* Specifiers::
* Menus::
* Subprocesses::
-* Interface to X Windows::
+* Interface to the X Window System::
* Index::
@detailmenu
tools means that a greater variety of development tools are available to
the developer.
-Almost every module contains a @code{syms_of_*()} function and a
-@code{vars_of_*()} function. The former declares any Lisp primitives
-you have defined and defines any symbols you will be using. The latter
-declares any global Lisp variables you have added and initializes global
-C variables in the module. For each such function, declare it in
-@file{symsinit.h} and make sure it's called in the appropriate place in
-@file{emacs.c}. @strong{Important}: There are stringent requirements on
-exactly what can go into these functions. See the comment in
-@file{emacs.c}. The reason for this is to avoid obscure unwanted
-interactions during initialization. If you don't follow these rules,
-you'll be sorry! If you want to do anything that isn't allowed, create
-a @code{complex_vars_of_*()} function for it. Doing this is tricky,
-though: You have to make sure your function is called at the right time
-so that all the initialization dependencies work out.
-
Every module includes @file{<config.h>} (angle brackets so that
@samp{--srcdir} works correctly; @file{config.h} may or may not be in
the same directory as the C sources) and @file{lisp.h}. @file{config.h}
@file{config.h} files. Which one will be used if you @samp{#include
"config.h"}?
+Almost every module contains a @code{syms_of_*()} function and a
+@code{vars_of_*()} function. The former declares any Lisp primitives
+you have defined and defines any symbols you will be using. The latter
+declares any global Lisp variables you have added and initializes global
+C variables in the module. @strong{Important}: There are stringent
+requirements on exactly what can go into these functions. See the
+comment in @file{emacs.c}. The reason for this is to avoid obscure
+unwanted interactions during initialization. If you don't follow these
+rules, you'll be sorry! If you want to do anything that isn't allowed,
+create a @code{complex_vars_of_*()} function for it. Doing this is
+tricky, though: you have to make sure your function is called at the
+right time so that all the initialization dependencies work out.
+
+Declare each function of these kinds in @file{symsinit.h}. Make sure
+it's called in the appropriate place in @file{emacs.c}. You never need
+to include @file{symsinit.h} directly, because it is included by
+@file{lisp.h}.
+
@strong{All global and static variables that are to be modifiable must
be declared uninitialized.} This means that you may not use the
``declare with initializer'' form for these variables, such as @code{int
@itemize @bullet
@item
all constant symbols and static variables that are registered via
-@code{staticpro}@ in the array @code{staticvec}.
+@code{staticpro}@ in the dynarr @code{staticpros}.
@xref{Adding Global Lisp Variables}.
@item
all Lisp objects that are created in C functions and that must be
@enumerate
@item
We do not use the mark bit (which does not exist for C structures
-anyway), we use a big hash table instead.
+anyway); we use a big hash table instead.
@item
We do not use the mark function of lrecords but instead rely on the
Lisp_Object members.
@end enumerate
-This is done by @code{pdump_register_object}, which handles Lisp_Object
-variables, and pdump_register_struct which handles C structures, which
-both delegate the description management to pdump_register_sub.
+This is done by @code{pdump_register_object()}, which handles Lisp_Object
+variables, and @code{pdump_register_struct()} which handles C structures,
+which both delegate the description management to @code{pdump_register_sub()}.
The hash table doubles as a map object to pdump_entry_list_elmt (i.e.
allows us to look up a pdump_entry_list_elmt with the object it points
to). Entries are added with @code{pdump_add_entry()} and looked up with
@code{pdump_get_entry()}. There is no need for entry removal. The hash
-value is computed quite basically from the object pointer by
+value is computed quite simply from the object pointer by
@code{pdump_make_hash()}.
The roots for the marking are:
call for protected variables we do not want to dump).
@item
-the @code{pdump_wire}'d variables (@code{staticpro} is equivalent to
-@code{staticpro_nodump()} + @code{pdump_wire()}).
+the variables registered via @code{dump_add_root_object}
+(@code{staticpro()} is equivalent to @code{staticpro_nodump()} +
+@code{dump_add_root_object()}).
@item
-the @code{dumpstruct}'ed variables, which points to C structures.
+the variables registered via @code{dump_add_root_struct_ptr}, each of
+which points to a C structure.
@end enumerate
This does not include the GCPRO'ed variables, the specbinds, the
@item
the C compiler is required to adjust the size of a struct so that you
-can have an array of them next to each other. This means you can have a
+can have an array of them next to each other. This means you can have an
upper bound of the alignment requirements of a given structure by
looking at which power of two its size is a multiple.
The maximum alignment requirement we take into account is 2^8.
@code{pdump_allocate_offset()} only has to do a linear allocation,
-starting at offset 256 (this leaves room for the header and keep the
+starting at offset 256 (this leaves room for the header and keeps the
alignments happy).
@node The header, Data dumping, Address allocation, Dumping phase
@subsection The header
The next step creates the file and writes a header with a signature and
-some random informations in it (number of staticpro, number of assigned
-lrecord types, etc...). The reloc_address field, which indicates at
-which address the file should be loaded if we want to avoid post-reload
-relocation, is set to 0. It then seeks to offset 256 (base offset for
-the objects).
+some random information in it. The @code{reloc_address} field, which
+indicates at which address the file should be loaded if we want to avoid
+post-reload relocation, is set to 0. It then seeks to offset 256 (base
+offset for the objects).
@node Data dumping, Pointers dumping, The header, Dumping phase
@subsection Data dumping
@enumerate
@item
-the staticpro array
+the pdump_root_struct_ptrs dynarr
@item
-the dumpstruct array
-@item
-the lrecord_implementation_table array
+the pdump_opaques dynarr
@item
a vector of all the offsets to the objects in the file that include a
description (for faster relocation at reload time)
@item
-the pdump_wired and pdump_wired_list arrays
+the pdump_root_objects and pdump_weak_object_chains dynarrs.
@end enumerate
-For each of the arrays we write both the pointer to the variables and
+For each of the dynarrs we write both the pointer to the variables and
the relocated offset of the object they point to. Since these variables
are global, the pointers are still valid when restarting the program and
are used to regenerate the global pointers.
-The @code{pdump_wired_list} array is a special case. The variables it
-points to are the head of weak linked lists of lisp objects of the same
-type. Not all objects of this list are dumped so the relocated pointer
-we associate with them points to the first dumped object of the list, or
-Qnil if none is available. This is also the reason why they are not
-used as roots for the purpose of object enumeration.
+The @code{pdump_weak_object_chains} dynarr is a special case. The
+variables it points to are the head of weak linked lists of lisp objects
+of the same type. Not all objects of this list are dumped so the
+relocated pointer we associate with them points to the first dumped
+object of the list, or Qnil if none is available. This is also the
+reason why they are not used as roots for the purpose of object
+enumeration.
+
+Some very important information like the @code{staticpros} and
+@code{lrecord_implementations_table} are handled indirectly using
+@code{dump_add_opaque} or @code{dump_add_root_struct_ptr}.
This is the end of the dumping part.
is computed and will be used for all the relocations.
-@subsection Putting back the staticvec
-
-The staticvec array is memcpy'd from the file and the variables it
-points to are reset to the relocated objects addresses.
+@subsection Putting back the pdump_opaques
+The memory contents are restored in the obvious and trivial way.
-@subsection Putting back the dumpstructed variables
-The variables pointed to by dumpstruct in the dump phase are reset to
-the right relocated object addresses.
+@subsection Putting back the pdump_root_struct_ptrs
-
-@subsection lrecord_implementations_table
-
-The lrecord_implementations_table is reset to its dump time state and
-the right lrecord_type_index values are put in.
+The variables pointed to by pdump_root_struct_ptrs in the dump phase are
+reset to the right relocated object addresses.
@subsection Object relocation
reloc_address is equal to the file loading address.
-@subsection Putting back the pdump_wire and pdump_wire_list variables
+@subsection Putting back the pdump_root_objects and pdump_weak_object_chains
-Same as Putting back the dumpstructed variables.
+Same as Putting back the pdump_root_struct_ptrs.
@subsection Reorganize the hash tables
@table @code
@item name
The buffer name is a string that names the buffer. It is guaranteed to
-be unique. @xref{Buffer Names,,, lispref, XEmacs Lisp Programmer's
+be unique. @xref{Buffer Names,,, lispref, XEmacs Lisp Reference
Manual}.
@item save_modified
This field contains the time when the buffer was last saved, as an
-integer. @xref{Buffer Modification,,, lispref, XEmacs Lisp Programmer's
+integer. @xref{Buffer Modification,,, lispref, XEmacs Lisp Reference
Manual}.
@item modtime
This field contains the modification time of the visited file. It is
set when the file is written or read. Every time the buffer is written
to the file, this field is compared to the modification time of the
-file. @xref{Buffer Modification,,, lispref, XEmacs Lisp Programmer's
+file. @xref{Buffer Modification,,, lispref, XEmacs Lisp Reference
Manual}.
@item auto_save_modified
@item undo_list
This field points to the buffer's undo list. @xref{Undo,,, lispref,
-XEmacs Lisp Programmer's Manual}.
+XEmacs Lisp Reference Manual}.
@item syntax_table_v
This field contains the syntax table for the buffer. @xref{Syntax
-Tables,,, lispref, XEmacs Lisp Programmer's Manual}.
+Tables,,, lispref, XEmacs Lisp Reference Manual}.
@item downcase_table
This field contains the conversion table for converting text to lower
-case. @xref{Case Tables,,, lispref, XEmacs Lisp Programmer's Manual}.
+case. @xref{Case Tables,,, lispref, XEmacs Lisp Reference Manual}.
@item upcase_table
This field contains the conversion table for converting text to upper
-case. @xref{Case Tables,,, lispref, XEmacs Lisp Programmer's Manual}.
+case. @xref{Case Tables,,, lispref, XEmacs Lisp Reference Manual}.
@item case_canon_table
This field contains the conversion table for canonicalizing text for
case-folding search. @xref{Case Tables,,, lispref, XEmacs Lisp
-Programmer's Manual}.
+Reference Manual}.
@item case_eqv_table
This field contains the equivalence table for case-folding search.
-@xref{Case Tables,,, lispref, XEmacs Lisp Programmer's Manual}.
+@xref{Case Tables,,, lispref, XEmacs Lisp Reference Manual}.
@item display_table
This field contains the buffer's display table, or @code{nil} if it
doesn't have one. @xref{Display Tables,,, lispref, XEmacs Lisp
-Programmer's Manual}.
+Reference Manual}.
@item markers
This field contains the chain of all markers that currently point into
the buffer. Deletion of text in the buffer, and motion of the buffer's
gap, must check each of these markers and perhaps update it.
-@xref{Markers,,, lispref, XEmacs Lisp Programmer's Manual}.
+@xref{Markers,,, lispref, XEmacs Lisp Reference Manual}.
@item backed_up
This field is a flag that tells whether a backup file has been made for
@item mark
This field contains the mark for the buffer. The mark is a marker,
hence it is also included on the list @code{markers}. @xref{The Mark,,,
-lispref, XEmacs Lisp Programmer's Manual}.
+lispref, XEmacs Lisp Reference Manual}.
@item mark_active
This field is non-@code{nil} if the buffer's mark is active.
in this buffer, and their values, with the exception of local variables
that have special slots in the buffer object. (Those slots are omitted
from this table.) @xref{Buffer-Local Variables,,, lispref, XEmacs Lisp
-Programmer's Manual}.
+Reference Manual}.
@item modeline_format
This field contains a Lisp object which controls how to display the mode
line for this buffer. @xref{Modeline Format,,, lispref, XEmacs Lisp
-Programmer's Manual}.
+Reference Manual}.
@item base_buffer
This field holds the buffer's base buffer (if it is an indirect buffer),
Glyphs are graphical elements that can be displayed in XEmacs buffers or
gutters. We use the term graphical element here in the broadest possible
-sense since glyphs can be as mundane as text to as arcane as a native
+sense since glyphs can be as mundane as text or as arcane as a native
tab widget.
In XEmacs, glyphs represent the uninstantiated state of graphical
elements, i.e. they hold all the information necessary to produce an
-image on-screen but the image does not exist at this stage.
+image on-screen but the image need not exist at this stage, and multiple
+screen images can be instantiated from a single glyph.
Glyphs are lazily instantiated by calling one of the glyph
functions. This usually occurs within redisplay when
@code{Fglyph_height} is called. Instantiation causes an image-instance
-to be created and cached. This cache is on a device basis for all glyphs
-except glyph-widgets, and on a window basis for glyph widgets. The
+to be created and cached. This cache is on a per-device basis for all glyphs
+except widget-glyphs, and on a per-window basis for widgets-glyphs. The
caching is done by @code{image_instantiate} and is necessary because it
is generally possible to display an image-instance in multiple
domains. For instance if we create a Pixmap, we can actually display
Widget-glyphs (a.k.a native widgets) are not cached in this way. This is
because widget-glyph image-instances on screen are toolkit windows, and
thus cannot be reused in multiple XEmacs domains. Thus widget-glyphs are
-cached on a window basis.
+cached on an XEmacs window basis.
Any action on a glyph first consults the cache before actually
instantiating a widget.
+@section Glyph Instantiation
+
+Glyph instantiation is a hairy topic and requires some explanation. The
+guts of glyph instantiation is contained within
+@code{image_instantiate}. A glyph contains an image which is a
+specifier. When a glyph function - for instance @code{Fglyph_height} -
+asks for a property of the glyph that can only be determined from its
+instantiated state, then the glyph image is instantiated and an image
+instance created. The instantiation process is governed by the specifier
+code and goes through a series of steps:
+
+@itemize @bullet
+@item
+Validation. Instantiation of image instances happens dynamically - often
+within the guts of redisplay. Thus it is often not feasible to catch
+instantiator errors at instantiation time. Instead the instantiator is
+validated at the time it is added to the image specifier. This function
+is defined by @code{image_validate} and at a simple level validates
+keyword value pairs.
+@item
+Duplication. The specifier code by default takes a copy of the
+instantiator. This is reasonable for most specifiers but in the case of
+widget-glyphs can be problematic, since some of the properties in the
+instantiator - for instance callbacks - could cause infinite recursion
+in the copying process. Thus the image code defines a function -
+@code{image_copy_instantiator} - which will selectively copy values.
+This is controlled by the way that a keyword is defined either using
+@code{IIFORMAT_VALID_KEYWORD} or
+@code{IIFORMAT_VALID_NONCOPY_KEYWORD}. Note that the image caching and
+redisplay code relies on instantiator copying to ensure that current and
+new instantiators are actually different rather than referring to the
+same thing.
+@item
+Normalization. Once the instantiator has been copied it must be
+converted into a form that is viable at instantiation time. This can
+involve no changes at all, but typically involves things like converting
+file names to the actual data. This function is defined by
+@code{image_going_to_add} and @code{normalize_image_instantiator}.
+@item
+Instantiation. When an image instance is actually required for display
+it is instantiated using @code{image_instantiate}. This involves calling
+instantiate methods that are specific to the type of image being
+instantiated.
+@end itemize
+
+The final instantiation phase also involves a number of steps. In order
+to understand these we need to describe a number of concepts.
+
+An image is instantiated in a @dfn{domain}, where a domain can be any
+one of a device, frame, window or image-instance. The domain gives the
+image-instance context and identity and properties that affect the
+appearance of the image-instance may be different for the same glyph
+instantiated in different domains. An example is the face used to
+display the image-instance.
+
+Although an image is instantiated in a particular domain the
+instantiation domain is not necessarily the domain in which the
+image-instance is cached. For example a pixmap can be instantiated in a
+window be actually be cached on a per-device basis. The domain in which
+the image-instance is actually cached is called the
+@dfn{governing-domain}. A governing-domain is currently either a device
+or a window. Widget-glyphs and text-glyphs have a window as a
+governing-domain, all other image-instances have a device as the
+governing-domain. The governing domain for an image-instance is
+determined using the governing_domain image-instance method.
+
+@section Widget-Glyphs
+
@section Widget-Glyphs in the MS-Windows Environment
To Do
@section Widget-Glyphs in the X Environment
-Widget-glyphs under X make heavy use of lwlib for manipulating the
-native toolkit objects. This is primarily so that different toolkits can
-be supported for widget-glyphs, just as they are supported for features
-such as menubars etc.
+Widget-glyphs under X make heavy use of lwlib (@pxref{Lucid Widget
+Library}) for manipulating the native toolkit objects. This is primarily
+so that different toolkits can be supported for widget-glyphs, just as
+they are supported for features such as menubars etc.
Lwlib is extremely poorly documented and quite hairy so here is my
understanding of what goes on.
its argument, which is the callback function or form given in the menu's
description.
-@node Subprocesses, Interface to X Windows, Menus, Top
+@node Subprocesses, Interface to the X Window System, Menus, Top
@chapter Subprocesses
The fields of a process are:
or @code{nil} if it is using pipes.
@end table
-@node Interface to X Windows, Index , Subprocesses, Top
-@chapter Interface to X Windows
+@node Interface to the X Window System, Index, Subprocesses, Top
+@chapter Interface to the X Window System
-Not yet documented.
+Mostly undocumented.
+
+@menu
+* Lucid Widget Library:: An interface to various widget sets.
+@end menu
+
+@node Lucid Widget Library, , , Interface to the X Window System
+@section Lucid Widget Library
+
+Lwlib is extremely poorly documented and quite hairy. The author(s)
+blame that on X, Xt, and Motif, with some justice, but also sufficient
+hypocrisy to avoid drawing the obvious conclusion about their own work.
+
+The Lucid Widget Library is composed of two more or less independent
+pieces. The first, as the name suggests, is a set of widgets. These
+widgets are intended to resemble and improve on widgets provided in the
+Motif toolkit but not in the Athena widgets, including menubars and
+scrollbars. Recent additions by Andy Piper integrate some ``modern''
+widgets by Edward Falk, including checkboxes, radio buttons, progress
+gauges, and index tab controls (aka notebooks).
+
+The second piece of the Lucid widget library is a generic interface to
+several toolkits for X (including Xt, the Athena widget set, and Motif,
+as well as the Lucid widgets themselves) so that core XEmacs code need
+not know which widget set has been used to build the graphical user
+interface.
+
+@menu
+* Generic Widget Interface:: The lwlib generic widget interface.
+* Scrollbars::
+* Menubars::
+* Checkboxes and Radio Buttons::
+* Progress Bars::
+* Tab Controls::
+@end menu
+
+@node Generic Widget Interface, Scrollbars, , Lucid Widget Library
+@subsection Generic Widget Interface
+
+In general in any toolkit a widget may be a composite object. In Xt,
+all widgets have an X window that they manage, but typically a complex
+widget will have widget children, each of which manages a subwindow of
+the parent widget's X window. These children may themselves be
+composite widgets. Thus a widget is actually a tree or hierarchy of
+widgets.
+
+For each toolkit widget, lwlib maintains a tree of @code{widget_values}
+which mirror the hierarchical state of Xt widgets (including Motif,
+Athena, 3D Athena, and Falk's widget sets). Each @code{widget_value}
+has @code{contents} member, which points to the head of a linked list of
+its children. The linked list of siblings is chained through the
+@code{next} member of @code{widget_value}.
+
+@example
+ +-----------+
+ | composite |
+ +-----------+
+ |
+ | contents
+ V
+ +-------+ next +-------+ next +-------+
+ | child |----->| child |----->| child |
+ +-------+ +-------+ +-------+
+ |
+ | contents
+ V
+ +-------------+ next +-------------+
+ | grand child |----->| grand child |
+ +-------------+ +-------------+
+
+The @code{widget_value} hierarchy of a composite widget with two simple
+children and one composite child.
+@end example
+
+The @code{widget_instance} structure maintains the inverse view of the
+tree. As for the @code{widget_value}, siblings are chained through the
+@code{next} member. However, rather than naming children, the
+@code{widget_instance} tree links to parents.
+
+@example
+ +-----------+
+ | composite |
+ +-----------+
+ A
+ | parent
+ |
+ +-------+ next +-------+ next +-------+
+ | child |----->| child |----->| child |
+ +-------+ +-------+ +-------+
+ A
+ | parent
+ |
+ +-------------+ next +-------------+
+ | grand child |----->| grand child |
+ +-------------+ +-------------+
+
+The @code{widget_value} hierarchy of a composite widget with two simple
+children and one composite child.
+@end example
+
+This permits widgets derived from different toolkits to be updated and
+manipulated generically by the lwlib library. For instance
+@code{update_one_widget_instance} can cope with multiple types of widget
+and multiple types of toolkit. Each element in the widget hierarchy is
+updated from its corresponding @code{widget_value} by walking the
+@code{widget_value} tree. This has desirable properties. For example,
+@code{lw_modify_all_widgets} is called from @file{glyphs-x.c} and
+updates all the properties of a widget without having to know what the
+widget is or what toolkit it is from. Unfortunately this also has its
+hairy properties; the lwlib code quite complex. And of course lwlib has
+to know at some level what the widget is and how to set its properties.
+
+The @code{widget_instance} structure also contains a pointer to the root
+of its tree. Widget instances are further confi
+
+
+@node Scrollbars, Menubars, Generic Widget Interface, Lucid Widget Library
+@subsection Scrollbars
+
+@node Menubars, Checkboxes and Radio Buttons, Scrollbars, Lucid Widget Library
+@subsection Menubars
+
+@node Checkboxes and Radio Buttons, Progress Bars, Menubars, Lucid Widget Library
+@subsection Checkboxes and Radio Buttons
+
+@node Progress Bars, Tab Controls, Checkboxes and Radio Buttons, Lucid Widget Library
+@subsection Progress Bars
+
+@node Tab Controls, , Progress Bars, Lucid Widget Library
+@subsection Tab Controls
@include index.texi
projects / chise / xemacs-chise.git- / blobdiff