-This is ../info/xemacs.info, produced by makeinfo version 4.0 from
+This is ../info/xemacs.info, produced by makeinfo version 4.0b from
xemacs/xemacs.texi.
INFO-DIR-SECTION XEmacs Editor
translation approved by the author instead of in the original English.
\1f
+File: xemacs.info, Node: Library Keywords, Next: Help Mode, Prev: Apropos, Up: Help
+
+Keyword Search for Lisp Libraries
+=================================
+
+ The `C-h p' command lets you search the standard Emacs Lisp
+libraries by topic keywords. Here is a partial list of keywords you can
+use:
+
+ abbrev abbreviation handling, typing shortcuts, macros
+ bib code related to the `bib' bibliography processor
+ c C, C++, and Objective-C language support
+ calendar calendar and time management support
+ comm communications, networking, remote access to files
+ data support for editing files of data
+ docs support for Emacs documentation
+ dumped files preloaded into Emacs
+ emulations emulations of other editors
+ extensions Emacs Lisp language extensions
+ faces support for multiple fonts
+ frames support for Emacs frames and window systems
+ games games, jokes and amusements
+ hardware support for interfacing with exotic hardware
+ help support for on-line help systems
+ hypermedia support for links between text or other media types
+ i18n internationalization and alternate character-set support
+ internal code for Emacs internals, build process, defaults
+ languages specialized modes for editing programming languages
+ lisp Lisp support, including Emacs Lisp
+ local code local to your site
+ maint maintenance aids for the Emacs development group
+ mail modes for electronic-mail handling
+ matching various sorts of searching and matching
+ mouse mouse support
+ mule multi-language extensions
+ news support for netnews reading and posting
+ oop support for object-oriented programming
+ outlines support for hierarchical outlining
+ processes process, subshell, compilation, and job control support
+ terminals support for terminal types
+ tex code related to the TeX formatter
+ tools programming tools
+ unix front-ends/assistants for, or emulators of, UNIX features
+ vms support code for vms
+ wp word processing
+
+\1f
+File: xemacs.info, Node: Help Mode, Next: Misc Help, Prev: Library Keywords, Up: Help
+
+Help Mode Commands
+==================
+
+ Help buffers provide the commands of View mode (*note Misc File
+Ops::), plus a few special commands of their own.
+
+`<SPC>'
+ Scroll forward.
+
+`<DEL>'
+`<BS>'
+ Scroll backward.
+
+ When a command name (*note Running Commands by Name: M-x.) or
+variable name (*note Variables::) appears in the documentation, it
+normally appears inside paired single-quotes.
+
+\1f
+File: xemacs.info, Node: Misc Help, Prev: Help Mode, Up: Help
+
+Other Help Commands
+===================
+
+ `C-h i' (`info') runs the Info program, which is used for browsing
+through structured documentation files. The entire XEmacs manual is
+available within Info. Eventually all the documentation of the GNU
+system will be available. Type `h' after entering Info to run a
+tutorial on using Info.
+
+ If you specify a numeric argument, `C-h i' prompts for the name of a
+documentation file. This way, you can browse a file which doesn't have
+an entry in the top-level Info menu. It is also handy when you need to
+get to the documentation quickly, and you know the exact name of the
+file.
+
+ There are two special help commands for accessing XEmacs
+documentation through Info. `C-h C-f FUNCTION <RET>' enters Info and
+goes straight to the documentation of the XEmacs function FUNCTION.
+`C-h C-k KEY' enters Info and goes straight to the documentation of the
+key KEY. These two keys run the commands `Info-elisp-ref' and
+`Info-goto-emacs-key-command-node'.
+
+ If something surprising happens, and you are not sure what commands
+you typed, use `C-h l' (`view-lossage'). `C-h l' prints the last 100
+command characters you typed in. If you see commands that you don't
+know, you can use `C-h c' to find out what they do.
+
+ XEmacs has several major modes. Each mode redefines a few keys and
+makes a few other changes in how editing works. `C-h m'
+(`describe-mode') prints documentation on the current major mode, which
+normally describes all the commands that are changed in this mode.
+
+ `C-h b' (`describe-bindings') and `C-h s' (`describe-syntax')
+present information about the current XEmacs mode that is not covered
+by `C-h m'. `C-h b' displays a list of all the key bindings currently
+in effect, with the local bindings of the current major mode first,
+followed by the global bindings (*note Key Bindings::). `C-h s'
+displays the contents of the syntax table with explanations of each
+character's syntax (*note Syntax::).
+
+ You can get a similar list for a particular prefix key by typing
+`C-h' after the prefix key. (There are a few prefix keys for which
+this does not work--those that provide their own bindings for `C-h'.
+One of these is <ESC>, because `<ESC> C-h' is actually `C-M-h', which
+marks a defun.)
+
+ The other `C-h' options display various files of useful information.
+`C-h C-w' (`describe-no-warranty') displays the full details on the
+complete absence of warranty for XEmacs. `C-h n' (`view-emacs-news')
+displays the file `xemacs/etc/NEWS', which contains documentation on
+XEmacs changes arranged chronologically. `C-h F' (`xemacs-local-faq')
+displays local version of the XEmacs
+frequently-answered-questions-list. `C-h t' (`help-with-tutorial')
+displays the learn-by-doing XEmacs tutorial. `C-h C-c'
+(`describe-copying') displays the file `xemacs/etc/COPYING', which
+tells you the conditions you must obey in distributing copies of
+XEmacs. `C-h C-d' (`describe-distribution') displays another file named
+`xemacs/etc/DISTRIB', which tells you how you can order a copy of the
+latest version of XEmacs.
+
+\1f
+File: xemacs.info, Node: Mark, Next: Mouse Selection, Prev: Help, Up: Top
+
+Selecting Text
+**************
+
+ Many Emacs commands operate on an arbitrary contiguous part of the
+current buffer. You can select text in two ways:
+
+ * You use special keys to select text by defining a region between
+ point and the mark.
+
+ * If you are running XEmacs under X, you can also select text with
+ the mouse.
+
+The Mark and the Region
+=======================
+
+ To specify the text for a command to operate on, set "the mark" at
+one end of it, and move point to the other end. The text between point
+and the mark is called "the region". You can move point or the mark to
+adjust the boundaries of the region. It doesn't matter which one is
+set first chronologically, or which one comes earlier in the text.
+
+ Once the mark has been set, it remains until it is set again at
+another place. The mark remains fixed with respect to the preceding
+character if text is inserted or deleted in a buffer. Each Emacs
+buffer has its own mark; when you return to a buffer that had been
+selected previously, it has the same mark it had before.
+
+ Many commands that insert text, such as `C-y' (`yank') and `M-x
+insert-buffer', position the mark at one end of the inserted text--the
+opposite end from where point is positioned, so that the region
+contains the text just inserted.
+
+ Aside from delimiting the region, the mark is useful for marking a
+spot that you may want to go back to. To make this feature more useful,
+Emacs remembers 16 previous locations of the mark in the `mark ring'.
+
+* Menu:
+
+* Setting Mark:: Commands to set the mark.
+* Using Region:: Summary of ways to operate on contents of the region.
+* Marking Objects:: Commands to put region around textual units.
+* Mark Ring:: Previous mark positions saved so you can go back there.
+
+\1f
+File: xemacs.info, Node: Setting Mark, Next: Using Region, Prev: Mark, Up: Mark
+
+Setting the Mark
+----------------
+
+ Here are some commands for setting the mark:
+
+`C-<SPC>'
+ Set the mark where point is (`set-mark-command').
+
+`C-@'
+ The same.
+
+`C-x C-x'
+ Interchange mark and point (`exchange-point-and-mark').
+
+`C-<'
+ Pushes a mark at the beginning of the buffer.
+
+`C->'
+ Pushes a mark at the end of the buffer.
+
+ For example, to convert part of the buffer to all upper-case, you
+can use the `C-x C-u' (`upcase-region') command, which operates on the
+text in the region. First go to the beginning of the text you want to
+capitalize and type `C-<SPC>' to put the mark there, then move to the
+end, and then type `C-x C-u' to capitalize the selected region. You
+can also set the mark at the end of the text, move to the beginning,
+and then type `C-x C-u'. Most commands that operate on the text in the
+region have the word `region' in their names.
+
+ The most common way to set the mark is with the `C-<SPC>' command
+(`set-mark-command'). This command sets the mark where point is. You
+can then move point away, leaving the mark behind. It is actually
+incorrect to speak of the character `C-<SPC>'; there is no such
+character. When you type <SPC> while holding down <CTRL>, you get the
+character `C-@' on most terminals. This character is actually bound to
+`set-mark-command'. But unless you are unlucky enough to have a
+terminal where typing `C-<SPC>' does not produce `C-@', you should
+think of this character as `C-<SPC>'.
+
+ Since terminals have only one cursor, Emacs cannot show you where the
+mark is located. Most people use the mark soon after they set it, before
+they forget where it is. But you can see where the mark is with the
+command `C-x C-x' (`exchange-point-and-mark') which puts the mark where
+point was and point where the mark was. The extent of the region is
+unchanged, but the cursor and point are now at the previous location of
+the mark.
+
+ Another way to set the mark is to push the mark to the beginning of a
+buffer while leaving point at its original location. If you supply an
+argument to `C-<' (`mark-beginning-of-buffer'), the mark is pushed N/10
+of the way from the true beginning of the buffer. You can also set the
+mark at the end of a buffer with `C->' (`mark-end-of-buffer'). It
+pushes the mark to the end of the buffer, leaving point alone.
+Supplying an argument to the command pushes the mark N/10 of the way
+from the true end of the buffer.
+
+ If you are using XEmacs under the X window system, you can set the
+variable `zmacs-regions' to `t'. This makes the current region (defined
+by point and mark) highlight and makes it available as the X clipboard
+selection, which means you can use the menu bar items on it. *Note
+Active Regions::, for more information.
+
+ `C-x C-x' is also useful when you are satisfied with the location of
+point but want to move the mark; do `C-x C-x' to put point there and
+then you can move it. A second use of `C-x C-x', if necessary, puts
+the mark at the new location with point back at its original location.
+
+\1f
+File: xemacs.info, Node: Using Region, Next: Marking Objects, Prev: Setting Mark, Up: Mark
+
+Operating on the Region
+-----------------------
+
+ Once you have created an active region, you can do many things to
+the text in it:
+ * Kill it with `C-w' (*note Killing::).
+
+ * Save it in a register with `C-x r s' (*note Registers::).
+
+ * Save it in a buffer or a file (*note Accumulating Text::).
+
+ * Convert case with `C-x C-l' or `C-x C-u'
+ (*note Case::).
+
+ * Evaluate it as Lisp code with `M-x eval-region' (*note Lisp
+ Eval::).
+
+ * Fill it as text with `M-q' (*note Filling::).
+
+ * Print hardcopy with `M-x print-region' (*note Hardcopy::).
+
+ * Indent it with `C-x <TAB>' or `C-M-\' (*note Indentation::).
+
+\1f
+File: xemacs.info, Node: Marking Objects, Next: Mark Ring, Prev: Using Region, Up: Mark
+
+Commands to Mark Textual Objects
+--------------------------------
+
+ There are commands for placing point and the mark around a textual
+object such as a word, list, paragraph or page.
+
+`M-@'
+ Set mark after end of next word (`mark-word'). This command and
+ the following one do not move point.
+
+`C-M-@'
+ Set mark after end of next Lisp expression (`mark-sexp').
+
+`M-h'
+ Put region around current paragraph (`mark-paragraph').
+
+`C-M-h'
+ Put region around current Lisp defun (`mark-defun').
+
+`C-x h'
+ Put region around entire buffer (`mark-whole-buffer').
+
+`C-x C-p'
+ Put region around current page (`mark-page').
+
+ `M-@' (`mark-word') puts the mark at the end of the next word, while
+`C-M-@' (`mark-sexp') puts it at the end of the next Lisp expression.
+These characters sometimes save you some typing.
+
+ A number of commands are available that set both point and mark and
+thus delimit an object in the buffer. `M-h' (`mark-paragraph') moves
+point to the beginning of the paragraph that surrounds or follows
+point, and puts the mark at the end of that paragraph (*note
+Paragraphs::). You can then indent, case-convert, or kill the whole
+paragraph. In the same fashion, `C-M-h' (`mark-defun') puts point
+before and the mark after the current or following defun (*note
+Defuns::). `C-x C-p' (`mark-page') puts point before the current page
+(or the next or previous, depending on the argument), and mark at the
+end (*note Pages::). The mark goes after the terminating page
+delimiter (to include it), while point goes after the preceding page
+delimiter (to exclude it). Finally, `C-x h' (`mark-whole-buffer') sets
+up the entire buffer as the region by putting point at the beginning
+and the mark at the end.
+
+\1f
+File: xemacs.info, Node: Mark Ring, Prev: Marking Objects, Up: Mark
+
+The Mark Ring
+-------------
+
+ Aside from delimiting the region, the mark is also useful for marking
+a spot that you may want to go back to. To make this feature more
+useful, Emacs remembers 16 previous locations of the mark in the "mark
+ring". Most commands that set the mark push the old mark onto this
+ring. To return to a marked location, use `C-u C-<SPC>' (or `C-u
+C-@'); this is the command `set-mark-command' given a numeric argument.
+The command moves point to where the mark was, and restores the mark
+from the ring of former marks. Repeated use of this command moves point
+to all the old marks on the ring, one by one. The marks you have seen
+go to the end of the ring, so no marks are lost.
+
+ Each buffer has its own mark ring. All editing commands use the
+current buffer's mark ring. In particular, `C-u C-<SPC>' always stays
+in the same buffer.
+
+ Many commands that can move long distances, such as `M-<'
+(`beginning-of-buffer'), start by setting the mark and saving the old
+mark on the mark ring. This makes it easier for you to move back
+later. Searches set the mark, unless they do not actually move point.
+When a command sets the mark, `Mark Set' is printed in the echo area.
+
+ The variable `mark-ring-max' is the maximum number of entries to
+keep in the mark ring. If that many entries exist and another entry is
+added, the last entry in the list is discarded. Repeating `C-u
+C-<SPC>' circulates through the entries that are currently in the ring.
+
+ The variable `mark-ring' holds the mark ring itself, as a list of
+marker objects in the order most recent first. This variable is local
+in every buffer.
+
+\1f
+File: xemacs.info, Node: Mouse Selection, Next: Additional Mouse Operations, Prev: Mark, Up: Top
+
+Selecting Text with the Mouse
+=============================
+
+ If you are using XEmacs under X, you can use the mouse pointer to
+select text. (The normal mouse pointer is an I-beam, the same pointer
+that `xterm' uses.)
+
+ The glyph variable `text-pointer-glyph' controls the shape of the
+mouse pointer when over text. You can also control the shape of the
+mouse pointer when over nontext using `nontext-pointer-glyph', and the
+shape of the mouse pointer when over the modeline using
+`modeline-pointer-glyph'. (Remember, you should use `set-glyph-image',
+not `setq', to set one of these variables.)
+
+ If you want to get fancy, you can set the foreground and background
+colors of the mouse pointer by setting the `pointer' face.
+
+ There are two ways to select a region of text with the mouse:
+
+ To select a word in text, double-click with the left mouse button
+while the mouse cursor is over the word. The word is highlighted when
+selected. On monochrome monitors, a stippled background indicates that a
+region of text has been highlighted. On color monitors, a color
+background indicates highlighted text. You can triple-click to select
+whole lines.
+
+ To select an arbitrary region of text:
+
+ 1. Move the mouse cursor over the character at the beginning of the
+ region of text you want to select.
+
+ 2. Press and hold the left mouse button.
+
+ 3. While holding the left mouse button down, drag the cursor to the
+ character at the end of the region of text you want to select.
+
+ 4. Release the left mouse button.
+ The selected region of text is highlighted.
+
+ Once a region of text is selected, it becomes the primary X selection
+(*note Using X Selections::) as well as the Emacs selected region. You
+can paste it into other X applications and use the options from the
+Edit pull-down menu on it. Since it is also the Emacs region, you can
+use Emacs region commands on it.
+
+\1f
File: xemacs.info, Node: Additional Mouse Operations, Next: Killing, Prev: Mouse Selection, Up: Top
Additional Mouse Operations
results, because the file's text inside Emacs does not change while the
file itself changes.
-\1f
-File: xemacs.info, Node: Rectangles, Next: Registers, Prev: Accumulating Text, Up: Top
-
-Rectangles
-==========
-
- The rectangle commands affect rectangular areas of text: all
-characters between a certain pair of columns, in a certain range of
-lines. Commands are provided to kill rectangles, yank killed
-rectangles, clear them out, or delete them. Rectangle commands are
-useful with text in multicolumnar formats, like code with comments at
-the right, or for changing text into or out of such formats.
-
- To specify the rectangle a command should work on, put the mark at
-one corner and point at the opposite corner. The specified rectangle is
-called the "region-rectangle" because it is controlled about the same
-way the region is controlled. Remember that a given combination of
-point and mark values can be interpreted either as specifying a region
-or as specifying a rectangle; it is up to the command that uses them to
-choose the interpretation.
-
-`M-x delete-rectangle'
- Delete the text of the region-rectangle, moving any following text
- on each line leftward to the left edge of the region-rectangle.
-
-`M-x kill-rectangle'
- Similar, but also save the contents of the region-rectangle as the
- "last killed rectangle".
-
-`M-x yank-rectangle'
- Yank the last killed rectangle with its upper left corner at point.
-
-`M-x open-rectangle'
- Insert blank space to fill the space of the region-rectangle. The
- previous contents of the region-rectangle are pushed rightward.
-
-`M-x clear-rectangle'
- Clear the region-rectangle by replacing its contents with spaces.
-
- The rectangle operations fall into two classes: commands deleting and
-moving rectangles, and commands for blank rectangles.
-
- There are two ways to get rid of the text in a rectangle: you can
-discard the text (delete it) or save it as the "last killed" rectangle.
-The commands for these two ways are `M-x delete-rectangle' and `M-x
-kill-rectangle'. In either case, the portion of each line that falls
-inside the rectangle's boundaries is deleted, causing following text
-(if any) on the line to move left.
-
- Note that "killing" a rectangle is not killing in the usual sense;
-the rectangle is not stored in the kill ring, but in a special place
-that only records the most recently killed rectangle (that is, does not
-append to a killed rectangle). Different yank commands have to be used
-and only one rectangle is stored, because yanking a rectangle is quite
-different from yanking linear text and yank-popping commands are
-difficult to make sense of.
-
- Inserting a rectangle is the opposite of deleting one. You specify
-where to put the upper left corner by putting point there. The
-rectangle's first line is inserted at point, the rectangle's second line
-is inserted at a point one line vertically down, and so on. The number
-of lines affected is determined by the height of the saved rectangle.
-
- To insert the last killed rectangle, type `M-x yank-rectangle'.
-This can be used to convert single-column lists into double-column
-lists; kill the second half of the list as a rectangle and then yank it
-beside the first line of the list.
-
- There are two commands for working with blank rectangles: `M-x
-clear-rectangle' erases existing text, and `M-x open-rectangle' inserts
-a blank rectangle. Clearing a rectangle is equivalent to deleting it
-and then inserting a blank rectangle of the same size.
-
- Rectangles can also be copied into and out of registers. *Note
-Rectangle Registers: RegRect.
-
-\1f
-File: xemacs.info, Node: Registers, Next: Display, Prev: Rectangles, Up: Top
-
-Registers
-*********
-
- XEmacs "registers" are places in which you can save text or
-positions for later use. Once you save text or a rectangle in a
-register, you can copy it into the buffer once or many times; a position
-saved in a register is used by moving point to that position.
-Rectangles can also be copied into and out of registers (*note
-Rectangles::).
-
- Each register has a name which is a single character. A register can
-store a piece of text, a rectangle, a position, a window configuration,
-or a file name, but only one thing at any given time. Whatever you
-store in a register remains there until you store something else in that
-register. To see what a register R contains, use `M-x view-register'.
-
-`M-x view-register <RET> R'
- Display a description of what register R contains.
-
- `M-x view-register' reads a register name as an argument and then
-displays the contents of the specified register.
-
-* Menu:
-
-* Position: RegPos. Saving positions in registers.
-* Text: RegText. Saving text in registers.
-* Rectangle: RegRect. Saving rectangles in registers.
-* Configurations: RegConfig. Saving window configurations in registers.
-* Files: RegFiles. File names in registers.
-* Numbers: RegNumbers. Numbers in registers.
-* Bookmarks:: Bookmarks are like registers, but persistent.
-
-\1f
-File: xemacs.info, Node: RegPos, Next: RegText, Prev: Registers, Up: Registers
-
-Saving Positions in Registers
-=============================
-
- Saving a position records a place in a buffer so that you can move
-back there later. Moving to a saved position switches to that buffer
-and moves point to that place in it.
-
-`C-x r <SPC> R'
- Save position of point in register R (`point-to-register').
-
-`C-x r j R'
- Jump to the position saved in register R (`jump-to-register').
-
- To save the current position of point in a register, choose a name R
-and type `C-x r <SPC> R'. The register R retains the position thus
-saved until you store something else in that register.
-
- The command `C-x r j R' moves point to the position recorded in
-register R. The register is not affected; it continues to record the
-same location. You can jump to the same position using the same
-register as often as you want.
-
- If you use `C-x r j' to go to a saved position, but the buffer it
-was saved from has been killed, `C-x r j' tries to create the buffer
-again by visiting the same file. Of course, this works only for buffers
-that were visiting files.
-
-\1f
-File: xemacs.info, Node: RegText, Next: RegRect, Prev: RegPos, Up: Registers
-
-Saving Text in Registers
-========================
-
- When you want to insert a copy of the same piece of text many times,
-it can be impractical to use the kill ring, since each subsequent kill
-moves the piece of text further down on the ring. It becomes hard to
-keep track of the argument needed to retrieve the same text with `C-y'.
-An alternative is to store the text in a register with `C-x r s'
-(`copy-to-register') and then retrieve it with `C-x r i'
-(`insert-register').
-
-`C-x r s R'
- Copy region into register R (`copy-to-register').
-
-`C-x r g R'
-`C-x r i R'
- Insert text contents of register R (`insert-register').
-
- `C-x r s R' stores a copy of the text of the region into the
-register named R. Given a numeric argument, `C-x r s R' deletes the
-text from the buffer as well.
-
- `C-x r i R' inserts the text from register R in the buffer. By
-default it leaves point before the text and places the mark after it.
-With a numeric argument (`C-u'), it puts point after the text and the
-mark before it.
-
-\1f
-File: xemacs.info, Node: RegRect, Next: RegConfig, Prev: RegText, Up: Registers
-
-Saving Rectangles in Registers
-==============================
-
- A register can contain a rectangle instead of lines of text. The
-rectangle is represented as a list of strings. *Note Rectangles::, for
-basic information on rectangles and how to specify rectangles in a
-buffer.
-
-`C-x r r R'
- Copy the region-rectangle into register R
- (`copy-rectangle-to-register'). With a numeric argument, delete it
- as well.
-
-`C-x r g R'
-`C-x r i R'
- Insert the rectangle stored in register R (if it contains a
- rectangle) (`insert-register').
-
- The `C-x r i R' command inserts linear text if the register
-contains that, or inserts a rectangle if the register contains one.
-
- See also the command `sort-columns', which you can think of as
-sorting a rectangle. *Note Sorting::.
-
-\1f
-File: xemacs.info, Node: RegConfig, Next: RegNumbers, Prev: RegRect, Up: Registers
-
-Saving Window Configurations in Registers
-=========================================
-
- You can save the window configuration of the selected frame in a
-register, or even the configuration of all windows in all frames, and
-restore the configuration later.
-
-`C-x r w R'
- Save the state of the selected frame's windows in register R
- (`window-configuration-to-register').
-
-`M-x frame-configuration-to-register <RET> R'
- Save the state of all frames, including all their windows, in
- register R (`frame-configuration-to-register').
-
- Use `C-x r j R' to restore a window or frame configuration. This is
-the same command used to restore a cursor position. When you restore a
-frame configuration, any existing frames not included in the
-configuration become invisible. If you wish to delete these frames
-instead, use `C-u C-x r j R'.
-
-\1f
-File: xemacs.info, Node: RegNumbers, Next: RegFiles, Prev: RegConfig, Up: Registers
-
-Keeping Numbers in Registers
-============================
-
- There are commands to store a number in a register, to insert the
-number in the buffer in decimal, and to increment it. These commands
-can be useful in keyboard macros (*note Keyboard Macros::).
-
-`C-u NUMBER C-x r n REG'
- Store NUMBER into register REG (`number-to-register').
-
-`C-u NUMBER C-x r + REG'
- Increment the number in register REG by NUMBER
- (`increment-register').
-
-`C-x r g REG'
- Insert the number from register REG into the buffer.
-
- `C-x r g' is the same command used to insert any other sort of
-register contents into the buffer.
-
-\1f
-File: xemacs.info, Node: RegFiles, Next: Bookmarks, Prev: RegNumbers, Up: Registers
-
-Keeping File Names in Registers
-===============================
-
- If you visit certain file names frequently, you can visit them more
-conveniently if you put their names in registers. Here's the Lisp code
-used to put a file name in a register:
-
- (set-register ?R '(file . NAME))
-
-For example,
-
- (set-register ?z '(file . "/usr/src/xemacs/src/ChangeLog"))
-
-puts the file name shown in register `z'.
-
- To visit the file whose name is in register R, type `C-x r j R'.
-(This is the same command used to jump to a position or restore a frame
-configuration.)
-
-\1f
-File: xemacs.info, Node: Bookmarks, Prev: RegFiles, Up: Registers
-
-Bookmarks
-=========
-
- "Bookmarks" are somewhat like registers in that they record
-positions you can jump to. Unlike registers, they have long names, and
-they persist automatically from one Emacs session to the next. The
-prototypical use of bookmarks is to record "where you were reading" in
-various files.
-
- Note: bookmark.el is distributed in edit-utils package. You need to
-install that to use bookmark facility (*note Packages::).
-
-`C-x r m <RET>'
- Set the bookmark for the visited file, at point.
-
-`C-x r m BOOKMARK <RET>'
- Set the bookmark named BOOKMARK at point (`bookmark-set').
-
-`C-x r b BOOKMARK <RET>'
- Jump to the bookmark named BOOKMARK (`bookmark-jump').
-
-`C-x r l'
- List all bookmarks (`list-bookmarks').
-
-`M-x bookmark-save'
- Save all the current bookmark values in the default bookmark file.
-
- The prototypical use for bookmarks is to record one current position
-in each of several files. So the command `C-x r m', which sets a
-bookmark, uses the visited file name as the default for the bookmark
-name. If you name each bookmark after the file it points to, then you
-can conveniently revisit any of those files with `C-x r b', and move to
-the position of the bookmark at the same time.
-
- To display a list of all your bookmarks in a separate buffer, type
-`C-x r l' (`list-bookmarks'). If you switch to that buffer, you can
-use it to edit your bookmark definitions or annotate the bookmarks.
-Type `C-h m' in that buffer for more information about its special
-editing commands.
-
- When you kill XEmacs, XEmacs offers to save your bookmark values in
-your default bookmark file, `~/.emacs.bmk', if you have changed any
-bookmark values. You can also save the bookmarks at any time with the
-`M-x bookmark-save' command. The bookmark commands load your default
-bookmark file automatically. This saving and loading is how bookmarks
-persist from one XEmacs session to the next.
-
- If you set the variable `bookmark-save-flag' to 1, then each command
-that sets a bookmark will also save your bookmarks; this way, you don't
-lose any bookmark values even if XEmacs crashes. (The value, if a
-number, says how many bookmark modifications should go by between
-saving.)
-
- Bookmark position values are saved with surrounding context, so that
-`bookmark-jump' can find the proper position even if the file is
-modified slightly. The variable `bookmark-search-size' says how many
-characters of context to record, on each side of the bookmark's
-position.
-
- Here are some additional commands for working with bookmarks:
-
-`M-x bookmark-load <RET> FILENAME <RET>'
- Load a file named FILENAME that contains a list of bookmark
- values. You can use this command, as well as `bookmark-write', to
- work with other files of bookmark values in addition to your
- default bookmark file.
-
-`M-x bookmark-write <RET> FILENAME <RET>'
- Save all the current bookmark values in the file FILENAME.
-
-`M-x bookmark-delete <RET> BOOKMARK <RET>'
- Delete the bookmark named BOOKMARK.
-
-`M-x bookmark-insert-location <RET> BOOKMARK <RET>'
- Insert in the buffer the name of the file that bookmark BOOKMARK
- points to.
-
-`M-x bookmark-insert <RET> BOOKMARK <RET>'
- Insert in the buffer the _contents_ of the file that bookmark
- BOOKMARK points to.
-
-\1f
-File: xemacs.info, Node: Display, Next: Search, Prev: Registers, Up: Top
-
-Controlling the Display
-***********************
-
- Since only part of a large buffer fits in the window, XEmacs tries
-to show the part that is likely to be interesting. The display control
-commands allow you to specify which part of the text you want to see.
-
-`C-l'
- Clear frame and redisplay, scrolling the selected window to center
- point vertically within it (`recenter').
-
-`C-v'
-`pgdn'
-`next'
- Scroll forward (a windowful or a specified number of lines)
- (`scroll-up'). On most X keyboards, you can get this
- functionality using the key labelled `Page Down', which generates
- either `next' or `pgdn'.
-
-`M-v'
-`pgup'
-`prior'
- Scroll backward (`scroll-down'). On most X keyboards, you can get
- this functionality using the key labelled `Page Up', which
- generates either `prior' or `pgup'.
-
-`ARG C-l'
- Scroll so point is on line ARG (`recenter').
-
-`C-x <'
-`C-pgdn'
-`C-next'
- Scroll text in current window to the left (`scroll-left').
-
-`C-x >'
-`C-pgup'
-`C-prior'
- Scroll to the right (`scroll-right').
-
-`C-x $'
- Make deeply indented lines invisible (`set-selective-display').
-
-* Menu:
-
-* Scrolling:: Moving text up and down in a window.
-* Horizontal Scrolling:: Moving text left and right in a window.
-* Selective Display:: Hiding lines with lots of indentation.
-* Display Vars:: Information on variables for customizing display.
-
-\1f
-File: xemacs.info, Node: Scrolling, Next: Horizontal Scrolling, Prev: Display, Up: Display
-
-Scrolling
-=========
-
- If a buffer contains text that is too large to fit entirely within
-the window that is displaying the buffer, XEmacs shows a contiguous
-section of the text. The section shown always contains point.
-
- "Scrolling" means moving text up or down in the window so that
-different parts of the text are visible. Scrolling forward means that
-text moves up, and new text appears at the bottom. Scrolling backward
-moves text down and new text appears at the top.
-
- Scrolling happens automatically if you move point past the bottom or
-top of the window. You can also explicitly request scrolling with the
-commands in this section.
-
-`C-l'
- Clear frame and redisplay, scrolling the selected window to center
- point vertically within it (`recenter').
-
-`C-v'
-`pgdn'
-`next'
- Scroll forward (a windowful or a specified number of lines)
- (`scroll-up').
-
-`M-v'
-`pgup'
-`prior'
- Scroll backward (`scroll-down').
-
-`ARG C-l'
- Scroll so point is on line ARG (`recenter').
-
- The most basic scrolling command is `C-l' (`recenter') with no
-argument. It clears the entire frame and redisplays all windows. In
-addition, it scrolls the selected window so that point is halfway down
-from the top of the window.
-
- The scrolling commands `C-v' and `M-v' let you move all the text in
-the window up or down a few lines. `C-v' (`scroll-up') with an
-argument shows you that many more lines at the bottom of the window,
-moving the text and point up together as `C-l' might. `C-v' with a
-negative argument shows you more lines at the top of the window.
-`Meta-v' (`scroll-down') is like `C-v', but moves in the opposite
-direction.
-
- To read the buffer a windowful at a time, use `C-v' with no
-argument. `C-v' takes the last two lines at the bottom of the window
-and puts them at the top, followed by nearly a whole windowful of lines
-not previously visible. Point moves to the new top of the window if it
-was in the text scrolled off the top. `M-v' with no argument moves
-backward with similar overlap. The number of lines of overlap across a
-`C-v' or `M-v' is controlled by the variable
-`next-screen-context-lines'; by default, it is two.
-
- Another way to scroll is using `C-l' with a numeric argument. `C-l'
-does not clear the frame when given an argument; it only scrolls the
-selected window. With a positive argument N, `C-l' repositions text to
-put point N lines down from the top. An argument of zero puts point on
-the very top line. Point does not move with respect to the text;
-rather, the text and point move rigidly on the frame. `C-l' with a
-negative argument puts point that many lines from the bottom of the
-window. For example, `C-u - 1 C-l' puts point on the bottom line, and
-`C-u - 5 C-l' puts it five lines from the bottom. Just `C-u' as
-argument, as in `C-u C-l', scrolls point to the center of the frame.
-
- Scrolling happens automatically if point has moved out of the visible
-portion of the text when it is time to display. Usually scrolling is
-done to put point vertically centered within the window. However, if
-the variable `scroll-step' has a non-zero value, an attempt is made to
-scroll the buffer by that many lines; if that is enough to bring point
-back into visibility, that is what happens.
-
- Scrolling happens automatically if point has moved out of the visible
-portion of the text when it is time to display. Usually scrolling is
-done to put point vertically centered within the window. However, if
-the variable `scroll-step' has a non-zero value, an attempt is made to
-scroll the buffer by that many lines; if that is enough to bring point
-back into visibility, that is what happens.
-
- If you set `scroll-step' to a small value because you want to use
-arrow keys to scroll the screen without recentering, the redisplay
-preemption will likely make XEmacs keep recentering the screen when
-scrolling fast, regardless of `scroll-step'. To prevent this, set
-`scroll-conservatively' to a small value, which will have the result of
-overriding the redisplay preemption.
-