X-Git-Url: http://git.chise.org/gitweb/?a=blobdiff_plain;f=info%2Fxemacs.info-11;h=bf640bd62f012c4e2f849dee54227503d35168bd;hb=98769b42a33fd8236341ac4175165b2dab7ceae4;hp=f4416a589d76bd734d2a788d72d8865cb8ca9d2a;hpb=e5cd8d4ed475af329be5df9627a53edd584fd3de;p=chise%2Fxemacs-chise.git diff --git a/info/xemacs.info-11 b/info/xemacs.info-11 index f4416a5..bf640bd 100644 --- a/info/xemacs.info-11 +++ b/info/xemacs.info-11 @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -This is ../info/xemacs.info, produced by makeinfo version 4.0 from +This is ../info/xemacs.info, produced by makeinfo version 4.0b from xemacs/xemacs.texi. INFO-DIR-SECTION XEmacs Editor @@ -30,6 +30,685 @@ versions, except that the sections entitled "The GNU Manifesto", translation approved by the author instead of in the original English.  +File: xemacs.info, Node: Pages, Next: Filling, Prev: Paragraphs, Up: Text + +Pages +===== + + Files are often thought of as divided into "pages" by the "formfeed" +character (ASCII Control-L, octal code 014). For example, if a file is +printed on a line printer, each "page" of the file starts on a new page +of paper. Emacs treats a page-separator character just like any other +character. It can be inserted with `C-q C-l' or deleted with . +You are free to paginate your file or not. However, since pages are +often meaningful divisions of the file, commands are provided to move +over them and operate on them. + +`C-x [' + Move point to previous page boundary (`backward-page'). + +`C-x ]' + Move point to next page boundary (`forward-page'). + +`C-x C-p' + Put point and mark around this page (or another page) + (`mark-page'). + +`C-x l' + Count the lines in this page (`count-lines-page'). + + The `C-x [' (`backward-page') command moves point to immediately +after the previous page delimiter. If point is already right after a +page delimiter, the command skips that one and stops at the previous +one. A numeric argument serves as a repeat count. The `C-x ]' +(`forward-page') command moves forward past the next page delimiter. + + The `C-x C-p' command (`mark-page') puts point at the beginning of +the current page and the mark at the end. The page delimiter at the end +is included (the mark follows it). The page delimiter at the front is +excluded (point follows it). You can follow this command by `C-w' to +kill a page you want to move elsewhere. If you insert the page after a +page delimiter, at a place where `C-x ]' or `C-x [' would take you, the +page will be properly delimited before and after once again. + + A numeric argument to `C-x C-p' is used to specify which page to go +to, relative to the current one. Zero means the current page. One +means the next page, and -1 means the previous one. + + The `C-x l' command (`count-lines-page') can help you decide where +to break a page in two. It prints the total number of lines in the +current page in the echo area, then divides the lines into those +preceding the current line and those following it, for example + + Page has 96 (72+25) lines + +Notice that the sum is off by one; this is correct if point is not at +the beginning of a line. + + The variable `page-delimiter' should have as its value a regexp that +matches the beginning of a line that separates pages. This defines +where pages begin. The normal value of this variable is `"^\f"', which +matches a formfeed character at the beginning of a line. + + +File: xemacs.info, Node: Filling, Next: Case, Prev: Pages, Up: Text + +Filling Text +============ + + If you use Auto Fill mode, Emacs "fills" text (breaks it up into +lines that fit in a specified width) as you insert it. When you alter +existing text it is often no longer be properly filled afterwards and +you can use explicit commands for filling. + +* Menu: + +* Auto Fill:: Auto Fill mode breaks long lines automatically. +* Fill Commands:: Commands to refill paragraphs and center lines. +* Fill Prefix:: Filling when every line is indented or in a comment, etc. + + +File: xemacs.info, Node: Auto Fill, Next: Fill Commands, Prev: Filling, Up: Filling + +Auto Fill Mode +-------------- + + "Auto Fill" mode is a minor mode in which lines are broken +automatically when they become too wide. Breaking happens only when +you type a or . + +`M-x auto-fill-mode' + Enable or disable Auto Fill mode. + +`' +`' + In Auto Fill mode, break lines when appropriate. + + `M-x auto-fill-mode' turns Auto Fill mode on if it was off, or off +if it was on. With a positive numeric argument the command always turns +Auto Fill mode on, and with a negative argument it always turns it off. +The presence of the word `Fill' in the mode line, inside the +parentheses, indicates that Auto Fill mode is in effect. Auto Fill mode +is a minor mode; you can turn it on or off for each buffer individually. +*Note Minor Modes::. + + In Auto Fill mode, lines are broken automatically at spaces when +they get longer than desired. Line breaking and rearrangement takes +place only when you type or . To insert a space or newline +without permitting line-breaking, type `C-q ' or `C-q ' +(recall that a newline is really a linefeed). `C-o' inserts a newline +without line breaking. + + Auto Fill mode works well with Lisp mode: when it makes a new line in +Lisp mode, it indents that line with . If a line ending in a Lisp +comment gets too long, the text of the comment is split into two +comment lines. Optionally, new comment delimiters are inserted at the +end of the first line and the beginning of the second, so that each line +is a separate comment. The variable `comment-multi-line' controls the +choice (*note Comments::). + + Auto Fill mode does not refill entire paragraphs. It can break +lines but cannot merge lines. Editing in the middle of a paragraph can +result in a paragraph that is not correctly filled. The easiest way to +make the paragraph properly filled again is using an explicit fill +commands. + + Many users like Auto Fill mode and want to use it in all text files. +The section on init files explains how you can arrange this permanently +for yourself. *Note Init File::. + + +File: xemacs.info, Node: Fill Commands, Next: Fill Prefix, Prev: Auto Fill, Up: Filling + +Explicit Fill Commands +---------------------- + +`M-q' + Fill current paragraph (`fill-paragraph'). + +`M-g' + Fill each paragraph in the region (`fill-region'). + +`C-x f' + Set the fill column (`set-fill-column'). + +`M-x fill-region-as-paragraph' + Fill the region, considering it as one paragraph. + +`M-s' + Center a line. + + To refill a paragraph, use the command `Meta-q' (`fill-paragraph'). +It causes the paragraph containing point, or the one after point if +point is between paragraphs, to be refilled. All line breaks are +removed, and new ones are inserted where necessary. `M-q' can be +undone with `C-_'. *Note Undo::. + + To refill many paragraphs, use `M-g' (`fill-region'), which divides +the region into paragraphs and fills each of them. + + `Meta-q' and `Meta-g' use the same criteria as `Meta-h' for finding +paragraph boundaries (*note Paragraphs::). For more control, you can +use `M-x fill-region-as-paragraph', which refills everything between +point and mark. This command recognizes only blank lines as paragraph +separators. + + A numeric argument to `M-g' or `M-q' causes it to "justify" the text +as well as filling it. Extra spaces are inserted to make the right +margin line up exactly at the fill column. To remove the extra spaces, +use `M-q' or `M-g' with no argument. + + The variable `auto-fill-inhibit-regexp' takes as a value a regexp to +match lines that should not be auto-filled. + + The command `Meta-s' (`center-line') centers the current line within +the current fill column. With an argument, it centers several lines +individually and moves past them. + + The maximum line width for filling is in the variable `fill-column'. +Altering the value of `fill-column' makes it local to the current +buffer; until then, the default value--initially 70--is in effect. +*Note Locals::. + + The easiest way to set `fill-column' is to use the command `C-x f' +(`set-fill-column'). With no argument, it sets `fill-column' to the +current horizontal position of point. With a numeric argument, it uses +that number as the new fill column. + + +File: xemacs.info, Node: Fill Prefix, Prev: Fill Commands, Up: Filling + +The Fill Prefix +--------------- + + To fill a paragraph in which each line starts with a special marker +(which might be a few spaces, giving an indented paragraph), use the +"fill prefix" feature. The fill prefix is a string which is not +included in filling. Emacs expects every line to start with a fill +prefix. + +`C-x .' + Set the fill prefix (`set-fill-prefix'). + +`M-q' + Fill a paragraph using current fill prefix (`fill-paragraph'). + +`M-x fill-individual-paragraphs' + Fill the region, considering each change of indentation as + starting a new paragraph. + + To specify a fill prefix, move to a line that starts with the desired +prefix, put point at the end of the prefix, and give the command +`C-x .' (`set-fill-prefix'). That's a period after the `C-x'. To turn +off the fill prefix, specify an empty prefix: type `C-x .' with point +at the beginning of a line. + + When a fill prefix is in effect, the fill commands remove the fill +prefix from each line before filling and insert it on each line after +filling. Auto Fill mode also inserts the fill prefix inserted on new +lines it creates. Lines that do not start with the fill prefix are +considered to start paragraphs, both in `M-q' and the paragraph +commands; this is just right if you are using paragraphs with hanging +indentation (every line indented except the first one). Lines which are +blank or indented once the prefix is removed also separate or start +paragraphs; this is what you want if you are writing multi-paragraph +comments with a comment delimiter on each line. + + The fill prefix is stored in the variable `fill-prefix'. Its value +is a string, or `nil' when there is no fill prefix. This is a +per-buffer variable; altering the variable affects only the current +buffer, but there is a default value which you can change as well. +*Note Locals::. + + Another way to use fill prefixes is through `M-x +fill-individual-paragraphs'. This function divides the region into +groups of consecutive lines with the same amount and kind of +indentation and fills each group as a paragraph, using its indentation +as a fill prefix. + + +File: xemacs.info, Node: Case, Prev: Filling, Up: Text + +Case Conversion Commands +======================== + + Emacs has commands for converting either a single word or any +arbitrary range of text to upper case or to lower case. + +`M-l' + Convert following word to lower case (`downcase-word'). + +`M-u' + Convert following word to upper case (`upcase-word'). + +`M-c' + Capitalize the following word (`capitalize-word'). + +`C-x C-l' + Convert region to lower case (`downcase-region'). + +`C-x C-u' + Convert region to upper case (`upcase-region'). + + The word conversion commands are used most frequently. `Meta-l' +(`downcase-word') converts the word after point to lower case, moving +past it. Thus, repeating `Meta-l' converts successive words. `Meta-u' +(`upcase-word') converts to all capitals instead, while `Meta-c' +(`capitalize-word') puts the first letter of the word into upper case +and the rest into lower case. The word conversion commands convert +several words at once if given an argument. They are especially +convenient for converting a large amount of text from all upper case to +mixed case: you can move through the text using `M-l', `M-u', or `M-c' +on each word as appropriate, occasionally using `M-f' instead to skip a +word. + + When given a negative argument, the word case conversion commands +apply to the appropriate number of words before point, but do not move +point. This is convenient when you have just typed a word in the wrong +case: you can give the case conversion command and continue typing. + + If a word case conversion command is given in the middle of a word, +it applies only to the part of the word which follows point. This is +just like what `Meta-d' (`kill-word') does. With a negative argument, +case conversion applies only to the part of the word before point. + + The other case conversion commands are `C-x C-u' (`upcase-region') +and `C-x C-l' (`downcase-region'), which convert everything between +point and mark to the specified case. Point and mark do not move. + + +File: xemacs.info, Node: Programs, Next: Running, Prev: Text, Up: Top + +Editing Programs +**************** + + Emacs has many commands designed to understand the syntax of +programming languages such as Lisp and C. These commands can: + + * Move over or kill balanced expressions or "sexps" (*note Lists::). + + * Move over or mark top-level balanced expressions ("defuns", in + Lisp; functions, in C). + + * Show how parentheses balance (*note Matching::). + + * Insert, kill, or align comments (*note Comments::). + + * Follow the usual indentation conventions of the language (*note + Grinding::). + + The commands available for words, sentences, and paragraphs are +useful in editing code even though their canonical application is for +editing human language text. Most symbols contain words (*note +Words::); sentences can be found in strings and comments (*note +Sentences::). Paragraphs per se are not present in code, but the +paragraph commands are useful anyway, because Lisp mode and C mode +define paragraphs to begin and end at blank lines (*note Paragraphs::). +Judicious use of blank lines to make the program clearer also provides +interesting chunks of text for the paragraph commands to work on. + + The selective display feature is useful for looking at the overall +structure of a function (*note Selective Display::). This feature +causes only the lines that are indented less than a specified amount to +appear on the screen. + +* Menu: + +* Program Modes:: Major modes for editing programs. +* Lists:: Expressions with balanced parentheses. + There are editing commands to operate on them. +* Defuns:: Each program is made up of separate functions. + There are editing commands to operate on them. +* Grinding:: Adjusting indentation to show the nesting. +* Matching:: Insertion of a close-delimiter flashes matching open. +* Comments:: Inserting, filling and aligning comments. +* Balanced Editing:: Inserting two matching parentheses at once, etc. +* Lisp Completion:: Completion on symbol names in Lisp code. +* Documentation:: Getting documentation of functions you plan to call. +* Change Log:: Maintaining a change history for your program. +* Tags:: Go direct to any function in your program in one + command. Tags remembers which file it is in. +* Fortran:: Fortran mode and its special features. +* Asm Mode:: Asm mode and its special features. + + +File: xemacs.info, Node: Program Modes, Next: Lists, Prev: Programs, Up: Programs + +Major Modes for Programming Languages +===================================== + + Emacs has several major modes for the programming languages Lisp, +Scheme (a variant of Lisp), C, Fortran, and Muddle. Ideally, a major +mode should be implemented for each programming language you might want +to edit with Emacs; but often the mode for one language can serve for +other syntactically similar languages. The language modes that exist +are those that someone decided to take the trouble to write. + + There are several variants of Lisp mode, which differ in the way they +interface to Lisp execution. *Note Lisp Modes::. + + Each of the programming language modes defines the key to run +an indentation function that knows the indentation conventions of that +language and updates the current line's indentation accordingly. For +example, in C mode is bound to `c-indent-line'. is +normally defined to do followed by ; thus it, too, indents +in a mode-specific fashion. + + In most programming languages, indentation is likely to vary from +line to line. So the major modes for those languages rebind to +treat a tab as if it were the equivalent number of spaces (using the +command `backward-delete-char-untabify'). This makes it possible to +rub out indentation one column at a time without worrying whether it is +made up of spaces or tabs. In these modes, use `C-b C-d' to delete a +tab character before point. + + Programming language modes define paragraphs to be separated only by +blank lines, so that the paragraph commands remain useful. Auto Fill +mode, if enabled in a programming language major mode, indents the new +lines which it creates. + + Turning on a major mode calls a user-supplied function called the +"mode hook", which is the value of a Lisp variable. For example, +turning on C mode calls the value of the variable `c-mode-hook' if that +value exists and is non-`nil'. Mode hook variables for other +programming language modes include `lisp-mode-hook', +`emacs-lisp-mode-hook', `lisp-interaction-mode-hook', +`scheme-mode-hook', and `muddle-mode-hook'. The mode hook function +receives no arguments. + + +File: xemacs.info, Node: Lists, Next: Defuns, Prev: Program Modes, Up: Programs + +Lists and Sexps +=============== + + By convention, Emacs keys for dealing with balanced expressions are +usually `Control-Meta-' characters. They tend to be analogous in +function to their `Control-' and `Meta-' equivalents. These commands +are usually thought of as pertaining to expressions in programming +languages, but can be useful with any language in which some sort of +parentheses exist (including English). + + The commands fall into two classes. Some commands deal only with +"lists" (parenthetical groupings). They see nothing except +parentheses, brackets, braces (depending on what must balance in the +language you are working with), and escape characters that might be used +to quote those. + + The other commands deal with expressions or "sexps". The word `sexp' +is derived from "s-expression", the term for a symbolic expression in +Lisp. In Emacs, the notion of `sexp' is not limited to Lisp. It +refers to an expression in the language your program is written in. +Each programming language has its own major mode, which customizes the +syntax tables so that expressions in that language count as sexps. + + Sexps typically include symbols, numbers, and string constants, as +well as anything contained in parentheses, brackets, or braces. + + In languages that use prefix and infix operators, such as C, it is +not possible for all expressions to be sexps. For example, C mode does +not recognize `foo + bar' as an sexp, even though it is a C expression; +it recognizes `foo' as one sexp and `bar' as another, with the `+' as +punctuation between them. This is a fundamental ambiguity: both `foo + +bar' and `foo' are legitimate choices for the sexp to move over if +point is at the `f'. Note that `(foo + bar)' is a sexp in C mode. + + Some languages have obscure forms of syntax for expressions that +nobody has bothered to make Emacs understand properly. + +`C-M-f' + Move forward over an sexp (`forward-sexp'). + +`C-M-b' + Move backward over an sexp (`backward-sexp'). + +`C-M-k' + Kill sexp forward (`kill-sexp'). + +`C-M-u' + Move up and backward in list structure (`backward-up-list'). + +`C-M-d' + Move down and forward in list structure (`down-list'). + +`C-M-n' + Move forward over a list (`forward-list'). + +`C-M-p' + Move backward over a list (`backward-list'). + +`C-M-t' + Transpose expressions (`transpose-sexps'). + +`C-M-@' + Put mark after following expression (`mark-sexp'). + + To move forward over an sexp, use `C-M-f' (`forward-sexp'). If the +first significant character after point is an opening delimiter (`(' in +Lisp; `(', `[', or `{' in C), `C-M-f' moves past the matching closing +delimiter. If the character begins a symbol, string, or number, +`C-M-f' moves over that. If the character after point is a closing +delimiter, `C-M-f' just moves past it. (This last is not really moving +across an sexp; it is an exception which is included in the definition +of `C-M-f' because it is as useful a behavior as anyone can think of +for that situation.) + + The command `C-M-b' (`backward-sexp') moves backward over a sexp. +The detailed rules are like those above for `C-M-f', but with +directions reversed. If there are any prefix characters (single quote, +back quote, and comma, in Lisp) preceding the sexp, `C-M-b' moves back +over them as well. + + `C-M-f' or `C-M-b' with an argument repeats that operation the +specified number of times; with a negative argument, it moves in the +opposite direction. + + In languages such as C where the comment-terminator can be +recognized, the sexp commands move across comments as if they were +whitespace. In Lisp and other languages where comments run until the +end of a line, it is very difficult to ignore comments when parsing +backwards; therefore, in such languages the sexp commands treat the +text of comments as if it were code. + + Killing an sexp at a time can be done with `C-M-k' (`kill-sexp'). +`C-M-k' kills the characters that `C-M-f' would move over. + + The "list commands", `C-M-n' (`forward-list') and `C-M-p' +(`backward-list'), move over lists like the sexp commands but skip over +any number of other kinds of sexps (symbols, strings, etc). In some +situations, these commands are useful because they usually ignore +comments, since the comments usually do not contain any lists. + + `C-M-n' and `C-M-p' stay at the same level in parentheses, when that +is possible. To move up one (or N) levels, use `C-M-u' +(`backward-up-list'). `C-M-u' moves backward up past one unmatched +opening delimiter. A positive argument serves as a repeat count; a +negative argument reverses direction of motion and also requests +repetition, so it moves forward and up one or more levels. + + To move down in list structure, use `C-M-d' (`down-list'). In Lisp +mode, where `(' is the only opening delimiter, this is nearly the same +as searching for a `('. An argument specifies the number of levels of +parentheses to go down. + + `C-M-t' (`transpose-sexps') drags the previous sexp across the next +one. An argument serves as a repeat count, and a negative argument +drags backwards (thus canceling out the effect of `C-M-t' with a +positive argument). An argument of zero, rather than doing nothing, +transposes the sexps ending after point and the mark. + + To make the region be the next sexp in the buffer, use `C-M-@' +(`mark-sexp') which sets the mark at the same place that `C-M-f' would +move to. `C-M-@' takes arguments like `C-M-f'. In particular, a +negative argument is useful for putting the mark at the beginning of +the previous sexp. + + The list and sexp commands' understanding of syntax is completely +controlled by the syntax table. Any character can, for example, be +declared to be an opening delimiter and act like an open parenthesis. +*Note Syntax::. + + +File: xemacs.info, Node: Defuns, Next: Grinding, Prev: Lists, Up: Programs + +Defuns +====== + + In Emacs, a parenthetical grouping at the top level in the buffer is +called a "defun". The name derives from the fact that most top-level +lists in Lisp are instances of the special form `defun', but Emacs +calls any top-level parenthetical grouping counts a defun regardless of +its contents or the programming language. For example, in C, the body +of a function definition is a defun. + +`C-M-a' + Move to beginning of current or preceding defun + (`beginning-of-defun'). + +`C-M-e' + Move to end of current or following defun (`end-of-defun'). + +`C-M-h' + Put region around whole current or following defun (`mark-defun'). + + The commands to move to the beginning and end of the current defun +are `C-M-a' (`beginning-of-defun') and `C-M-e' (`end-of-defun'). + + To operate on the current defun, use `C-M-h' (`mark-defun') which +puts point at the beginning and the mark at the end of the current or +next defun. This is the easiest way to prepare for moving the defun to +a different place. In C mode, `C-M-h' runs the function +`mark-c-function', which is almost the same as `mark-defun', but which +backs up over the argument declarations, function name, and returned +data type so that the entire C function is inside the region. + + To compile and evaluate the current defun, use `M-x compile-defun'. +This function prints the results in the minibuffer. If you include an +argument, it inserts the value in the current buffer after the defun. + + Emacs assumes that any open-parenthesis found in the leftmost column +is the start of a defun. Therefore, never put an open-parenthesis at +the left margin in a Lisp file unless it is the start of a top level +list. Never put an open-brace or other opening delimiter at the +beginning of a line of C code unless it starts the body of a function. +The most likely problem case is when you want an opening delimiter at +the start of a line inside a string. To avoid trouble, put an escape +character (`\' in C and Emacs Lisp, `/' in some other Lisp dialects) +before the opening delimiter. It will not affect the contents of the +string. + + The original Emacs found defuns by moving upward a level of +parentheses until there were no more levels to go up. This required +scanning back to the beginning of the buffer for every function. To +speed this up, Emacs was changed to assume that any `(' (or other +character assigned the syntactic class of opening-delimiter) at the +left margin is the start of a defun. This heuristic is nearly always +right; however, it mandates the convention described above. + + +File: xemacs.info, Node: Grinding, Next: Matching, Prev: Defuns, Up: Programs + +Indentation for Programs +======================== + + The best way to keep a program properly indented ("ground") is to +use Emacs to re-indent it as you change the program. Emacs has commands +to indent properly either a single line, a specified number of lines, or +all of the lines inside a single parenthetical grouping. + +* Menu: + +* Basic Indent:: +* Multi-line Indent:: Commands to reindent many lines at once. +* Lisp Indent:: Specifying how each Lisp function should be indented. +* C Indent:: Choosing an indentation style for C code. + + +File: xemacs.info, Node: Basic Indent, Next: Multi-line Indent, Prev: Grinding, Up: Grinding + +Basic Program Indentation Commands +---------------------------------- + +`' + Adjust indentation of current line. + +`' + Equivalent to followed by (`newline-and-indent'). + + The basic indentation command is , which gives the current line +the correct indentation as determined from the previous lines. The +function that runs depends on the major mode; it is +`lisp-indent-line' in Lisp mode, `c-indent-line' in C mode, etc. These +functions understand different syntaxes for different languages, but +they all do about the same thing. in any programming language +major mode inserts or deletes whitespace at the beginning of the +current line, independent of where point is in the line. If point is +inside the whitespace at the beginning of the line, leaves it at +the end of that whitespace; otherwise, leaves point fixed with +respect to the characters around it. + + Use `C-q ' to insert a tab at point. + + When entering a large amount of new code, use +(`newline-and-indent'), which is equivalent to a followed by a +. creates a blank line, then gives it the appropriate +indentation. + + indents the second and following lines of the body of a +parenthetical grouping each under the preceding one; therefore, if you +alter one line's indentation to be nonstandard, the lines below tend to +follow it. This is the right behavior in cases where the standard +result of does not look good. + + Remember that Emacs assumes that an open-parenthesis, open-brace, or +other opening delimiter at the left margin (including the indentation +routines) is the start of a function. You should therefore never have +an opening delimiter in column zero that is not the beginning of a +function, not even inside a string. This restriction is vital for +making the indentation commands fast. *Note Defuns::, for more +information on this behavior. + + +File: xemacs.info, Node: Multi-line Indent, Next: Lisp Indent, Prev: Basic Indent, Up: Grinding + +Indenting Several Lines +----------------------- + + Several commands are available to re-indent several lines of code +which have been altered or moved to a different level in a list +structure. + +`C-M-q' + Re-indent all the lines within one list (`indent-sexp'). + +`C-u ' + Shift an entire list rigidly sideways so that its first line is + properly indented. + +`C-M-\' + Re-indent all lines in the region (`indent-region'). + + To re-indent the contents of a single list, position point before the +beginning of it and type `C-M-q'. This key is bound to `indent-sexp' in +Lisp mode, `indent-c-exp' in C mode, and bound to other suitable +functions in other modes. The indentation of the line the sexp starts +on is not changed; therefore, only the relative indentation within the +list, and not its position, is changed. To correct the position as +well, type a before `C-M-q'. + + If the relative indentation within a list is correct but the +indentation of its beginning is not, go to the line on which the list +begins and type `C-u '. When you give a numeric argument, +it moves all the lines in the group, starting on the current line, +sideways the same amount that the current line moves. The command does +not move lines that start inside strings, or C preprocessor lines when +in C mode. + + Another way to specify a range to be re-indented is with point and +mark. The command `C-M-\' (`indent-region') applies to every +line whose first character is between point and mark. + + File: xemacs.info, Node: Lisp Indent, Next: C Indent, Prev: Multi-line Indent, Up: Grinding Customizing Lisp Indentation @@ -492,705 +1171,3 @@ concatenates all the entries it finds. For example, the topic `termcap' finds the description of the termcap library from section 3, followed by the description of the termcap data base from section 5. - -File: xemacs.info, Node: Change Log, Next: Tags, Prev: Documentation, Up: Programs - -Change Logs -=========== - - The Emacs command `M-x add-change-log-entry' helps you keep a record -of when and why you have changed a program. It assumes that you have a -file in which you write a chronological sequence of entries describing -individual changes. The default is to store the change entries in a -file called `ChangeLog' in the same directory as the file you are -editing. The same `ChangeLog' file therefore records changes for all -the files in a directory. - - A change log entry starts with a header line that contains your name -and the current date. Except for these header lines, every line in the -change log starts with a tab. One entry can describe several changes; -each change starts with a line starting with a tab and a star. `M-x -add-change-log-entry' visits the change log file and creates a new entry -unless the most recent entry is for today's date and your name. In -either case, it adds a new line to start the description of another -change just after the header line of the entry. When `M-x -add-change-log-entry' is finished, all is prepared for you to edit in -the description of what you changed and how. You must then save the -change log file yourself. - - The change log file is always visited in Indented Text mode, which -means that and auto-filling indent each new line like the previous -line. This is convenient for entering the contents of an entry, which -must be indented. *Note Text Mode::. - - Here is an example of the formatting conventions used in the change -log for Emacs: - - Wed Jun 26 19:29:32 1985 Richard M. Stallman (rms at mit-prep) - - * xdisp.c (try_window_id): - If C-k is done at end of next-to-last line, - this fn updates window_end_vpos and cannot leave - window_end_pos nonnegative (it is zero, in fact). - If display is preempted before lines are output, - this is inconsistent. Fix by setting - blank_end_of_window to nonzero. - - Tue Jun 25 05:25:33 1985 Richard M. Stallman (rms at mit-prep) - - * cmds.c (Fnewline): - Call the auto fill hook if appropriate. - - * xdisp.c (try_window_id): - If point is found by compute_motion after xp, record that - permanently. If display_text_line sets point position wrong - (case where line is killed, point is at eob and that line is - not displayed), set it again in final compute_motion. - - -File: xemacs.info, Node: Tags, Next: Fortran, Prev: Change Log, Up: Programs - -Tags Tables -=========== - - A "tags table" is a description of how a multi-file program is -broken up into files. It lists the names of the component files and the -names and positions of the functions (or other named subunits) in each -file. Grouping the related files makes it possible to search or replace -through all the files with one command. Recording the function names -and positions makes possible the `M-.' command which finds the -definition of a function by looking up which of the files it is in. - - Tags tables are stored in files called "tags table files". The -conventional name for a tags table file is `TAGS'. - - Each entry in the tags table records the name of one tag, the name -of the file that the tag is defined in (implicitly), and the position -in that file of the tag's definition. - - Just what names from the described files are recorded in the tags -table depends on the programming language of the described file. They -normally include all functions and subroutines, and may also include -global variables, data types, and anything else convenient. Each name -recorded is called a "tag". - -* Menu: - -* Tag Syntax:: Tag syntax for various types of code and text files. -* Create Tags Table:: Creating a tags table with `etags'. -* Etags Regexps:: Create arbitrary tags using regular expressions. -* Select Tags Table:: How to visit a tags table. -* Find Tag:: Commands to find the definition of a specific tag. -* Tags Search:: Using a tags table for searching and replacing. -* List Tags:: Listing and finding tags defined in a file. - - -File: xemacs.info, Node: Tag Syntax, Next: Create Tags Table, Prev: Tags, Up: Tags - -Source File Tag Syntax ----------------------- - - Here is how tag syntax is defined for the most popular languages: - - * In C code, any C function or typedef is a tag, and so are - definitions of `struct', `union' and `enum'. You can tag function - declarations and external variables in addition to function - definitions by giving the `--declarations' option to `etags'. - `#define' macro definitions and `enum' constants are also tags, - unless you specify `--no-defines' when making the tags table. - Similarly, global variables are tags, unless you specify - `--no-globals'. Use of `--no-globals' and `--no-defines' can make - the tags table file much smaller. - - * In C++ code, in addition to all the tag constructs of C code, - member functions are also recognized, and optionally member - variables if you use the `--members' option. Tags for variables - and functions in classes are named `CLASS::VARIABLE' and - `CLASS::FUNCTION'. `operator' functions tags are named, for - example `operator+'. - - * In Java code, tags include all the constructs recognized in C++, - plus the `interface', `extends' and `implements' constructs. Tags - for variables and functions in classes are named `CLASS.VARIABLE' - and `CLASS.FUNCTION'. - - * In LaTeX text, the argument of any of the commands `\chapter', - `\section', `\subsection', `\subsubsection', `\eqno', `\label', - `\ref', `\cite', `\bibitem', `\part', `\appendix', `\entry', or - `\index', is a tag. - - Other commands can make tags as well, if you specify them in the - environment variable `TEXTAGS' before invoking `etags'. The value - of this environment variable should be a colon-separated list of - command names. For example, - - TEXTAGS="def:newcommand:newenvironment" - export TEXTAGS - - specifies (using Bourne shell syntax) that the commands `\def', - `\newcommand' and `\newenvironment' also define tags. - - * In Lisp code, any function defined with `defun', any variable - defined with `defvar' or `defconst', and in general the first - argument of any expression that starts with `(def' in column zero, - is a tag. - - * In Scheme code, tags include anything defined with `def' or with a - construct whose name starts with `def'. They also include - variables set with `set!' at top level in the file. - - Several other languages are also supported: - - * In Ada code, functions, procedures, packages, tasks, and types are - tags. Use the `--packages-only' option to create tags for packages - only. - - * In assembler code, labels appearing at the beginning of a line, - followed by a colon, are tags. - - * In Bison or Yacc input files, each rule defines as a tag the - nonterminal it constructs. The portions of the file that contain - C code are parsed as C code. - - * In Cobol code, tags are paragraph names; that is, any word - starting in column 8 and followed by a period. - - * In Erlang code, the tags are the functions, records, and macros - defined in the file. - - * In Fortran code, functions, subroutines and blockdata are tags. - - * In Objective C code, tags include Objective C definitions for - classes, class categories, methods, and protocols. - - * In Pascal code, the tags are the functions and procedures defined - in the file. - - * In Perl code, the tags are the procedures defined by the `sub', - `my' and `local' keywords. Use `--globals' if you want to tag - global variables. - - * In Postscript code, the tags are the functions. - - * In Prolog code, a tag name appears at the left margin. - - * In Python code, `def' or `class' at the beginning of a line - generate a tag. - - You can also generate tags based on regexp matching (*note Etags -Regexps::) to handle other formats and languages. - - -File: xemacs.info, Node: Create Tags Table, Next: Etags Regexps, Prev: Tag Syntax, Up: Tags - -Creating Tags Tables --------------------- - - The `etags' program is used to create a tags table file. It knows -the syntax of several languages, as described in *Note Tag Syntax::. -Here is how to run `etags': - - etags INPUTFILES... - -The `etags' program reads the specified files, and writes a tags table -named `TAGS' in the current working directory. You can intermix -compressed and plain text source file names. `etags' knows about the -most common compression formats, and does the right thing. So you can -compress all your source files and have `etags' look for compressed -versions of its file name arguments, if it does not find uncompressed -versions. Under MS-DOS, `etags' also looks for file names like -`mycode.cgz' if it is given `mycode.c' on the command line and -`mycode.c' does not exist. - - `etags' recognizes the language used in an input file based on its -file name and contents. You can specify the language with the -`--language=NAME' option, described below. - - If the tags table data become outdated due to changes in the files -described in the table, the way to update the tags table is the same -way it was made in the first place. It is not necessary to do this -often. - - If the tags table fails to record a tag, or records it for the wrong -file, then Emacs cannot possibly find its definition. However, if the -position recorded in the tags table becomes a little bit wrong (due to -some editing in the file that the tag definition is in), the only -consequence is a slight delay in finding the tag. Even if the stored -position is very wrong, Emacs will still find the tag, but it must -search the entire file for it. - - So you should update a tags table when you define new tags that you -want to have listed, or when you move tag definitions from one file to -another, or when changes become substantial. Normally there is no need -to update the tags table after each edit, or even every day. - - One tags table can effectively include another. Specify the included -tags file name with the `--include=FILE' option when creating the file -that is to include it. The latter file then acts as if it contained -all the files specified in the included file, as well as the files it -directly contains. - - If you specify the source files with relative file names when you run -`etags', the tags file will contain file names relative to the -directory where the tags file was initially written. This way, you can -move an entire directory tree containing both the tags file and the -source files, and the tags file will still refer correctly to the source -files. - - If you specify absolute file names as arguments to `etags', then the -tags file will contain absolute file names. This way, the tags file -will still refer to the same files even if you move it, as long as the -source files remain in the same place. Absolute file names start with -`/', or with `DEVICE:/' on MS-DOS and MS-Windows. - - When you want to make a tags table from a great number of files, you -may have problems listing them on the command line, because some systems -have a limit on its length. The simplest way to circumvent this limit -is to tell `etags' to read the file names from its standard input, by -typing a dash in place of the file names, like this: - - find . -name "*.[chCH]" -print | etags - - - Use the option `--language=NAME' to specify the language explicitly. -You can intermix these options with file names; each one applies to -the file names that follow it. Specify `--language=auto' to tell -`etags' to resume guessing the language from the file names and file -contents. Specify `--language=none' to turn off language-specific -processing entirely; then `etags' recognizes tags by regexp matching -alone (*note Etags Regexps::). - - `etags --help' prints the list of the languages `etags' knows, and -the file name rules for guessing the language. It also prints a list of -all the available `etags' options, together with a short explanation. - - -File: xemacs.info, Node: Etags Regexps, Next: Select Tags Table, Prev: Create Tags Table, Up: Tags - -Etags Regexps -------------- - - The `--regex' option provides a general way of recognizing tags -based on regexp matching. You can freely intermix it with file names. -Each `--regex' option adds to the preceding ones, and applies only to -the following files. The syntax is: - - --regex=/TAGREGEXP[/NAMEREGEXP]/ - -where TAGREGEXP is used to match the lines to tag. It is always -anchored, that is, it behaves as if preceded by `^'. If you want to -account for indentation, just match any initial number of blanks by -beginning your regular expression with `[ \t]*'. In the regular -expressions, `\' quotes the next character, and `\t' stands for the tab -character. Note that `etags' does not handle the other C escape -sequences for special characters. - - The syntax of regular expressions in `etags' is the same as in -Emacs, augmented with the "interval operator", which works as in `grep' -and `ed'. The syntax of an interval operator is `\{M,N\}', and its -meaning is to match the preceding expression at least M times and up to -N times. - - You should not match more characters with TAGREGEXP than that needed -to recognize what you want to tag. If the match is such that more -characters than needed are unavoidably matched by TAGREGEXP (as will -usually be the case), you should add a NAMEREGEXP, to pick out just the -tag. This will enable Emacs to find tags more accurately and to do -completion on tag names more reliably. You can find some examples -below. - - The option `--ignore-case-regex' (or `-c') is like `--regex', except -that the regular expression provided will be matched without regard to -case, which is appropriate for various programming languages. - - The `-R' option deletes all the regexps defined with `--regex' -options. It applies to the file names following it, as you can see -from the following example: - - etags --regex=/REG1/ voo.doo --regex=/REG2/ \ - bar.ber -R --lang=lisp los.er - -Here `etags' chooses the parsing language for `voo.doo' and `bar.ber' -according to their contents. `etags' also uses REG1 to recognize -additional tags in `voo.doo', and both REG1 and REG2 to recognize -additional tags in `bar.ber'. `etags' uses the Lisp tags rules, and no -regexp matching, to recognize tags in `los.er'. - - A regular expression can be bound to a given language, by prepending -it with `{lang}'. When you do this, `etags' will use the regular -expression only for files of that language. `etags --help' prints the -list of languages recognised by `etags'. The following example tags -the `DEFVAR' macros in the Emacs source files. `etags' applies this -regular expression to C files only: - - --regex='{c}/[ \t]*DEFVAR_[A-Z_ \t(]+"\([^"]+\)"/' - -This feature is particularly useful when storing a list of regular -expressions in a file. The following option syntax instructs `etags' -to read two files of regular expressions. The regular expressions -contained in the second file are matched without regard to case. - - --regex=@first-file --ignore-case-regex=@second-file - -A regex file contains one regular expressions per line. Empty lines, -and lines beginning with space or tab are ignored. When the first -character in a line is `@', `etags' assumes that the rest of the line -is the name of a file of regular expressions. This means that such -files can be nested. All the other lines are taken to be regular -expressions. For example, one can create a file called `emacs.tags' -with the following contents (the first line in the file is a comment): - - -- This is for GNU Emacs source files - {c}/[ \t]*DEFVAR_[A-Z_ \t(]+"\([^"]+\)"/\1/ - -and then use it like this: - - etags --regex=@emacs.tags *.[ch] */*.[ch] - - Here are some more examples. The regexps are quoted to protect them -from shell interpretation. - - * Tag Octave files: - - etags --language=none \ - --regex='/[ \t]*function.*=[ \t]*\([^ \t]*\)[ \t]*(/\1/' \ - --regex='/###key \(.*\)/\1/' \ - --regex='/[ \t]*global[ \t].*/' \ - *.m - - Note that tags are not generated for scripts so that you have to - add a line by yourself of the form `###key ' if you - want to jump to it. - - * Tag Tcl files: - - etags --language=none --regex='/proc[ \t]+\([^ \t]+\)/\1/' *.tcl - - * Tag VHDL files: - - --language=none \ - --regex='/[ \t]*\(ARCHITECTURE\|CONFIGURATION\) +[^ ]* +OF/' \ - --regex='/[ \t]*\(ATTRIBUTE\|ENTITY\|FUNCTION\|PACKAGE\ - \( BODY\)?\|PROCEDURE\|PROCESS\|TYPE\)[ \t]+\([^ \t(]+\)/\3/' - - -File: xemacs.info, Node: Select Tags Table, Next: Find Tag, Prev: Etags Regexps, Up: Tags - -Selecting a Tags Table ----------------------- - - At any time Emacs has one "selected" tags table, and all the commands -for working with tags tables use the selected one. To select a tags -table, use the variable `tag-table-alist'. - - The value of `tag-table-alist' is a list that determines which -`TAGS' files should be active for a given buffer. This is not really -an association list, in that all elements are checked. The car of each -element of this list is a pattern against which the buffers file name -is compared; if it matches, then the cdr of the list should be the name -of the tags table to use. If more than one element of this list -matches the buffers file name, all of the associated tags tables are -used. Earlier ones are searched first. - - If the car of elements of this list are strings, they are treated as -regular-expressions against which the file is compared (like the -`auto-mode-alist'). If they are not strings, they are evaluated. If -they evaluate to non-`nil', the current buffer is considered to match. - - If the cdr of the elements of this list are strings, they are -assumed to name a tags file. If they name a directory, the string -`tags' is appended to them to get the file name. If they are not -strings, they are evaluated and must return an appropriate string. - - For example: - - (setq tag-table-alist - '(("/usr/src/public/perl/" . "/usr/src/public/perl/perl-3.0/") - ("\\.el$" . "/usr/local/emacs/src/") - ("/jbw/gnu/" . "/usr15/degree/stud/jbw/gnu/") - ("" . "/usr/local/emacs/src/") - )) - - The example defines the tags table alist in the following way: - - * Anything in the directory `/usr/src/public/perl/' should use the - `TAGS' file `/usr/src/public/perl/perl-3.0/TAGS'. - - * Files ending in `.el' should use the `TAGS' file - `/usr/local/emacs/src/TAGS'. - - * Anything in or below the directory `/jbw/gnu/' should use the - `TAGS' file `/usr15/degree/stud/jbw/gnu/TAGS'. - - If you had a file called `/usr/jbw/foo.el', it would use both `TAGS' -files, -`/usr/local/emacs/src/TAGS' and `/usr15/degree/stud/jbw/gnu/TAGS' (in -that order), because it matches both patterns. - - If the buffer-local variable `buffer-tag-table' is set, it names a -tags table that is searched before all others when `find-tag' is -executed from this buffer. - - If there is a file called `TAGS' in the same directory as the file -in question, then that tags file will always be used as well (after the -`buffer-tag-table' but before the tables specified by this list). - - If the variable `tags-file-name' is set, the `TAGS' file it names -will apply to all buffers (for backwards compatibility.) It is searched -first. - - If the value of the variable `tags-always-build-completion-table' is -`t', the tags file will always be added to the completion table without -asking first, regardless of the size of the tags file. - - The function `M-x visit-tags-table', is largely made obsolete by the -variable `tag-table-alist', tells tags commands to use the tags table -file FILE first. The FILE should be the name of a file created with -the `etags' program. A directory name is also acceptable; it means the -file `TAGS' in that directory. The function only stores the file name -you provide in the variable `tags-file-name'. Emacs does not actually -read in the tags table contents until you try to use them. You can set -the variable explicitly instead of using `visit-tags-table'. The value -of the variable `tags-file-name' is the name of the tags table used by -all buffers. This is for backward compatibility, and is largely -supplanted by the variable `tag-table-alist'. - - -File: xemacs.info, Node: Find Tag, Next: Tags Search, Prev: Select Tags Table, Up: Tags - -Finding a Tag -------------- - - The most important thing that a tags table enables you to do is to -find the definition of a specific tag. - -`M-. TAG &OPTIONAL OTHER-WINDOW' - Find first definition of TAG (`find-tag'). - -`C-u M-.' - Find next alternate definition of last tag specified. - -`C-x 4 . TAG' - Find first definition of TAG, but display it in another window - (`find-tag-other-window'). - - `M-.' (`find-tag') is the command to find the definition of a -specified tag. It searches through the tags table for that tag, as a -string, then uses the tags table information to determine the file in -which the definition is used and the approximate character position of -the definition in the file. Then `find-tag' visits the file, moves -point to the approximate character position, and starts searching -ever-increasing distances away for the text that should appear at the -beginning of the definition. - - If an empty argument is given (by typing ), the sexp in the -buffer before or around point is used as the name of the tag to find. -*Note Lists::, for information on sexps. - - The argument to `find-tag' need not be the whole tag name; it can be -a substring of a tag name. However, there can be many tag names -containing the substring you specify. Since `find-tag' works by -searching the text of the tags table, it finds the first tag in the -table that the specified substring appears in. To find other tags that -match the substring, give `find-tag' a numeric argument, as in `C-u -M-.'. This does not read a tag name, but continues searching the tag -table's text for another tag containing the same substring last used. -If your keyboard has a real key, `M-0 M-.' is an easier -alternative to `C-u M-.'. - - If the optional second argument OTHER-WINDOW is non-`nil', it uses -another window to display the tag. Multiple active tags tables and -completion are supported. - - Variables of note include the following: - -`tag-table-alist' - Controls which tables apply to which buffers. - -`tags-file-name' - Stores a default tags table. - -`tags-build-completion-table' - Controls completion behavior. - -`buffer-tag-table' - Specifies a buffer-local table. - -`make-tags-files-invisible' - Sets whether tags tables should be very hidden. - -`tag-mark-stack-max' - Specifies how many tags-based hops to remember. - - Like most commands that can switch buffers, `find-tag' has another -similar command that displays the new buffer in another window. `C-x 4 -.' invokes the function `find-tag-other-window'. (This key sequence -ends with a period.) - - Emacs comes with a tags table file `TAGS' (in the directory -containing Lisp libraries) that includes all the Lisp libraries and all -the C sources of Emacs. By specifying this file with `visit-tags-table' -and then using `M-.' you can quickly look at the source of any Emacs -function. - - -File: xemacs.info, Node: Tags Search, Next: List Tags, Prev: Find Tag, Up: Tags - -Searching and Replacing with Tags Tables ----------------------------------------- - - The commands in this section visit and search all the files listed -in the selected tags table, one by one. For these commands, the tags -table serves only to specify a sequence of files to search. A related -command is `M-x grep' (*note Compilation::). - -`M-x tags-search REGEXP ' - Search for REGEXP through the files in the selected tags table. - -`M-x tags-query-replace REGEXP REPLACEMENT ' - Perform a `query-replace-regexp' on each file in the selected tags - table. - -`M-,' - Restart one of the commands above, from the current location of - point (`tags-loop-continue'). - - `M-x tags-search' reads a regexp using the minibuffer, then searches -for matches in all the files in the selected tags table, one file at a -time. It displays the name of the file being searched so you can -follow its progress. As soon as it finds an occurrence, `tags-search' -returns. - - Having found one match, you probably want to find all the rest. To -find one more match, type `M-,' (`tags-loop-continue') to resume the -`tags-search'. This searches the rest of the current buffer, followed -by the remaining files of the tags table. - - `M-x tags-query-replace' performs a single `query-replace-regexp' -through all the files in the tags table. It reads a regexp to search -for and a string to replace with, just like ordinary `M-x -query-replace-regexp'. It searches much like `M-x tags-search', but -repeatedly, processing matches according to your input. *Note -Replace::, for more information on query replace. - - It is possible to get through all the files in the tags table with a -single invocation of `M-x tags-query-replace'. But often it is useful -to exit temporarily, which you can do with any input event that has no -special query replace meaning. You can resume the query replace -subsequently by typing `M-,'; this command resumes the last tags search -or replace command that you did. - - The commands in this section carry out much broader searches than the -`find-tag' family. The `find-tag' commands search only for definitions -of tags that match your substring or regexp. The commands -`tags-search' and `tags-query-replace' find every occurrence of the -regexp, as ordinary search commands and replace commands do in the -current buffer. - - These commands create buffers only temporarily for the files that -they have to search (those which are not already visited in Emacs -buffers). Buffers in which no match is found are quickly killed; the -others continue to exist. - - It may have struck you that `tags-search' is a lot like `grep'. You -can also run `grep' itself as an inferior of Emacs and have Emacs show -you the matching lines one by one. This works much like running a -compilation; finding the source locations of the `grep' matches works -like finding the compilation errors. *Note Compilation::. - - If you wish to process all the files in a selected tags table, but -`M-x tags-search' and `M-x tags-query-replace' are not giving you the -desired result, you can use `M-x next-file'. - -`C-u M-x next-file' - With a numeric argument, regardless of its value, visit the first - file in the tags table and prepare to advance sequentially by - files. - -`M-x next-file' - Visit the next file in the selected tags table. - - -File: xemacs.info, Node: List Tags, Prev: Tags Search, Up: Tags - -Tags Table Inquiries --------------------- - -`M-x list-tags' - Display a list of the tags defined in a specific program file. - -`M-x tags-apropos' - Display a list of all tags matching a specified regexp. - - `M-x list-tags' reads the name of one of the files described by the -selected tags table, and displays a list of all the tags defined in that -file. The "file name" argument is really just a string to compare -against the names recorded in the tags table; it is read as a string -rather than a file name. Therefore, completion and defaulting are not -available, and you must enter the string the same way it appears in the -tag table. Do not include a directory as part of the file name unless -the file name recorded in the tags table contains that directory. - - `M-x tags-apropos' is like `apropos' for tags. It reads a regexp, -then finds all the tags in the selected tags table whose entries match -that regexp, and displays the tag names found. - - -File: xemacs.info, Node: Fortran, Next: Asm Mode, Prev: Tags, Up: Programs - -Fortran Mode -============ - - Fortran mode provides special motion commands for Fortran statements -and subprograms, and indentation commands that understand Fortran -conventions of nesting, line numbers, and continuation statements. - - Special commands for comments are provided because Fortran comments -are unlike those of other languages. - - Built-in abbrevs optionally save typing when you insert Fortran -keywords. - - Use `M-x fortran-mode' to switch to this major mode. Doing so calls -the value of `fortran-mode-hook' as a function of no arguments if that -variable has a non-`nil' value. - -* Menu: - -* Motion: Fortran Motion. Moving point by statements or subprograms. -* Indent: Fortran Indent. Indentation commands for Fortran. -* Comments: Fortran Comments. Inserting and aligning comments. -* Columns: Fortran Columns. Measuring columns for valid Fortran. -* Abbrev: Fortran Abbrev. Built-in abbrevs for Fortran keywords. - - Fortran mode was contributed by Michael Prange. - - -File: xemacs.info, Node: Fortran Motion, Next: Fortran Indent, Prev: Fortran, Up: Fortran - -Motion Commands ---------------- - - Fortran mode provides special commands to move by subprograms -(functions and subroutines) and by statements. There is also a command -to put the region around one subprogram, which is convenient for -killing it or moving it. - -`C-M-a' - Move to beginning of subprogram - (`beginning-of-fortran-subprogram'). - -`C-M-e' - Move to end of subprogram (`end-of-fortran-subprogram'). - -`C-M-h' - Put point at beginning of subprogram and mark at end - (`mark-fortran-subprogram'). - -`C-c C-n' - Move to beginning of current or next statement (`fortran-next- - statement'). - -`C-c C-p' - Move to beginning of current or previous statement (`fortran- - previous-statement'). -