-This is Info file ../info/xemacs.info, produced by Makeinfo version
-1.68 from the input file xemacs/xemacs.texi.
+This is ../info/xemacs.info, produced by makeinfo version 4.0 from
+xemacs/xemacs.texi.
INFO-DIR-SECTION XEmacs Editor
START-INFO-DIR-ENTRY
translation approved by the author instead of in the original English.
\1f
+File: xemacs.info, Node: Change Window, Prev: Pop Up Window, Up: Windows
+
+Deleting and Rearranging Windows
+================================
+
+`C-x 0'
+ Get rid of the selected window (`delete-window'). That is a zero.
+ If there is more than one Emacs frame, deleting the sole remaining
+ window on that frame deletes the frame as well. If the current
+ frame is the only frame, it is not deleted.
+
+`C-x 1'
+ Get rid of all windows except the selected one
+ (`delete-other-windows').
+
+`C-x ^'
+ Make the selected window taller, at the expense of the other(s)
+ (`enlarge-window').
+
+`C-x }'
+ Make the selected window wider (`enlarge-window-horizontally').
+
+ To delete a window, type `C-x 0' (`delete-window'). (That is a
+zero.) The space occupied by the deleted window is distributed among
+the other active windows (but not the minibuffer window, even if that
+is active at the time). Once a window is deleted, its attributes are
+forgotten; there is no automatic way to make another window of the same
+shape or showing the same buffer. The buffer continues to exist, and
+you can select it in any window with `C-x b'.
+
+ `C-x 1' (`delete-other-windows') is more powerful than `C-x 0'; it
+deletes all the windows except the selected one (and the minibuffer).
+The selected window expands to use the whole frame except for the echo
+area.
+
+ To readjust the division of space among existing windows, use `C-x
+^' (`enlarge-window'). It makes the currently selected window longer
+by one line or as many lines as a numeric argument specifies. With a
+negative argument, it makes the selected window smaller. `C-x }'
+(`enlarge-window-horizontally') makes the selected window wider by the
+specified number of columns. The extra screen space given to a window
+comes from one of its neighbors, if that is possible; otherwise, all
+the competing windows are shrunk in the same proportion. If this makes
+some windows too small, those windows are deleted and their space is
+divided up. Minimum window size is specified by the variables
+`window-min-height' and `window-min-width'.
+
+ You can also resize windows within a frame by clicking the left mouse
+button on a modeline, and dragging.
+
+ Clicking the right button on a mode line pops up a menu of common
+window manager operations. This menu contains the following options:
+
+Delete Window
+ Remove the window above this modeline from the frame.
+
+Delete Other Windows
+ Delete all windows on the frame except for the one above this
+ modeline.
+
+Split Window
+ Split the window above the mode line in half, creating another
+ window.
+
+Split Window Horizontally
+ Split the window above the mode line in half horizontally, so that
+ there will be two windows side-by-side.
+
+Balance Windows
+ Readjust the sizes of all windows on the frame until all windows
+ have roughly the same number of lines.
+
+\1f
+File: xemacs.info, Node: Mule, Next: Major Modes, Prev: Windows, Up: Top
+
+World Scripts Support
+*********************
+
+ If you compile XEmacs with mule option, it supports a wide variety of
+world scripts, including Latin script, as well as Arabic script,
+Simplified Chinese script (for mainland of China), Traditional Chinese
+script (for Taiwan and Hong-Kong), Greek script, Hebrew script, IPA
+symbols, Japanese scripts (Hiragana, Katakana and Kanji), Korean scripts
+(Hangul and Hanja) and Cyrillic script (for Beylorussian, Bulgarian,
+Russian, Serbian and Ukrainian). These features have been merged from
+the modified version of Emacs known as MULE (for "MULti-lingual
+Enhancement to GNU Emacs").
+
+* Menu:
+
+* Mule Intro:: Basic concepts of Mule.
+* Language Environments:: Setting things up for the language you use.
+* Input Methods:: Entering text characters not on your keyboard.
+* Select Input Method:: Specifying your choice of input methods.
+* Coding Systems:: Character set conversion when you read and
+ write files, and so on.
+* Recognize Coding:: How XEmacs figures out which conversion to use.
+* Specify Coding:: Various ways to choose which conversion to use.
+
+\1f
+File: xemacs.info, Node: Mule Intro, Next: Language Environments, Prev: Mule, Up: Mule
+
+Introduction to world scripts
+=============================
+
+ The users of these scripts have established many more-or-less
+standard coding systems for storing files. XEmacs translates between
+the internal character encoding and various other coding systems when
+reading and writing files, when exchanging data with subprocesses, and
+(in some cases) in the `C-q' command (see below).
+
+ The command `C-h h' (`view-hello-file') displays the file
+`etc/HELLO', which shows how to say "hello" in many languages. This
+illustrates various scripts.
+
+ Keyboards, even in the countries where these character sets are used,
+generally don't have keys for all the characters in them. So XEmacs
+supports various "input methods", typically one for each script or
+language, to make it convenient to type them.
+
+ The prefix key `C-x <RET>' is used for commands that pertain to
+world scripts, coding systems, and input methods.
+
+\1f
+File: xemacs.info, Node: Language Environments, Next: Input Methods, Prev: Mule Intro, Up: Mule
+
+Language Environments
+=====================
+
+ All supported character sets are supported in XEmacs buffers if it is
+compile with mule; there is no need to select a particular language in
+order to display its characters in an XEmacs buffer. However, it is
+important to select a "language environment" in order to set various
+defaults. The language environment really represents a choice of
+preferred script (more or less) rather that a choice of language.
+
+ The language environment controls which coding systems to recognize
+when reading text (*note Recognize Coding::). This applies to files,
+incoming mail, netnews, and any other text you read into XEmacs. It may
+also specify the default coding system to use when you create a file.
+Each language environment also specifies a default input method.
+
+ The command to select a language environment is `M-x
+set-language-environment'. It makes no difference which buffer is
+current when you use this command, because the effects apply globally to
+the XEmacs session. The supported language environments include:
+
+ Chinese-BIG5, Chinese-CNS, Chinese-GB, Cyrillic-ISO, English,
+ Ethiopic, Greek, Japanese, Korean, Latin-1, Latin-2, Latin-3,
+ Latin-4, Latin-5.
+
+ Some operating systems let you specify the language you are using by
+setting locale environment variables. XEmacs handles one common special
+case of this: if your locale name for character types contains the
+string `8859-N', XEmacs automatically selects the corresponding
+language environment.
+
+ To display information about the effects of a certain language
+environment LANG-ENV, use the command `C-h L LANG-ENV <RET>'
+(`describe-language-environment'). This tells you which languages this
+language environment is useful for, and lists the character sets,
+coding systems, and input methods that go with it. It also shows some
+sample text to illustrate scripts used in this language environment.
+By default, this command describes the chosen language environment.
+
+\1f
File: xemacs.info, Node: Input Methods, Next: Select Input Method, Prev: Language Environments, Up: Mule
Input Methods
as argument; alternatively, with an empty argument, it describes the
coding systems currently selected for various purposes, both in the
current buffer and as the defaults, and the priority list for
-recognizing coding systems (*note Recognize Coding::.).
+recognizing coding systems (*note Recognize Coding::).
To display a list of all the supported coding systems, type `M-x
list-coding-systems'. The list gives information about each coding
system, including the letter that stands for it in the mode line (*note
-Mode Line::.).
+Mode Line::).
Each of the coding systems that appear in this list--except for
`binary', which means no conversion of any kind--specifies how and
contents assuming that they are represented in this coding system.
The priority list of coding systems depends on the selected language
-environment (*note Language Environments::.). For example, if you use
+environment (*note Language Environments::). For example, if you use
French, you probably want XEmacs to prefer Latin-1 to Latin-2; if you
use Czech, you probably want Latin-2 to be preferred. This is one of
the reasons to specify a language environment.
You can specify the coding system for a particular file using the
`-*-...-*-' construct at the beginning of a file, or a local variables
-list at the end (*note File Variables::.). You do this by defining a
+list at the end (*note File Variables::). You do this by defining a
value for the "variable" named `coding'. XEmacs does not really have a
variable `coding'; instead of setting a variable, it uses the specified
coding system for the file. For example, `-*-mode: C; coding:
file. This includes the commands `save-buffer' and `write-region'. If
you want to write files from this buffer using a different coding
system, you can specify a different coding system for the buffer using
-`set-buffer-file-coding-system' (*note Specify Coding::.).
+`set-buffer-file-coding-system' (*note Specify Coding::).
\1f
File: xemacs.info, Node: Specify Coding, Prev: Recognize Coding, Up: Mule
the file. First use the command `C-x <RET> c'
(`universal-coding-system-argument'); this command uses the minibuffer
to read a coding system name. After you exit the minibuffer, the
-specified coding system is used for *the immediately following command*.
+specified coding system is used for _the immediately following command_.
So if the immediately following command is `C-x C-f', for example,
it reads the file using that coding system (and records the coding
editing English text. The remaining major modes are not intended for
use on users' files; they are used in buffers created by Emacs for
specific purposes and include Dired mode for buffers made by Dired
-(*note Dired::.), Mail mode for buffers made by `C-x m' (*note Sending
-Mail::.), and Shell mode for buffers used for communicating with an
-inferior shell process (*note Interactive Shell::.).
+(*note Dired::), Mail mode for buffers made by `C-x m' (*note Sending
+Mail::), and Shell mode for buffers used for communicating with an
+inferior shell process (*note Interactive Shell::).
Most programming language major modes specify that only blank lines
separate paragraphs. This is so that the paragraph commands remain
edit files of text in a human language. Invoke `M-x text-mode' to
enter Text mode. In Text mode, <TAB> runs the function
`tab-to-tab-stop', which allows you to use arbitrary tab stops set with
-`M-x edit-tab-stops' (*note Tab Stops::.). Features concerned with
+`M-x edit-tab-stops' (*note Tab Stops::). Features concerned with
comments in programs are turned off unless they are explicitly invoked.
The syntax table is changed so that periods are not considered part of a
word, while apostrophes, backspaces and underlines are.
A similar variant mode is Indented Text mode, intended for editing
text in which most lines are indented. This mode defines <TAB> to run
-`indent-relative' (*note Indentation::.), and makes Auto Fill indent
-the lines it creates. As a result, a line made by Auto Filling, or by
+`indent-relative' (*note Indentation::), and makes Auto Fill indent the
+lines it creates. As a result, a line made by Auto Filling, or by
<LFD>, is normally indented just like the previous line. Use `M-x
indented-text-mode' to select this mode.
The other feature of Nroff mode is Electric Nroff newline mode.
This is a minor mode that you can turn on or off with `M-x
-electric-nroff-mode' (*note Minor Modes::.). When the mode is on and
+electric-nroff-mode' (*note Minor Modes::). When the mode is on and
you use <RET> to end a line containing an nroff command that opens a
kind of grouping, Emacs automatically inserts the matching nroff
command to close that grouping on the following line. For example, if
of the paragraph for a few seconds and pushes a mark at that spot.
Scanning continues until the whole buffer has been checked or until you
type another key. The positions of the last several paragraphs with
-mismatches can be found in the mark ring (*note Mark Ring::.).
+mismatches can be found in the mark ring (*note Mark Ring::).
Note that square brackets and parentheses, not just braces, are
matched in TeX mode. This is wrong if you want to check TeX syntax.
`\begin'). A blank line is inserted between the two, and point is left
there.
-\1f
-File: xemacs.info, Node: TeX Print, Prev: TeX Editing, Up: TeX Mode
-
-TeX Printing Commands
-.....................
-
- You can invoke TeX as an inferior of Emacs on either the entire
-contents of the buffer or just a region at a time. Running TeX in this
-way on just one chapter is a good way to see what your changes look
-like without taking the time to format the entire file.
-
-`C-c C-r'
- Invoke TeX on the current region, plus the buffer's header
- (`tex-region').
-
-`C-c C-b'
- Invoke TeX on the entire current buffer (`tex-buffer').
-
-`C-c C-l'
- Recenter the window showing output from the inferior TeX so that
- the last line can be seen (`tex-recenter-output-buffer').
-
-`C-c C-k'
- Kill the inferior TeX (`tex-kill-job').
-
-`C-c C-p'
- Print the output from the last `C-c C-r' or `C-c C-b' command
- (`tex-print').
-
-`C-c C-q'
- Show the printer queue (`tex-show-print-queue').
-
- You can pass the current buffer through an inferior TeX using `C-c
-C-b' (`tex-buffer'). The formatted output appears in a file in `/tmp';
-to print it, type `C-c C-p' (`tex-print'). Afterward use `C-c C-q'
-(`tex-show-print-queue') to view the progress of your output towards
-being printed.
-
- The console output from TeX, including any error messages, appears
-in a buffer called `*TeX-shell*'. If TeX gets an error, you can switch
-to this buffer and feed it input (this works as in Shell mode; *note
-Interactive Shell::.). Without switching to this buffer, you can scroll
-it so that its last line is visible by typing `C-c C-l'.
-
- Type `C-c C-k' (`tex-kill-job') to kill the TeX process if you see
-that its output is no longer useful. Using `C-c C-b' or `C-c C-r' also
-kills any TeX process still running.
-
- You can pass an arbitrary region through an inferior TeX by typing
-`C-c C-r' (`tex-region'). This is tricky, however, because most files
-of TeX input contain commands at the beginning to set parameters and
-define macros. Without them, no later part of the file will format
-correctly. To solve this problem, `C-c C-r' allows you to designate a
-part of the file as containing essential commands; it is included
-before the specified region as part of the input to TeX. The
-designated part of the file is called the "header".
-
- To indicate the bounds of the header in Plain TeX mode, insert two
-special strings in the file: `%**start of header' before the header,
-and `%**end of header' after it. Each string must appear entirely on
-one line, but there may be other text on the line before or after. The
-lines containing the two strings are included in the header. If
-`%**start of header' does not appear within the first 100 lines of the
-buffer, `C-c C-r' assumes there is no header.
-
- In LaTeX mode, the header begins with `\documentstyle' and ends with
-`\begin{document}'. These are commands that LaTeX requires you to use,
-so you don't need to do anything special to identify the header.
-
- When you enter either kind of TeX mode, Emacs calls with no
-arguments the value of the variable `text-mode-hook', if that value
-exists and is not `nil'. Emacs then calls the variable `TeX-mode-hook'
-and either `plain-TeX-mode-hook' or `LaTeX-mode-hook' under the same
-conditions.
-
-\1f
-File: xemacs.info, Node: Outline Mode, Prev: TeX Mode, Up: Text Mode
-
-Outline Mode
-------------
-
- Outline mode is a major mode similar to Text mode but intended for
-editing outlines. It allows you to make parts of the text temporarily
-invisible so that you can see just the overall structure of the
-outline. Type `M-x outline-mode' to turn on Outline mode in the
-current buffer.
-
- When you enter Outline mode, Emacs calls with no arguments the value
-of the variable `text-mode-hook', if that value exists and is not
-`nil'; then it does the same with the variable `outline-mode-hook'.
-
- When a line is invisible in outline mode, it does not appear on the
-screen. The screen appears exactly as if the invisible line were
-deleted, except that an ellipsis (three periods in a row) appears at
-the end of the previous visible line (only one ellipsis no matter how
-many invisible lines follow).
-
- All editing commands treat the text of the invisible line as part of
-the previous visible line. For example, `C-n' moves onto the next
-visible line. Killing an entire visible line, including its
-terminating newline, really kills all the following invisible lines as
-well; yanking everything back yanks the invisible lines and they remain
-invisible.
-
-* Menu:
-
-* Format: Outline Format. What the text of an outline looks like.
-* Motion: Outline Motion. Special commands for moving through outlines.
-* Visibility: Outline Visibility. Commands to control what is visible.
-
-\1f
-File: xemacs.info, Node: Outline Format, Next: Outline Motion, Prev: Outline Mode, Up: Outline Mode
-
-Format of Outlines
-..................
-
- Outline mode assumes that the lines in the buffer are of two types:
-"heading lines" and "body lines". A heading line represents a topic in
-the outline. Heading lines start with one or more stars; the number of
-stars determines the depth of the heading in the outline structure.
-Thus, a heading line with one star is a major topic; all the heading
-lines with two stars between it and the next one-star heading are its
-subtopics; and so on. Any line that is not a heading line is a body
-line. Body lines belong to the preceding heading line. Here is an
-example:
-
- * Food
-
- This is the body,
- which says something about the topic of food.
-
- ** Delicious Food
-
- This is the body of the second-level header.
-
- ** Distasteful Food
-
- This could have
- a body too, with
- several lines.
-
- *** Dormitory Food
-
- * Shelter
-
- A second first-level topic with its header line.
-
- A heading line together with all following body lines is called
-collectively an "entry". A heading line together with all following
-deeper heading lines and their body lines is called a "subtree".
-
- You can customize the criterion for distinguishing heading lines by
-setting the variable `outline-regexp'. Any line whose beginning has a
-match for this regexp is considered a heading line. Matches that start
-within a line (not at the beginning) do not count. The length of the
-matching text determines the level of the heading; longer matches make
-a more deeply nested level. Thus, for example, if a text formatter has
-commands `@chapter', `@section' and `@subsection' to divide the
-document into chapters and sections, you can make those lines count as
-heading lines by setting `outline-regexp' to
-`"@chap\\|@\\(sub\\)*section"'. Note the trick: the two words
-`chapter' and `section' are the same length, but by defining the regexp
-to match only `chap' we ensure that the length of the text matched on a
-chapter heading is shorter, so that Outline mode will know that
-sections are contained in chapters. This works as long as no other
-command starts with `@chap'.
-
- Outline mode makes a line invisible by changing the newline before it
-into an ASCII Control-M (code 015). Most editing commands that work on
-lines treat an invisible line as part of the previous line because,
-strictly speaking, it is part of that line, since there is no longer a
-newline in between. When you save the file in Outline mode, Control-M
-characters are saved as newlines, so the invisible lines become ordinary
-lines in the file. Saving does not change the visibility status of a
-line inside Emacs.
-
projects / chise / xemacs-chise.git / blobdiff