translation approved by the author instead of in the original English.
\1f
+File: xemacs.info, Node: Other Window, Next: Pop Up Window, Prev: Split Window, Up: Windows
+
+Using Other Windows
+===================
+
+`C-x o'
+ Select another window (`other-window'). That is the letter `o',
+ not zero.
+
+`M-C-v'
+ Scroll the next window (`scroll-other-window').
+
+`M-x compare-windows'
+ Find the next place where the text in the selected window does not
+ match the text in the next window.
+
+`M-x other-window-any-frame N'
+ Select the Nth different window on any frame.
+
+ To select a different window, use `C-x o' (`other-window'). That is
+an `o', for `other', not a zero. When there are more than two windows,
+the command moves through all the windows in a cyclic order, generally
+top to bottom and left to right. From the rightmost and bottommost
+window, it goes back to the one at the upper left corner. A numeric
+argument, N, moves several steps in the cyclic order of windows. A
+negative numeric argument moves around the cycle in the opposite order.
+If the optional second argument WHICH-FRAMES is non-`nil', the
+function cycles through all frames. When the minibuffer is active, the
+minibuffer is the last window in the cycle; you can switch from the
+minibuffer window to one of the other windows, and later switch back
+and finish supplying the minibuffer argument that is requested. *Note
+Minibuffer Edit::.
+
+ The command `M-x other-window-any-frame' also selects the window N
+steps away in the cyclic order. However, unlike `other-window', this
+command selects a window on the next or previous frame instead of
+wrapping around to the top or bottom of the current frame, when there
+are no more windows.
+
+ The usual scrolling commands (*note Display::) apply to the selected
+window only. `M-C-v' (`scroll-other-window') scrolls the window that
+`C-x o' would select. Like `C-v', it takes positive and negative
+arguments.
+
+ The command `M-x compare-windows' compares the text in the current
+window with the text in the next window. Comparison starts at point in
+each window. Point moves forward in each window, a character at a time,
+until the next set of characters in the two windows are different.
+Then the command is finished.
+
+ A prefix argument IGNORE-WHITESPACE means ignore changes in
+whitespace. The variable `compare-windows-whitespace' controls how
+whitespace is skipped.
+
+ If `compare-ignore-case' is non-`nil', changes in case are also
+ignored.
+
+\1f
+File: xemacs.info, Node: Pop Up Window, Next: Change Window, Prev: Other Window, Up: Windows
+
+Displaying in Another Window
+============================
+
+ `C-x 4' is a prefix key for commands that select another window
+(splitting the window if there is only one) and select a buffer in that
+window. Different `C-x 4' commands have different ways of finding the
+buffer to select.
+
+`C-x 4 b BUFNAME <RET>'
+ Select buffer BUFNAME in another window. This runs
+ `switch-to-buffer-other-window'.
+
+`C-x 4 f FILENAME <RET>'
+ Visit file FILENAME and select its buffer in another window. This
+ runs `find-file-other-window'. *Note Visiting::.
+
+`C-x 4 d DIRECTORY <RET>'
+ Select a Dired buffer for directory DIRECTORY in another window.
+ This runs `dired-other-window'. *Note Dired::.
+
+`C-x 4 m'
+ Start composing a mail message in another window. This runs
+ `mail-other-window', and its same-window version is `C-x m' (*note
+ Sending Mail::).
+
+`C-x 4 .'
+ Find a tag in the current tag table in another window. This runs
+ `find-tag-other-window', the multiple-window variant of `M-.'
+ (*note Tags::).
+
+ If the variable `display-buffer-function' is non-`nil', its value is
+the function to call to handle `display-buffer'. It receives two
+arguments, the buffer and a flag that if non-`nil' means that the
+currently selected window is not acceptable. Commands such as
+`switch-to-buffer-other-window' and `find-file-other-window' work using
+this function.
+
+\1f
+File: xemacs.info, Node: Change Window, Prev: Pop Up Window, Up: Windows
+
+Deleting and Rearranging Windows
+================================
+
+`C-x 0'
+ Get rid of the selected window (`delete-window'). That is a zero.
+ If there is more than one Emacs frame, deleting the sole remaining
+ window on that frame deletes the frame as well. If the current
+ frame is the only frame, it is not deleted.
+
+`C-x 1'
+ Get rid of all windows except the selected one
+ (`delete-other-windows').
+
+`C-x ^'
+ Make the selected window taller, at the expense of the other(s)
+ (`enlarge-window').
+
+`C-x }'
+ Make the selected window wider (`enlarge-window-horizontally').
+
+ To delete a window, type `C-x 0' (`delete-window'). (That is a
+zero.) The space occupied by the deleted window is distributed among
+the other active windows (but not the minibuffer window, even if that
+is active at the time). Once a window is deleted, its attributes are
+forgotten; there is no automatic way to make another window of the same
+shape or showing the same buffer. The buffer continues to exist, and
+you can select it in any window with `C-x b'.
+
+ `C-x 1' (`delete-other-windows') is more powerful than `C-x 0'; it
+deletes all the windows except the selected one (and the minibuffer).
+The selected window expands to use the whole frame except for the echo
+area.
+
+ To readjust the division of space among existing windows, use `C-x
+^' (`enlarge-window'). It makes the currently selected window longer
+by one line or as many lines as a numeric argument specifies. With a
+negative argument, it makes the selected window smaller. `C-x }'
+(`enlarge-window-horizontally') makes the selected window wider by the
+specified number of columns. The extra screen space given to a window
+comes from one of its neighbors, if that is possible; otherwise, all
+the competing windows are shrunk in the same proportion. If this makes
+some windows too small, those windows are deleted and their space is
+divided up. Minimum window size is specified by the variables
+`window-min-height' and `window-min-width'.
+
+ You can also resize windows within a frame by clicking the left mouse
+button on a modeline, and dragging.
+
+ Clicking the right button on a mode line pops up a menu of common
+window manager operations. This menu contains the following options:
+
+Delete Window
+ Remove the window above this modeline from the frame.
+
+Delete Other Windows
+ Delete all windows on the frame except for the one above this
+ modeline.
+
+Split Window
+ Split the window above the mode line in half, creating another
+ window.
+
+Split Window Horizontally
+ Split the window above the mode line in half horizontally, so that
+ there will be two windows side-by-side.
+
+Balance Windows
+ Readjust the sizes of all windows on the frame until all windows
+ have roughly the same number of lines.
+
+\1f
+File: xemacs.info, Node: Mule, Next: Major Modes, Prev: Windows, Up: Top
+
+World Scripts Support
+*********************
+
+ If you compile XEmacs with mule option, it supports a wide variety of
+world scripts, including Latin script, as well as Arabic script,
+Simplified Chinese script (for mainland of China), Traditional Chinese
+script (for Taiwan and Hong-Kong), Greek script, Hebrew script, IPA
+symbols, Japanese scripts (Hiragana, Katakana and Kanji), Korean scripts
+(Hangul and Hanja) and Cyrillic script (for Byelorussian, Bulgarian,
+Russian, Serbian and Ukrainian). These features have been merged from
+the modified version of Emacs known as MULE (for "MULti-lingual
+Enhancement to GNU Emacs").
+
+* Menu:
+
+* Mule Intro:: Basic concepts of Mule.
+* Language Environments:: Setting things up for the language you use.
+* Input Methods:: Entering text characters not on your keyboard.
+* Select Input Method:: Specifying your choice of input methods.
+* Coding Systems:: Character set conversion when you read and
+ write files, and so on.
+* Recognize Coding:: How XEmacs figures out which conversion to use.
+* Specify Coding:: Various ways to choose which conversion to use.
+
+\1f
+File: xemacs.info, Node: Mule Intro, Next: Language Environments, Prev: Mule, Up: Mule
+
+Introduction to world scripts
+=============================
+
+ The users of these scripts have established many more-or-less
+standard coding systems for storing files. XEmacs translates between
+the internal character encoding and various other coding systems when
+reading and writing files, when exchanging data with subprocesses, and
+(in some cases) in the `C-q' command (see below).
+
+ The command `C-h h' (`view-hello-file') displays the file
+`etc/HELLO', which shows how to say "hello" in many languages. This
+illustrates various scripts.
+
+ Keyboards, even in the countries where these character sets are used,
+generally don't have keys for all the characters in them. So XEmacs
+supports various "input methods", typically one for each script or
+language, to make it convenient to type them.
+
+ The prefix key `C-x <RET>' is used for commands that pertain to
+world scripts, coding systems, and input methods.
+
+\1f
+File: xemacs.info, Node: Language Environments, Next: Input Methods, Prev: Mule Intro, Up: Mule
+
+Language Environments
+=====================
+
+ All supported character sets are supported in XEmacs buffers if it is
+compile with mule; there is no need to select a particular language in
+order to display its characters in an XEmacs buffer. However, it is
+important to select a "language environment" in order to set various
+defaults. The language environment really represents a choice of
+preferred script (more or less) rather that a choice of language.
+
+ The language environment controls which coding systems to recognize
+when reading text (*note Recognize Coding::). This applies to files,
+incoming mail, netnews, and any other text you read into XEmacs. It may
+also specify the default coding system to use when you create a file.
+Each language environment also specifies a default input method.
+
+ The command to select a language environment is `M-x
+set-language-environment'. It makes no difference which buffer is
+current when you use this command, because the effects apply globally to
+the XEmacs session. The supported language environments include:
+
+ Chinese-BIG5, Chinese-CNS, Chinese-GB, Cyrillic-ISO, English,
+ Ethiopic, Greek, Japanese, Korean, Latin-1, Latin-2, Latin-3,
+ Latin-4, Latin-5.
+
+ Some operating systems let you specify the language you are using by
+setting locale environment variables. XEmacs handles one common special
+case of this: if your locale name for character types contains the
+string `8859-N', XEmacs automatically selects the corresponding
+language environment.
+
+ To display information about the effects of a certain language
+environment LANG-ENV, use the command `C-h L LANG-ENV <RET>'
+(`describe-language-environment'). This tells you which languages this
+language environment is useful for, and lists the character sets,
+coding systems, and input methods that go with it. It also shows some
+sample text to illustrate scripts used in this language environment.
+By default, this command describes the chosen language environment.
+
+\1f
File: xemacs.info, Node: Input Methods, Next: Select Input Method, Prev: Language Environments, Up: Mule
Input Methods
serpentine recording for the SUN. Also, SystemV tapes can be written
in cpio format, blocked 5120 bytes, ASCII headers.
-\1f
-File: xemacs.info, Node: TeX Editing, Next: TeX Print, Prev: TeX Mode, Up: TeX Mode
-
-TeX Editing Commands
-....................
-
- Here are the special commands provided in TeX mode for editing the
-text of the file.
-
-`"'
- Insert, according to context, either ```' or `"' or `'''
- (`TeX-insert-quote').
-
-`<LFD>'
- Insert a paragraph break (two newlines) and check the previous
- paragraph for unbalanced braces or dollar signs (`tex-terminate-
- paragraph').
-
-`M-x validate-tex-buffer'
- Check each paragraph in the buffer for unbalanced braces or dollar
- signs.
-
-`C-c {'
- Insert `{}' and position point between them (`tex-insert-braces').
-
-`C-c }'
- Move forward past the next unmatched close brace (`up-list').
-
-`C-c C-e'
- Close a block for LaTeX (`tex-close-latex-block').
-
- In TeX, the character `"' is not normally used; you use ```' to
-start a quotation and `''' to end one. TeX mode defines the key `"' to
-insert ```' after whitespace or an open brace, `"' after a backslash,
-or `''' otherwise. This is done by the command `tex-insert-quote'. If
-you need the character `"' itself in unusual contexts, use `C-q' to
-insert it. Also, `"' with a numeric argument always inserts that
-number of `"' characters.
-
- In TeX mode, `$' has a special syntax code which attempts to
-understand the way TeX math mode delimiters match. When you insert a
-`$' that is meant to exit math mode, the position of the matching `$'
-that entered math mode is displayed for a second. This is the same
-feature that displays the open brace that matches a close brace that is
-inserted. However, there is no way to tell whether a `$' enters math
-mode or leaves it; so when you insert a `$' that enters math mode, the
-previous `$' position is shown as if it were a match, even though they
-are actually unrelated.
-
- If you prefer to keep braces balanced at all times, you can use `C-c
-{' (`tex-insert-braces') to insert a pair of braces. It leaves point
-between the two braces so you can insert the text that belongs inside.
-Afterward, use the command `C-c }' (`up-list') to move forward past the
-close brace.
-
- There are two commands for checking the matching of braces. <LFD>
-(`tex-terminate-paragraph') checks the paragraph before point, and
-inserts two newlines to start a new paragraph. It prints a message in
-the echo area if any mismatch is found. `M-x validate-tex-buffer'
-checks the entire buffer, paragraph by paragraph. When it finds a
-paragraph that contains a mismatch, it displays point at the beginning
-of the paragraph for a few seconds and pushes a mark at that spot.
-Scanning continues until the whole buffer has been checked or until you
-type another key. The positions of the last several paragraphs with
-mismatches can be found in the mark ring (*note Mark Ring::).
-
- Note that square brackets and parentheses, not just braces, are
-matched in TeX mode. This is wrong if you want to check TeX syntax.
-However, parentheses and square brackets are likely to be used in text
-as matching delimiters and it is useful for the various motion commands
-and automatic match display to work with them.
-
- In LaTeX input, `\begin' and `\end' commands must balance. After
-you insert a `\begin', use `C-c C-f' (`tex-close-latex-block') to
-insert automatically a matching `\end' (on a new line following the
-`\begin'). A blank line is inserted between the two, and point is left
-there.
-
-\1f
-File: xemacs.info, Node: TeX Print, Prev: TeX Editing, Up: TeX Mode
-
-TeX Printing Commands
-.....................
-
- You can invoke TeX as an inferior of Emacs on either the entire
-contents of the buffer or just a region at a time. Running TeX in this
-way on just one chapter is a good way to see what your changes look
-like without taking the time to format the entire file.
-
-`C-c C-r'
- Invoke TeX on the current region, plus the buffer's header
- (`tex-region').
-
-`C-c C-b'
- Invoke TeX on the entire current buffer (`tex-buffer').
-
-`C-c C-l'
- Recenter the window showing output from the inferior TeX so that
- the last line can be seen (`tex-recenter-output-buffer').
-
-`C-c C-k'
- Kill the inferior TeX (`tex-kill-job').
-
-`C-c C-p'
- Print the output from the last `C-c C-r' or `C-c C-b' command
- (`tex-print').
-
-`C-c C-q'
- Show the printer queue (`tex-show-print-queue').
-
- You can pass the current buffer through an inferior TeX using `C-c
-C-b' (`tex-buffer'). The formatted output appears in a file in `/tmp';
-to print it, type `C-c C-p' (`tex-print'). Afterward use `C-c C-q'
-(`tex-show-print-queue') to view the progress of your output towards
-being printed.
-
- The console output from TeX, including any error messages, appears
-in a buffer called `*TeX-shell*'. If TeX gets an error, you can switch
-to this buffer and feed it input (this works as in Shell mode; *note
-Interactive Shell::). Without switching to this buffer, you can scroll
-it so that its last line is visible by typing `C-c C-l'.
-
- Type `C-c C-k' (`tex-kill-job') to kill the TeX process if you see
-that its output is no longer useful. Using `C-c C-b' or `C-c C-r' also
-kills any TeX process still running.
-
- You can pass an arbitrary region through an inferior TeX by typing
-`C-c C-r' (`tex-region'). This is tricky, however, because most files
-of TeX input contain commands at the beginning to set parameters and
-define macros. Without them, no later part of the file will format
-correctly. To solve this problem, `C-c C-r' allows you to designate a
-part of the file as containing essential commands; it is included
-before the specified region as part of the input to TeX. The
-designated part of the file is called the "header".
-
- To indicate the bounds of the header in Plain TeX mode, insert two
-special strings in the file: `%**start of header' before the header,
-and `%**end of header' after it. Each string must appear entirely on
-one line, but there may be other text on the line before or after. The
-lines containing the two strings are included in the header. If
-`%**start of header' does not appear within the first 100 lines of the
-buffer, `C-c C-r' assumes there is no header.
-
- In LaTeX mode, the header begins with `\documentstyle' and ends with
-`\begin{document}'. These are commands that LaTeX requires you to use,
-so you don't need to do anything special to identify the header.
-
- When you enter either kind of TeX mode, Emacs calls with no
-arguments the value of the variable `text-mode-hook', if that value
-exists and is not `nil'. Emacs then calls the variable `TeX-mode-hook'
-and either `plain-TeX-mode-hook' or `LaTeX-mode-hook' under the same
-conditions.
-
-\1f
-File: xemacs.info, Node: Outline Mode, Prev: TeX Mode, Up: Text Mode
-
-Outline Mode
-------------
-
- Outline mode is a major mode similar to Text mode but intended for
-editing outlines. It allows you to make parts of the text temporarily
-invisible so that you can see just the overall structure of the
-outline. Type `M-x outline-mode' to turn on Outline mode in the
-current buffer.
-
- When you enter Outline mode, Emacs calls with no arguments the value
-of the variable `text-mode-hook', if that value exists and is not
-`nil'; then it does the same with the variable `outline-mode-hook'.
-
- When a line is invisible in outline mode, it does not appear on the
-screen. The screen appears exactly as if the invisible line were
-deleted, except that an ellipsis (three periods in a row) appears at
-the end of the previous visible line (only one ellipsis no matter how
-many invisible lines follow).
-
- All editing commands treat the text of the invisible line as part of
-the previous visible line. For example, `C-n' moves onto the next
-visible line. Killing an entire visible line, including its
-terminating newline, really kills all the following invisible lines as
-well; yanking everything back yanks the invisible lines and they remain
-invisible.
-
-* Menu:
-
-* Format: Outline Format. What the text of an outline looks like.
-* Motion: Outline Motion. Special commands for moving through outlines.
-* Visibility: Outline Visibility. Commands to control what is visible.
-
-\1f
-File: xemacs.info, Node: Outline Format, Next: Outline Motion, Prev: Outline Mode, Up: Outline Mode
-
-Format of Outlines
-..................
-
- Outline mode assumes that the lines in the buffer are of two types:
-"heading lines" and "body lines". A heading line represents a topic in
-the outline. Heading lines start with one or more stars; the number of
-stars determines the depth of the heading in the outline structure.
-Thus, a heading line with one star is a major topic; all the heading
-lines with two stars between it and the next one-star heading are its
-subtopics; and so on. Any line that is not a heading line is a body
-line. Body lines belong to the preceding heading line. Here is an
-example:
-
- * Food
-
- This is the body,
- which says something about the topic of food.
-
- ** Delicious Food
-
- This is the body of the second-level header.
-
- ** Distasteful Food
-
- This could have
- a body too, with
- several lines.
-
- *** Dormitory Food
-
- * Shelter
-
- A second first-level topic with its header line.
-
- A heading line together with all following body lines is called
-collectively an "entry". A heading line together with all following
-deeper heading lines and their body lines is called a "subtree".
-
- You can customize the criterion for distinguishing heading lines by
-setting the variable `outline-regexp'. Any line whose beginning has a
-match for this regexp is considered a heading line. Matches that start
-within a line (not at the beginning) do not count. The length of the
-matching text determines the level of the heading; longer matches make
-a more deeply nested level. Thus, for example, if a text formatter has
-commands `@chapter', `@section' and `@subsection' to divide the
-document into chapters and sections, you can make those lines count as
-heading lines by setting `outline-regexp' to
-`"@chap\\|@\\(sub\\)*section"'. Note the trick: the two words
-`chapter' and `section' are the same length, but by defining the regexp
-to match only `chap' we ensure that the length of the text matched on a
-chapter heading is shorter, so that Outline mode will know that
-sections are contained in chapters. This works as long as no other
-command starts with `@chap'.
-
- Outline mode makes a line invisible by changing the newline before it
-into an ASCII Control-M (code 015). Most editing commands that work on
-lines treat an invisible line as part of the previous line because,
-strictly speaking, it is part of that line, since there is no longer a
-newline in between. When you save the file in Outline mode, Control-M
-characters are saved as newlines, so the invisible lines become ordinary
-lines in the file. Saving does not change the visibility status of a
-line inside Emacs.
-
projects / chise / xemacs-chise.git / blobdiff