip of paper with
+the months on it. Scrolling it means moving the strip so that new
+months become visible in the window.
+
+`C-x <'
+ Scroll calendar one month forward (`scroll-calendar-left').
+
+`C-x >'
+ Scroll calendar one month backward (`scroll-calendar-right').
+
+`C-v'
+`<NEXT>'
+ Scroll calendar three months forward
+ (`scroll-calendar-left-three-months').
+
+`M-v'
+`<PRIOR>'
+ Scroll calendar three months backward
+ (`scroll-calendar-right-three-months').
+
+ The most basic calendar scroll commands scroll by one month at a
+time. This means that there are two months of overlap between the
+display before the command and the display after. `C-x <' scrolls the
+calendar contents one month to the left; that is, it moves the display
+forward in time. `C-x >' scrolls the contents to the right, which
+moves backwards in time.
+
+ The commands `C-v' and `M-v' scroll the calendar by an entire
+"screenful"--three months--in analogy with the usual meaning of these
+commands. `C-v' makes later dates visible and `M-v' makes earlier
+dates visible. These commands take a numeric argument as a repeat
+count; in particular, since `C-u' multiplies the next command by four,
+typing `C-u C-v' scrolls the calendar forward by a year and typing `C-u
+M-v' scrolls the calendar backward by a year.
+
+ The function keys <NEXT> and <PRIOR> are equivalent to `C-v' and
+`M-v', just as they are in other modes.
+
+\1f
+File: xemacs.info, Node: Mark and Region, Next: General Calendar, Prev: Scroll Calendar, Up: Calendar/Diary
+
+The Mark and the Region
+-----------------------
+
+ The concept of the mark applies to the calendar just as to any other
+buffer, but it marks a _date_, not a _position_ in the buffer. The
+region consists of the days between the mark and point (including the
+starting and stopping dates).
+
+`C-SPC'
+ Set the mark to today's date (`calendar-set-mark').
+
+`C-@'
+ The same.
+
+`C-x C-x'
+ Interchange mark and point (`calendar-exchange-point-and-mark').
+
+`M-='
+ Display the number of days in the current region
+ (`calendar-count-days-region').
+
+ You set the mark in the calendar, as in any other buffer, by using
+`C-@' or `C-SPC' (`calendar-set-mark'). You return to the marked date
+with the command `C-x C-x' (`calendar-exchange-point-and-mark') which
+puts the mark where point was and point where mark was. The calendar
+is scrolled as necessary, if the marked date was not visible on the
+screen. This does not change the extent of the region.
+
+ To determine the number of days in the region, type `M-='
+(`calendar-count-days-region'). The numbers of days printed is
+_inclusive_; that is, it includes the days specified by mark and point.
+
+ The main use of the mark in the calendar is to remember dates that
+you may want to go back to. To make this feature more useful, the mark
+ring (*note Mark Ring::) operates exactly as in other buffers: Emacs
+remembers 16 previous locations of the mark. To return to a marked
+date, type `C-u C-SPC' (or `C-u C-@'); this is the command
+`calendar-set-mark' given a numeric argument. It moves point to where
+the mark was, restores the mark from the ring of former marks, and
+stores the previous point at the end of the mark ring. So, repeated
+use of this command moves point through all the old marks on the ring,
+one by one.
+
+\1f
+File: xemacs.info, Node: General Calendar, Next: LaTeX Calendar, Prev: Mark and Region, Up: Calendar/Diary
+
+Miscellaneous Calendar Commands
+-------------------------------
+
+`p d'
+ Display day-in-year (`calendar-print-day-of-year').
+
+`?'
+ Briefly describe calendar commands (`describe-calendar-mode').
+
+`C-c C-l'
+ Regenerate the calendar window (`redraw-calendar').
+
+`SPC'
+ Scroll the next window (`scroll-other-window').
+
+`q'
+ Exit from calendar (`exit-calendar').
+
+ If you want to know how many days have elapsed since the start of
+the year, or the number of days remaining in the year, type the `p d'
+command (`calendar-print-day-of-year'). This displays both of those
+numbers in the echo area.
+
+ To display a brief description of the calendar commands, type `?'
+(`describe-calendar-mode'). For a fuller description, type `C-h m'.
+
+ You can use `SPC' (`scroll-other-window') to scroll the other
+window. This is handy when you display a list of holidays or diary
+entries in another window.
+
+ If the calendar window text gets corrupted, type `C-c C-l'
+(`redraw-calendar') to redraw it. (This can only happen if you use
+non-Calendar-mode editing commands.)
+
+ In Calendar mode, you can use `SPC' (`scroll-other-window') to
+scroll the other window. This is handy when you display a list of
+holidays or diary entries in another window.
+
+ To exit from the calendar, type `q' (`exit-calendar'). This buries
+all buffers related to the calendar, selecting other buffers. (If a
+frame contains a dedicated calendar window, exiting from the calendar
+iconifies that frame.)
+
+\1f
+File: xemacs.info, Node: LaTeX Calendar, Next: Holidays, Prev: General Calendar, Up: Calendar/Diary
+
+LaTeX Calendar
+==============
+
+ The Calendar LaTeX commands produce a buffer of LaTeX code that
+prints as a calendar. Depending on the command you use, the printed
+calendar covers the day, week, month or year that point is in.
+
+`t m'
+ Generate a one-month calendar (`cal-tex-cursor-month').
+
+`t M'
+ Generate a sideways-printing one-month calendar
+ (`cal-tex-cursor-month-landscape').
+
+`t d'
+ Generate a one-day calendar (`cal-tex-cursor-day').
+
+`t w 1'
+ Generate a one-page calendar for one week (`cal-tex-cursor-week').
+
+`t w 2'
+ Generate a two-page calendar for one week (`cal-tex-cursor-week2').
+
+`t w 3'
+ Generate an ISO-style calendar for one week
+ (`cal-tex-cursor-week-iso').
+
+`t w 4'
+ Generate a calendar for one Monday-starting week
+ (`cal-tex-cursor-week-monday').
+
+`t f w'
+ Generate a Filofax-style two-weeks-at-a-glance calendar
+ (`cal-tex-cursor-filofax-2week').
+
+`t f W'
+ Generate a Filofax-style one-week-at-a-glance calendar
+ (`cal-tex-cursor-filofax-week').
+
+`t y'
+ Generate a calendar for one year (`cal-tex-cursor-year').
+
+`t Y'
+ Generate a sideways-printing calendar for one year
+ (`cal-tex-cursor-year-landscape').
+
+`t f y'
+ Generate a Filofax-style calendar for one year
+ (`cal-tex-cursor-filofax-year').
+
+ Some of these commands print the calendar sideways (in "landscape
+mode"), so it can be wider than it is long. Some of them use Filofax
+paper size (3.75in x 6.75in). All of these commands accept a prefix
+argument which specifies how many days, weeks, months or years to print
+(starting always with the selected one).
+
+ If the variable `cal-tex-holidays' is non-`nil' (the default), then
+the printed calendars show the holidays in `calendar-holidays'. If the
+variable `cal-tex-diary' is non-`nil' (the default is `nil'), diary
+entries are included also (in weekly and monthly calendars only).
+
+\1f
+File: xemacs.info, Node: Holidays, Next: Sunrise/Sunset, Prev: LaTeX Calendar, Up: Calendar/Diary
+
+Holidays
+--------
+
+ The Emacs calendar knows about all major and many minor holidays,
+and can display them.
+
+`h'
+ Display holidays for the selected date
+ (`calendar-cursor-holidays').
+
+`Button2 Holidays'
+ Display any holidays for the date you click on.
+
+`x'
+ Mark holidays in the calendar window (`mark-calendar-holidays').
+
+`u'
+ Unmark calendar window (`calendar-unmark').
+
+`a'
+ List all holidays for the displayed three months in another window
+ (`list-calendar-holidays').
+
+`M-x holidays'
+ List all holidays for three months around today's date in another
+ window.
+
+`M-x list-holidays'
+ List holidays in another window for a specified range of years.
+
+ To see if any holidays fall on a given date, position point on that
+date in the calendar window and use the `h' command. Alternatively,
+click on that date with `Button2' and then choose `Holidays' from the
+menu that appears. Either way, this displays the holidays for that
+date, in the echo area if they fit there, otherwise in a separate
+window.
+
+ To view the distribution of holidays for all the dates shown in the
+calendar, use the `x' command. This displays the dates that are
+holidays in a different face (or places a `*' after these dates, if
+display with multiple faces is not available). The command applies both
+to the currently visible months and to other months that subsequently
+become visible by scrolling. To turn marking off and erase the current
+marks, type `u', which also erases any diary marks (*note Diary::).
+
+ To get even more detailed information, use the `a' command, which
+displays a separate buffer containing a list of all holidays in the
+current three-month range. You can use <SPC> in the calendar window to
+scroll that list.
+
+ The command `M-x holidays' displays the list of holidays for the
+current month and the preceding and succeeding months; this works even
+if you don't have a calendar window. If you want the list of holidays
+centered around a different month, use `C-u M-x holidays', which
+prompts for the month and year.
+
+ The holidays known to Emacs include United States holidays and the
+major Christian, Jewish, and Islamic holidays; also the solstices and
+equinoxes.
+
+ The command `M-x list-holidays' displays the list of holidays for a
+range of years. This function asks you for the starting and stopping
+years, and allows you to choose all the holidays or one of several
+categories of holidays. You can use this command even if you don't have
+a calendar window.
+
+ The dates used by Emacs for holidays are based on _current
+practice_, not historical fact. Historically, for instance, the start
+of daylight savings time and even its existence have varied from year to
+year, but present United States law mandates that daylight savings time
+begins on the first Sunday in April. When the daylight savings rules
+are set up for the United States, Emacs always uses the present
+definition, even though it is wrong for some prior years.
+
+\1f
File: xemacs.info, Node: Sunrise/Sunset, Next: Lunar Phases, Prev: Holidays, Up: Calendar/Diary
Times of Sunrise and Sunset
`C-u M-x sunrise-sunset'
Display times of sunrise and sunset for a specified date.
- Within the calendar, to display the *local times* of sunrise and
+ Within the calendar, to display the _local times_ of sunrise and
sunset in the echo area, move point to the date you want, and type `S'.
Alternatively, click `Button2' on the date, then choose
`Sunrise/Sunset' from the menu that appears. The command `M-x
between your local standard time and Coordinated Universal Time
(Greenwich time). The values of `calendar-standard-time-zone-name' and
`calendar-daylight-time-zone-name' are the abbreviations used in your
-time zone. Emacs displays the times of sunrise and sunset *corrected
-for daylight savings time*. *Note Daylight Savings::, for how daylight
+time zone. Emacs displays the times of sunrise and sunset _corrected
+for daylight savings time_. *Note Daylight Savings::, for how daylight
savings time is determined.
As a user, you might find it convenient to set the calendar location
-variables for your usual physical location in your `.emacs' file. And
-when you install Emacs on a machine, you can create a `default.el' file
+variables for your usual physical location in your init file. And when
+you install Emacs on a machine, you can create a `default.el' file
which sets them properly for the typical location of most users of that
machine. *Note Init File::.
Conversion To and From Other Calendars
--------------------------------------
- The Emacs calendar displayed is *always* the Gregorian calendar,
+ The Emacs calendar displayed is _always_ the Gregorian calendar,
sometimes called the "new style" calendar, which is used in most of the
world today. However, this calendar did not exist before the sixteenth
century and was not widely used before the eighteenth century; it did
Astronomers use a simple counting of days elapsed since noon, Monday,
January 1, 4713 B.C. on the Julian calendar. The number of days elapsed
-is called the *Julian day number* or the *Astronomical day number*.
+is called the _Julian day number_ or the _Astronomical day number_.
The Hebrew calendar is used by tradition in the Jewish religion. The
Emacs calendar program uses the Hebrew calendar to determine the dates
abandoned this calendar at the end of 1805.
The Maya of Central America used three separate, overlapping calendar
-systems, the *long count*, the *tzolkin*, and the *haab*. Emacs knows
+systems, the _long count_, the _tzolkin_, and the _haab_. Emacs knows
about all three of these calendars. Experts dispute the exact
correlation between the Mayan calendar and our calendar; Emacs uses the
Goodman-Martinez-Thompson correlation in its calculations.
These commands ask you for a date on the other calendar, move point
to the Gregorian calendar date equivalent to that date, and display the
other calendar's date in the echo area. Emacs uses strict completion
-(*note Completion::.) whenever it asks you to type a month name, so you
+(*note Completion::) whenever it asks you to type a month name, so you
don't have to worry about the spelling of Hebrew, Islamic, or French
names.
Similarly, type `g m n h' to go to the next occurrence of a haab date.
The Maya also used the combination of the tzolkin date and the haab
-date. This combination is a cycle of about 52 years called a *calendar
-round*. If you type `g m p c', Emacs asks you for both a haab and a
+date. This combination is a cycle of about 52 years called a _calendar
+round_. If you type `g m p c', Emacs asks you for both a haab and a
tzolkin date and then moves point to the previous occurrence of that
combination. Use `g m n c' to move point to the next occurrence of a
combination. These commands signal an error if the haab/tzolkin date
combination you have typed is impossible.
- Emacs uses strict completion (*note Completion::.) whenever it asks
+ Emacs uses strict completion (*note Completion::) whenever it asks
you to type a Mayan name, so you don't have to worry about spelling.
\1f
Although you probably will start by creating a diary manually, Emacs
provides a number of commands to let you view, add, and change diary
entries. You can also share diary entries with other users (*note
-Included Diary Files::.).
+Included Diary Files::).
* Menu:
multiple faces is not available). The command applies both to the
currently visible months and to other months that subsequently become
visible by scrolling. To turn marking off and erase the current marks,
-type `u', which also turns off holiday marks (*note Holidays::.).
+type `u', which also turns off holiday marks (*note Holidays::).
To see the full diary file, rather than just some of the entries, use
the `s' command.
The diary buffer as you see it is an illusion, so simply printing the
buffer does not print what you see on your screen. There is a special
-command to print hard copy of the diary buffer *as it appears*; this
+command to print hard copy of the diary buffer _as it appears_; this
command is `M-x print-diary-entries'. It sends the data directly to
-the printer. You can customize it like `lpr-region' (*note
-Hardcopy::.).
+the printer. You can customize it like `lpr-region' (*note Hardcopy::).
The command `M-x diary' displays the diary entries for the current
date, independently of the calendar display, and optionally for the next
few days as well; the variable `number-of-diary-entries' specifies how
-many days to include (*note Customization::.).
+many days to include (*note Customization::).
- If you put `(diary)' in your `.emacs' file, this automatically
-displays a window with the day's diary entries, when you enter Emacs.
-The mode line of the displayed window shows the date and any holidays
-that fall on that date.
+ If you put `(diary)' in your init file, this automatically displays
+a window with the day's diary entries, when you enter Emacs. *Note
+Init File::. The mode line of the displayed window shows the date and
+any holidays that fall on that date.
Many users like to receive notice of events in their diary as email.
To send such mail to yourself, use the command `M-x
entries.
You can edit the diary entries as they appear in the window, but it
-is important to remember that the buffer displayed contains the *entire*
+is important to remember that the buffer displayed contains the _entire_
diary file, with portions of it concealed from view. This means, for
instance, that the `C-f' (`forward-char') command can put point at what
appears to be the end of the line, but what is in reality the middle of
some concealed line.
- *Be careful when editing the diary entries!* Inserting additional
+ _Be careful when editing the diary entries!_ Inserting additional
lines or adding/deleting characters in the middle of a visible line
cannot cause problems, but editing at the end of a line may not do what
you expect. Deleting a line may delete other invisible entries that
If you prefer the European style of writing dates--in which the day
comes before the month--type `M-x european-calendar' while in the
-calendar, or set the variable `european-calendar-style' to `t' *before*
+calendar, or set the variable `european-calendar-style' to `t' _before_
using any calendar or diary command. This mode interprets all dates in
the diary in the European manner, and also uses European style for
displaying diary dates. (Note that there is no comma after the
the day of the week to three letters (with or without a period) or spell
it in full; case is not significant.
-\1f
-File: xemacs.info, Node: Adding to Diary, Next: Special Diary Entries, Prev: Date Formats, Up: Diary
-
-Commands to Add to the Diary
-----------------------------
-
- While in the calendar, there are several commands to create diary
-entries:
-
-`i d'
- Add a diary entry for the selected date (`insert-diary-entry').
-
-`i w'
- Add a diary entry for the selected day of the week
- (`insert-weekly-diary-entry').
-
-`i m'
- Add a diary entry for the selected day of the month
- (`insert-monthly-diary-entry').
-
-`i y'
- Add a diary entry for the selected day of the year
- (`insert-yearly-diary-entry').
-
- You can make a diary entry for a specific date by selecting that date
-in the calendar window and typing the `i d' command. This command
-displays the end of your diary file in another window and inserts the
-date; you can then type the rest of the diary entry.
-
- If you want to make a diary entry that applies to a specific day of
-the week, select that day of the week (any occurrence will do) and type
-`i w'. This inserts the day-of-week as a generic date; you can then
-type the rest of the diary entry. You can make a monthly diary entry in
-the same fashion. Select the day of the month, use the `i m' command,
-and type rest of the entry. Similarly, you can insert a yearly diary
-entry with the `i y' command.
-
- All of the above commands make marking diary entries by default. To
-make a nonmarking diary entry, give a numeric argument to the command.
-For example, `C-u i w' makes a nonmarking weekly diary entry.
-
- When you modify the diary file, be sure to save the file before
-exiting Emacs.
-
-\1f
-File: xemacs.info, Node: Special Diary Entries, Prev: Adding to Diary, Up: Diary
-
-Special Diary Entries
----------------------
-
- In addition to entries based on calendar dates, the diary file can
-contain "sexp entries" for regular events such as anniversaries. These
-entries are based on Lisp expressions (sexps) that Emacs evaluates as
-it scans the diary file. Instead of a date, a sexp entry contains `%%'
-followed by a Lisp expression which must begin and end with
-parentheses. The Lisp expression determines which dates the entry
-applies to.
-
- Calendar mode provides commands to insert certain commonly used sexp
-entries:
-
-`i a'
- Add an anniversary diary entry for the selected date
- (`insert-anniversary-diary-entry').
-
-`i b'
- Add a block diary entry for the current region
- (`insert-block-diary-entry').
-
-`i c'
- Add a cyclic diary entry starting at the date
- (`insert-cyclic-diary-entry').
-
- If you want to make a diary entry that applies to the anniversary of
-a specific date, move point to that date and use the `i a' command.
-This displays the end of your diary file in another window and inserts
-the anniversary description; you can then type the rest of the diary
-entry. The entry looks like this:
-
- The effect of `i a' is to add a `diary-anniversary' sexp to your
-diary file. You can also add one manually, for instance:
-
- %%(diary-anniversary 10 31 1948) Arthur's birthday
-
-This entry applies to October 31 in any year after 1948; `10 31 1948'
-specifies the date. (If you are using the European calendar style, the
-month and day are interchanged.) The reason this expression requires a
-beginning year is that advanced diary functions can use it to calculate
-the number of elapsed years.
-
- A "block" diary entry applies to a specified range of consecutive
-dates. Here is a block diary entry that applies to all dates from June
-24, 1990 through July 10, 1990:
-
- %%(diary-block 6 24 1990 7 10 1990) Vacation
-
-The `6 24 1990' indicates the starting date and the `7 10 1990'
-indicates the stopping date. (Again, if you are using the European
-calendar style, the month and day are interchanged.)
-
- To insert a block entry, place point and the mark on the two dates
-that begin and end the range, and type `i b'. This command displays
-the end of your diary file in another window and inserts the block
-description; you can then type the diary entry.
-
- "Cyclic" diary entries repeat after a fixed interval of days. To
-create one, select the starting date and use the `i c' command. The
-command prompts for the length of interval, then inserts the entry,
-which looks like this:
-
- %%(diary-cyclic 50 3 1 1990) Renew medication
-
-This entry applies to March 1, 1990 and every 50th day following; `3 1
-1990' specifies the starting date. (If you are using the European
-calendar style, the month and day are interchanged.)
-
- All three of these commands make marking diary entries. To insert a
-nonmarking entry, give a numeric argument to the command. For example,
-`C-u i a' makes a nonmarking anniversary diary entry.
-
- Marking sexp diary entries in the calendar is *extremely*
-time-consuming, since every date visible in the calendar window must be
-individually checked. So it's a good idea to make sexp diary entries
-nonmarking (with `&') when possible.
-
- Another sophisticated kind of sexp entry, a "floating" diary entry,
-specifies a regularly occurring event by offsets specified in days,
-weeks, and months. It is comparable to a crontab entry interpreted by
-the `cron' utility. Here is a nonmarking, floating diary entry that
-applies to the last Thursday in November:
-
- &%%(diary-float 11 4 -1) American Thanksgiving
-
-The 11 specifies November (the eleventh month), the 4 specifies Thursday
-(the fourth day of the week, where Sunday is numbered zero), and the -1
-specifies "last" (1 would mean "first", 2 would mean "second", -2 would
-mean "second-to-last", and so on). The month can be a single month or
-a list of months. Thus you could change the 11 above to `'(1 2 3)' and
-have the entry apply to the last Thursday of January, February, and
-March. If the month is `t', the entry applies to all months of the
-year.
-
- The sexp feature of the diary allows you to specify diary entries
-based on any Emacs Lisp expression. You can use the library of built-in
-functions or you can write your own functions. The built-in functions
-include the ones shown in this section, plus a few others (*note Sexp
-Diary Entries::.).
-
- The generality of sexps lets you specify any diary entry that you can
-describe algorithmically. Suppose you get paid on the 21st of the month
-if it is a weekday, and to the Friday before if the 21st is on a
-weekend. The diary entry
-
- &%%(let ((dayname (calendar-day-of-week date))
- (day (car (cdr date))))
- (or (and (= day 21) (memq dayname '(1 2 3 4 5)))
- (and (memq day '(19 20)) (= dayname 5)))
- ) Pay check deposited
-
-to just those dates. This example illustrates how the sexp can depend
-on the variable `date'; this variable is a list (MONTH DAY YEAR) that
-gives the Gregorian date for which the diary entries are being found.
-If the value of the sexp is `t', the entry applies to that date. If
-the sexp evaluates to `nil', the entry does *not* apply to that date.
-
-\1f
-File: xemacs.info, Node: Calendar Customization, Prev: Diary, Up: Calendar/Diary
-
-Customizing the Calendar and Diary
-----------------------------------
-
- There are many customizations that you can use to make the calendar
-and diary suit your personal tastes.
-
-* Menu:
-
-* Calendar Customizing:: Defaults you can set.
-* Holiday Customizing:: Defining your own holidays.
-* Date Display Format:: Changing the format.
-* Time Display Format:: Changing the format.
-* Daylight Savings:: Changing the default.
-* Diary Customizing:: Defaults you can set.
-* Hebrew/Islamic Entries:: How to obtain them.
-* Fancy Diary Display:: Enhancing the diary display, sorting entries.
-* Included Diary Files:: Sharing a common diary file.
-* Sexp Diary Entries:: Fancy things you can do.
-* Appt Customizing:: Customizing appointment reminders.
-
-\1f
-File: xemacs.info, Node: Calendar Customizing, Next: Holiday Customizing, Up: Calendar Customization
-
-Customizing the Calendar
-........................
-
- If you set the variable `view-diary-entries-initially' to `t',
-calling up the calendar automatically displays the diary entries for
-the current date as well. The diary dates appear only if the current
-date is visible. If you add both of the following lines to your
-`.emacs' file:
-
- (setq view-diary-entries-initially t)
- (calendar)
-
-this displays both the calendar and diary windows whenever you start
-Emacs.
-
- Similarly, if you set the variable
-`view-calendar-holidays-initially' to `t', entering the calendar
-automatically displays a list of holidays for the current three-month
-period. The holiday list appears in a separate window.
-
- You can set the variable `mark-diary-entries-in-calendar' to `t' in
-order to mark any dates with diary entries. This takes effect whenever
-the calendar window contents are recomputed. There are two ways of
-marking these dates: by changing the face (*note Faces::.), if the
-display supports that, or by placing a plus sign (`+') beside the date
-otherwise.
-
- Similarly, setting the variable `mark-holidays-in-calendar' to `t'
-marks holiday dates, either with a change of face or with an asterisk
-(`*').
-
- The variable `calendar-holiday-marker' specifies how to mark a date
-as being a holiday. Its value may be a character to insert next to the
-date, or a face name to use for displaying the date. Likewise, the
-variable `diary-entry-marker' specifies how to mark a date that has
-diary entries. The calendar creates faces named `holiday-face' and
-`diary-face' for these purposes; those symbols are the default values
-of these variables, when Emacs supports multiple faces on your terminal.
-
- The variable `calendar-load-hook' is a normal hook run when the
-calendar package is first loaded (before actually starting to display
-the calendar).
-
- Starting the calendar runs the normal hook
-`initial-calendar-window-hook'. Recomputation of the calendar display
-does not run this hook. But if you leave the calendar with the `q'
-command and reenter it, the hook runs again.
-
- The variable `today-visible-calendar-hook' is a normal hook run
-after the calendar buffer has been prepared with the calendar when the
-current date is visible in the window. One use of this hook is to
-replace today's date with asterisks; to do that, use the hook function
-`calendar-star-date'.
-
- (add-hook 'today-visible-calendar-hook 'calendar-star-date)
-
-Another standard hook function marks the current date, either by
-changing its face or by adding an asterisk. Here's how to use it:
-
- (add-hook 'today-visible-calendar-hook 'calendar-mark-today)
-
-The variable `calendar-today-marker' specifies how to mark today's
-date. Its value should be a character to insert next to the date or a
-face name to use for displaying the date. A face named
-`calendar-today-face' is provided for this purpose; that symbol is the
-default for this variable when Emacs supports multiple faces on your
-terminal.
-
-A similar normal hook, `today-invisible-calendar-hook' is run if the
-current date is *not* visible in the window.
-
-\1f
-File: xemacs.info, Node: Holiday Customizing, Next: Date Display Format, Prev: Calendar Customizing, Up: Calendar Customization
-
-Customizing the Holidays
-........................
-
- Emacs knows about holidays defined by entries on one of several
-lists. You can customize these lists of holidays to your own needs,
-adding or deleting holidays. The lists of holidays that Emacs uses are
-for general holidays (`general-holidays'), local holidays
-(`local-holidays'), Christian holidays (`christian-holidays'), Hebrew
-(Jewish) holidays (`hebrew-holidays'), Islamic (Moslem) holidays
-(`islamic-holidays'), and other holidays (`other-holidays').
-
- The general holidays are, by default, holidays common throughout the
-United States. To eliminate these holidays, set `general-holidays' to
-`nil'.
-
- There are no default local holidays (but sites may supply some). You
-can set the variable `local-holidays' to any list of holidays, as
-described below.
-
- By default, Emacs does not include all the holidays of the religions
-that it knows, only those commonly found in secular calendars. For a
-more extensive collection of religious holidays, you can set any (or
-all) of the variables `all-christian-calendar-holidays',
-`all-hebrew-calendar-holidays', or `all-islamic-calendar-holidays' to
-`t'. If you want to eliminate the religious holidays, set any or all
-of the corresponding variables `christian-holidays', `hebrew-holidays',
-and `islamic-holidays' to `nil'.
-
- You can set the variable `other-holidays' to any list of holidays.
-This list, normally empty, is intended for individual use.
-
- Each of the lists (`general-holidays', `local-holidays',
-`christian-holidays', `hebrew-holidays', `islamic-holidays', and
-`other-holidays') is a list of "holiday forms", each holiday form
-describing a holiday (or sometimes a list of holidays).
-
- Here is a table of the possible kinds of holiday form. Day numbers
-and month numbers count starting from 1, but "dayname" numbers count
-Sunday as 0. The element STRING is always the name of the holiday, as
-a string.
-
-`(holiday-fixed MONTH DAY STRING)'
- A fixed date on the Gregorian calendar. MONTH and DAY are
- numbers, STRING is the name of the holiday.
-
-`(holiday-float MONTH DAYNAME K STRING)'
- The Kth DAYNAME in MONTH on the Gregorian calendar (DAYNAME=0 for
- Sunday, and so on); negative K means count back from the end of
- the month. STRING is the name of the holiday.
-
-`(holiday-hebrew MONTH DAY STRING)'
- A fixed date on the Hebrew calendar. MONTH and DAY are numbers,
- STRING is the name of the holiday.
-
-`(holiday-islamic MONTH DAY STRING)'
- A fixed date on the Islamic calendar. MONTH and DAY are numbers,
- STRING is the name of the holiday.
-
-`(holiday-julian MONTH DAY STRING)'
- A fixed date on the Julian calendar. MONTH and DAY are numbers,
- STRING is the name of the holiday.
-
-`(holiday-sexp SEXP STRING)'
- A date calculated by the Lisp expression SEXP. The expression
- should use the variable `year' to compute and return the date of a
- holiday, or `nil' if the holiday doesn't happen this year. The
- value of SEXP must represent the date as a list of the form
- `(MONTH DAY YEAR)'. STRING is the name of the holiday.
-
-`(if CONDITION HOLIDAY-FORM &optional HOLIDAY-FORM)'
- A holiday that happens only if CONDITION is true.
-
-`(FUNCTION [ARGS])'
- A list of dates calculated by the function FUNCTION, called with
- arguments ARGS.
-
- For example, suppose you want to add Bastille Day, celebrated in
-France on July 14. You can do this by adding the following line to
-your `.emacs' file:
-
- (setq other-holidays '((holiday-fixed 7 14 "Bastille Day")))
-
-The holiday form `(holiday-fixed 7 14 "Bastille Day")' specifies the
-fourteenth day of the seventh month (July).
-
- Many holidays occur on a specific day of the week, at a specific time
-of month. Here is a holiday form describing Hurricane Supplication Day,
-celebrated in the Virgin Islands on the fourth Monday in August:
-
- (holiday-float 8 1 4 "Hurricane Supplication Day")
-
-Here the 8 specifies August, the 1 specifies Monday (Sunday is 0,
-Tuesday is 2, and so on), and the 4 specifies the fourth occurrence in
-the month (1 specifies the first occurrence, 2 the second occurrence,
--1 the last occurrence, -2 the second-to-last occurrence, and so on).
-
- You can specify holidays that occur on fixed days of the Hebrew,
-Islamic, and Julian calendars too. For example,
-
- (setq other-holidays
- '((holiday-hebrew 10 2 "Last day of Hanukkah")
- (holiday-islamic 3 12 "Mohammed's Birthday")
- (holiday-julian 4 2 "Jefferson's Birthday")))
-
-adds the last day of Hanukkah (since the Hebrew months are numbered with
-1 starting from Nisan), the Islamic feast celebrating Mohammed's
-birthday (since the Islamic months are numbered from 1 starting with
-Muharram), and Thomas Jefferson's birthday, which is 2 April 1743 on the
-Julian calendar.
-
- To include a holiday conditionally, use either Emacs Lisp's `if' or
-the `holiday-sexp' form. For example, American presidential elections
-occur on the first Tuesday after the first Monday in November of years
-divisible by 4:
-
- (holiday-sexp (if (= 0 (% year 4))
- (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute
- (1+ (calendar-dayname-on-or-before
- 1 (+ 6 (calendar-absolute-from-gregorian
- (list 11 1 year))))))
- "US Presidential Election"))
-
-or
-
- (if (= 0 (% displayed-year 4))
- (fixed 11
- (extract-calendar-day
- (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute
- (1+ (calendar-dayname-on-or-before
- 1 (+ 6 (calendar-absolute-from-gregorian
- (list 11 1 displayed-year)))))))
- "US Presidential Election"))
-
- Some holidays just don't fit into any of these forms because special
-calculations are involved in their determination. In such cases you
-must write a Lisp function to do the calculation. To include eclipses,
-for example, add `(eclipses)' to `other-holidays' and write an Emacs
-Lisp function `eclipses' that returns a (possibly empty) list of the
-relevant Gregorian dates among the range visible in the calendar
-window, with descriptive strings, like this:
-
- (((6 27 1991) "Lunar Eclipse") ((7 11 1991) "Solar Eclipse") ... )
-
-\1f
-File: xemacs.info, Node: Date Display Format, Next: Time Display Format, Prev: Holiday Customizing, Up: Calendar Customization
-
-Date Display Format
-...................
-
- You can customize the manner of displaying dates in the diary, in
-mode lines, and in messages by setting `calendar-date-display-form'.
-This variable holds a list of expressions that can involve the variables
-`month', `day', and `year', which are all numbers in string form, and
-`monthname' and `dayname', which are both alphabetic strings. In the
-American style, the default value of this list is as follows:
-
- ((if dayname (concat dayname ", ")) monthname " " day ", " year)
-
-while in the European style this value is the default:
-
- ((if dayname (concat dayname ", ")) day " " monthname " " year)
-
- + The ISO standard date representation is this:
-
- (year "-" month "-" day)
-
-This specifies a typical American format:
-
- (month "/" day "/" (substring year -2))
-
-\1f
-File: xemacs.info, Node: Time Display Format, Next: Daylight Savings, Prev: Date Display Format, Up: Calendar Customization
-
-Time Display Format
-...................
-
- The calendar and diary by default display times of day in the
-conventional American style with the hours from 1 through 12, minutes,
-and either `am' or `pm'. If you prefer the European style, also known
-in the US as military, in which the hours go from 00 to 23, you can
-alter the variable `calendar-time-display-form'. This variable is a
-list of expressions that can involve the variables `12-hours',
-`24-hours', and `minutes', which are all numbers in string form, and
-`am-pm' and `time-zone', which are both alphabetic strings. The
-default value of `calendar-time-display-form' is as follows:
-
- (12-hours ":" minutes am-pm
- (if time-zone " (") time-zone (if time-zone ")"))
-
-Here is a value that provides European style times:
-
- (24-hours ":" minutes
- (if time-zone " (") time-zone (if time-zone ")"))
-
-gives military-style times like `21:07 (UT)' if time zone names are
-defined, and times like `21:07' if they are not.
-
-\1f
-File: xemacs.info, Node: Daylight Savings, Next: Diary Customizing, Prev: Time Display Format, Up: Calendar Customization
-
-Daylight Savings Time
-.....................
-
- Emacs understands the difference between standard time and daylight
-savings time--the times given for sunrise, sunset, solstices,
-equinoxes, and the phases of the moon take that into account. The rules
-for daylight savings time vary from place to place and have also varied
-historically from year to year. To do the job properly, Emacs needs to
-know which rules to use.
-
- Some operating systems keep track of the rules that apply to the
-place where you are; on these systems, Emacs gets the information it
-needs from the system automatically. If some or all of this
-information is missing, Emacs fills in the gaps with the rules
-currently used in Cambridge, Massachusetts. If the resulting rules are
-not what you want, you can tell Emacs the rules to use by setting
-certain variables.
-
- If the default choice of rules is not appropriate for your location,
-you can tell Emacs the rules to use by setting the variables
-`calendar-daylight-savings-starts' and
-`calendar-daylight-savings-ends'. Their values should be Lisp
-expressions that refer to the variable `year', and evaluate to the
-Gregorian date on which daylight savings time starts or (respectively)
-ends, in the form of a list `(MONTH DAY YEAR)'. The values should be
-`nil' if your area does not use daylight savings time.
-
- Emacs uses these expressions to determine the starting date of
-daylight savings time for the holiday list and for correcting times of
-day in the solar and lunar calculations.
-
- The values for Cambridge, Massachusetts are as follows:
-
- (calendar-nth-named-day 1 0 4 year)
- (calendar-nth-named-day -1 0 10 year)
-
-That is, the first 0th day (Sunday) of the fourth month (April) in the
-year specified by `year', and the last Sunday of the tenth month
-(October) of that year. If daylight savings time were changed to start
-on October 1, you would set `calendar-daylight-savings-starts' to this:
-
- (list 10 1 year)
-
- For a more complex example, suppose daylight savings time begins on
-the first of Nisan on the Hebrew calendar. You should set
-`calendar-daylight-savings-starts' to this value:
-
- (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute
- (calendar-absolute-from-hebrew
- (list 1 1 (+ year 3760))))
-
-because Nisan is the first month in the Hebrew calendar and the Hebrew
-year differs from the Gregorian year by 3760 at Nisan.
-
- If there is no daylight savings time at your location, or if you want
-all times in standard time, set `calendar-daylight-savings-starts' and
-`calendar-daylight-savings-ends' to `nil'.
-
- The variable `calendar-daylight-time-offset' specifies the
-difference between daylight savings time and standard time, measured in
-minutes. The value for Cambridge, Massachusetts is 60.
-
- The two variables `calendar-daylight-savings-starts-time' and
-`calendar-daylight-savings-ends-time' specify the number of minutes
-after midnight local time when the transition to and from daylight
-savings time should occur. For Cambridge, Massachusetts both variables'
-values are 120.
-
projects / chise / xemacs-chise.git- / blobdiff