X-Git-Url: http://git.chise.org/gitweb/?a=blobdiff_plain;f=info%2Fxemacs.info-15;h=295663be3e3710cdfa81d1aa6e6645cdae584fd8;hb=aa4d5b387e91bf03cdeda9e36de71029a917c3df;hp=6b577ca3c13827974e5084f125544b2556e4884e;hpb=7d6edaefa00e7b7e102354283824a4f6a721b71a;p=chise%2Fxemacs-chise.git- diff --git a/info/xemacs.info-15 b/info/xemacs.info-15 index 6b577ca..295663b 100644 --- a/info/xemacs.info-15 +++ b/info/xemacs.info-15 @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -This is ../info/xemacs.info, produced by makeinfo version 4.0 from +This is ../info/xemacs.info, produced by makeinfo version 4.0b from xemacs/xemacs.texi. INFO-DIR-SECTION XEmacs Editor @@ -30,1146 +30,1183 @@ versions, except that the sections entitled "The GNU Manifesto", translation approved by the author instead of in the original English.  -File: xemacs.info, Node: Diary Customizing, Next: Hebrew/Islamic Entries, Prev: Daylight Savings, Up: Calendar Customization - -Customizing the Diary -..................... - - Ordinarily, the mode line of the diary buffer window indicates any -holidays that fall on the date of the diary entries. The process of -checking for holidays can take several seconds, so including holiday -information delays the display of the diary buffer noticeably. If you'd -prefer to have a faster display of the diary buffer but without the -holiday information, set the variable `holidays-in-diary-buffer' to -`nil'. - - The variable `number-of-diary-entries' controls the number of days -of diary entries to be displayed at one time. It affects the initial -display when `view-diary-entries-initially' is `t', as well as the -command `M-x diary'. For example, the default value is 1, which says -to display only the current day's diary entries. If the value is 2, -both the current day's and the next day's entries are displayed. The -value can also be a vector of seven elements: for example, if the value -is `[0 2 2 2 2 4 1]' then no diary entries appear on Sunday, the -current date's and the next day's diary entries appear Monday through -Thursday, Friday through Monday's entries appear on Friday, while on -Saturday only that day's entries appear. - - The variable `print-diary-entries-hook' is a normal hook run after -preparation of a temporary buffer containing just the diary entries -currently visible in the diary buffer. (The other, irrelevant diary -entries are really absent from the temporary buffer; in the diary -buffer, they are merely hidden.) The default value of this hook does -the printing with the command `lpr-buffer'. If you want to use a -different command to do the printing, just change the value of this -hook. Other uses might include, for example, rearranging the lines into -order by day and time. - - You can customize the form of dates in your diary file, if neither -the standard American nor European styles suits your needs, by setting -the variable `diary-date-forms'. This variable is a list of patterns -for recognizing a date. Each date pattern is a list whose elements may -be regular expressions (*note Regexps::) or the symbols `month', `day', -`year', `monthname', and `dayname'. All these elements serve as -patterns that match certain kinds of text in the diary file. In order -for the date pattern, as a whole, to match, all of its elements must -match consecutively. - - A regular expression in a date pattern matches in its usual fashion, -using the standard syntax table altered so that `*' is a word -constituent. - - The symbols `month', `day', `year', `monthname', and `dayname' match -the month number, day number, year number, month name, and day name of -the date being considered. The symbols that match numbers allow -leading zeros; those that match names allow three-letter abbreviations -and capitalization. All the symbols can match `*'; since `*' in a -diary entry means "any day", "any month", and so on, it should match -regardless of the date being considered. - - The default value of `diary-date-forms' in the American style is -this: - - ((month "/" day "[^/0-9]") - (month "/" day "/" year "[^0-9]") - (monthname " *" day "[^,0-9]") - (monthname " *" day ", *" year "[^0-9]") - (dayname "\\W")) - -Emacs matches of the diary entries with the date forms is done with the -standard syntax table from Fundamental mode (*note Syntax Tables: -(lispref)Syntax Tables.), but with the `*' changed so that it is a word -constituent. - - The date patterns in the list must be _mutually exclusive_ and must -not match any portion of the diary entry itself, just the date and one -character of whitespace. If, to be mutually exclusive, the pattern -must match a portion of the diary entry text--beyond the whitespace -that ends the date--then the first element of the date pattern _must_ -be `backup'. This causes the date recognizer to back up to the -beginning of the current word of the diary entry, after finishing the -match. Even if you use `backup', the date pattern must absolutely not -match more than a portion of the first word of the diary entry. The -default value of `diary-date-forms' in the European style is this list: - - ((day "/" month "[^/0-9]") - (day "/" month "/" year "[^0-9]") - (backup day " *" monthname "\\W+\\<[^*0-9]") - (day " *" monthname " *" year "[^0-9]") - (dayname "\\W")) - -Notice the use of `backup' in the third pattern, because it needs to -match part of a word beyond the date itself to distinguish it from the -fourth pattern. +File: xemacs.info, Node: Sunrise/Sunset, Next: Lunar Phases, Prev: Holidays, Up: Calendar/Diary + +Times of Sunrise and Sunset +--------------------------- + + Special calendar commands can tell you, to within a minute or two, +the times of sunrise and sunset for any date. + +`S' + Display times of sunrise and sunset for the selected date + (`calendar-sunrise-sunset'). + +`Button2 Sunrise/Sunset' + Display times of sunrise and sunset for the date you click on. + +`M-x sunrise-sunset' + Display times of sunrise and sunset for today's date. + +`C-u M-x sunrise-sunset' + Display times of sunrise and sunset for a specified date. + + Within the calendar, to display the _local times_ of sunrise and +sunset in the echo area, move point to the date you want, and type `S'. +Alternatively, click `Button2' on the date, then choose +`Sunrise/Sunset' from the menu that appears. The command `M-x +sunrise-sunset' is available outside the calendar to display this +information for today's date or a specified date. To specify a date +other than today, use `C-u M-x sunrise-sunset', which prompts for the +year, month, and day. + + You can display the times of sunrise and sunset for any location and +any date with `C-u C-u M-x sunrise-sunset'. This asks you for a +longitude, latitude, number of minutes difference from Coordinated +Universal Time, and date, and then tells you the times of sunrise and +sunset for that location on that date. + + Because the times of sunrise and sunset depend on the location on +earth, you need to tell Emacs your latitude, longitude, and location +name before using these commands. Here is an example of what to set: + + (setq calendar-latitude 40.1) + (setq calendar-longitude -88.2) + (setq calendar-location-name "Urbana, IL") + +Use one decimal place in the values of `calendar-latitude' and +`calendar-longitude'. + + Your time zone also affects the local time of sunrise and sunset. +Emacs usually gets time zone information from the operating system, but +if these values are not what you want (or if the operating system does +not supply them), you must set them yourself. Here is an example: + + (setq calendar-time-zone -360) + (setq calendar-standard-time-zone-name "CST") + (setq calendar-daylight-time-zone-name "CDT") + +The value of `calendar-time-zone' is the number of minutes difference +between your local standard time and Coordinated Universal Time +(Greenwich time). The values of `calendar-standard-time-zone-name' and +`calendar-daylight-time-zone-name' are the abbreviations used in your +time zone. Emacs displays the times of sunrise and sunset _corrected +for daylight savings time_. *Note Daylight Savings::, for how daylight +savings time is determined. + + As a user, you might find it convenient to set the calendar location +variables for your usual physical location in your init file. And when +you install Emacs on a machine, you can create a `default.el' file +which sets them properly for the typical location of most users of that +machine. *Note Init File::.  -File: xemacs.info, Node: Hebrew/Islamic Entries, Next: Fancy Diary Display, Prev: Diary Customizing, Up: Calendar Customization - -Hebrew- and Islamic-Date Diary Entries -...................................... - - Your diary file can have entries based on Hebrew or Islamic dates, as -well as entries based on the world-standard Gregorian calendar. -However, because recognition of such entries is time-consuming and most -people don't use them, you must explicitly enable their use. If you -want the diary to recognize Hebrew-date diary entries, for example, you -must do this: - - (add-hook 'nongregorian-diary-listing-hook 'list-hebrew-diary-entries) - (add-hook 'nongregorian-diary-marking-hook 'mark-hebrew-diary-entries) - -If you want Islamic-date entries, do this: - - (add-hook 'nongregorian-diary-listing-hook 'list-islamic-diary-entries) - (add-hook 'nongregorian-diary-marking-hook 'mark-islamic-diary-entries) - - Hebrew- and Islamic-date diary entries have the same formats as -Gregorian-date diary entries, except that `H' precedes a Hebrew date -and `I' precedes an Islamic date. Moreover, because the Hebrew and -Islamic month names are not uniquely specified by the first three -letters, you may not abbreviate them. For example, a diary entry for -the Hebrew date Heshvan 25 could look like this: - - HHeshvan 25 Happy Hebrew birthday! +File: xemacs.info, Node: Lunar Phases, Next: Other Calendars, Prev: Sunrise/Sunset, Up: Calendar/Diary -and would appear in the diary for any date that corresponds to Heshvan -25 on the Hebrew calendar. And here is Islamic-date diary entry that -matches Dhu al-Qada 25: +Phases of the Moon +------------------ - IDhu al-Qada 25 Happy Islamic birthday! + These calendar commands display the dates and times of the phases of +the moon (new moon, first quarter, full moon, last quarter). This +feature is useful for debugging problems that "depend on the phase of +the moon." -and would appear in the diary for any date that corresponds to Dhu -al-Qada 25 on the Islamic calendar. +`M' + Display the dates and times for all the quarters of the moon for + the three-month period shown (`calendar-phases-of-moon'). - As with Gregorian-date diary entries, Hebrew- and Islamic-date -entries are nonmarking if they are preceded with an ampersand (`&'). +`M-x phases-of-moon' + Display dates and times of the quarters of the moon for three + months around today's date. - Here is a table of commands used in the calendar to create diary -entries that match the selected date and other dates that are similar -in the Hebrew or Islamic calendar: + Within the calendar, use the `M' command to display a separate +buffer of the phases of the moon for the current three-month range. The +dates and times listed are accurate to within a few minutes. -`i h d' - Add a diary entry for the Hebrew date corresponding to the - selected date (`insert-hebrew-diary-entry'). + Outside the calendar, use the command `M-x phases-of-moon' to +display the list of the phases of the moon for the current month and the +preceding and succeeding months. For information about a different +month, use `C-u M-x phases-of-moon', which prompts for the month and +year. -`i h m' - Add a diary entry for the day of the Hebrew month corresponding to - the selected date (`insert-monthly-hebrew-diary-entry'). This - diary entry matches any date that has the same Hebrew - day-within-month as the selected date. - -`i h y' - Add a diary entry for the day of the Hebrew year corresponding to - the selected date (`insert-yearly-hebrew-diary-entry'). This diary - entry matches any date which has the same Hebrew month and - day-within-month as the selected date. - -`i i d' - Add a diary entry for the Islamic date corresponding to the - selected date (`insert-islamic-diary-entry'). - -`i i m' - Add a diary entry for the day of the Islamic month corresponding - to the selected date (`insert-monthly-islamic-diary-entry'). - -`i i y' - Add a diary entry for the day of the Islamic year corresponding to - the selected date (`insert-yearly-islamic-diary-entry'). - - These commands work much like the corresponding commands for ordinary -diary entries: they apply to the date that point is on in the calendar -window, and what they do is insert just the date portion of a diary -entry at the end of your diary file. You must then insert the rest of -the diary entry. + The dates and times given for the phases of the moon are given in +local time (corrected for daylight savings, when appropriate); but if +the variable `calendar-time-zone' is void, Coordinated Universal Time +(the Greenwich time zone) is used. *Note Daylight Savings::.  -File: xemacs.info, Node: Fancy Diary Display, Next: Included Diary Files, Prev: Hebrew/Islamic Entries, Up: Calendar Customization +File: xemacs.info, Node: Other Calendars, Next: Calendar Systems, Prev: Lunar Phases, Up: Calendar/Diary -Fancy Diary Display -................... +Conversion To and From Other Calendars +-------------------------------------- - Diary display works by preparing the diary buffer and then running -the hook `diary-display-hook'. The default value of this hook -(`simple-diary-display') hides the irrelevant diary entries and then -displays the buffer. However, if you specify the hook as follows, + The Emacs calendar displayed is _always_ the Gregorian calendar, +sometimes called the "new style" calendar, which is used in most of the +world today. However, this calendar did not exist before the sixteenth +century and was not widely used before the eighteenth century; it did +not fully displace the Julian calendar and gain universal acceptance +until the early twentieth century. The Emacs calendar can display any +month since January, year 1 of the current era, but the calendar +displayed is the Gregorian, even for a date at which the Gregorian +calendar did not exist. - (add-hook 'diary-display-hook 'fancy-diary-display) + While Emacs cannot display other calendars, it can convert dates to +and from several other calendars. -this enables fancy diary display. It displays diary entries and -holidays by copying them into a special buffer that exists only for the -sake of display. Copying to a separate buffer provides an opportunity -to change the displayed text to make it prettier--for example, to sort -the entries by the dates they apply to. - - As with simple diary display, you can print a hard copy of the buffer -with `print-diary-entries'. To print a hard copy of a day-by-day diary -for a week by positioning point on Sunday of that week, type `7 d' and -then do `M-x print-diary-entries'. As usual, the inclusion of the -holidays slows down the display slightly; you can speed things up by -setting the variable `holidays-in-diary-buffer' to `nil'. - - Ordinarily, the fancy diary buffer does not show days for which -there are no diary entries, even if that day is a holiday. If you want -such days to be shown in the fancy diary buffer, set the variable -`diary-list-include-blanks' to `t'. - - If you use the fancy diary display, you can use the normal hook -`list-diary-entries-hook' to sort each day's diary entries by their -time of day. Add this line to your `.emacs' file: +* Menu: - (add-hook 'list-diary-entries-hook 'sort-diary-entries t) +* Calendar Systems:: The calendars Emacs understands + (aside from Gregorian). +* To Other Calendar:: Converting the selected date to various calendars. +* From Other Calendar:: Moving to a date specified in another calendar. +* Mayan Calendar:: Moving to a date specified in a Mayan calendar. -For each day, this sorts diary entries that begin with a recognizable -time of day according to their times. Diary entries without times come -first within each day. + If you are interested in these calendars, you can convert dates one +at a time. Put point on the desired date of the Gregorian calendar and +press the appropriate keys. The `p' is a mnemonic for "print" since +Emacs "prints' the equivalent date in the echo area.  -File: xemacs.info, Node: Included Diary Files, Next: Sexp Diary Entries, Prev: Fancy Diary Display, Up: Calendar Customization - -Included Diary Files -.................... - - Fancy diary display also has the ability to process included diary -files. This permits a group of people to share a diary file for events -that apply to all of them. Lines in the diary file of this form: - - #include "FILENAME" - -includes the diary entries from the file FILENAME in the fancy diary -buffer. The include mechanism is recursive, so that included files can -include other files, and so on; you must be careful not to have a cycle -of inclusions, of course. Here is how to enable the include facility: - - (add-hook 'list-diary-entries-hook 'include-other-diary-files) - (add-hook 'mark-diary-entries-hook 'mark-included-diary-files) - - The include mechanism works only with the fancy diary display, -because ordinary diary display shows the entries directly from your -diary file. +File: xemacs.info, Node: Calendar Systems, Next: To Other Calendar, Prev: Other Calendars, Up: Other Calendars + +Supported Calendar Systems +========================== + + The ISO commercial calendar is used largely in Europe. + + The Julian calendar, named after Julius Caesar, was the one used in +Europe throughout medieval times, and in many countries up until the +nineteenth century. + + Astronomers use a simple counting of days elapsed since noon, Monday, +January 1, 4713 B.C. on the Julian calendar. The number of days elapsed +is called the _Julian day number_ or the _Astronomical day number_. + + The Hebrew calendar is used by tradition in the Jewish religion. The +Emacs calendar program uses the Hebrew calendar to determine the dates +of Jewish holidays. Hebrew calendar dates begin and end at sunset. + + The Islamic calendar is used in many predominantly Islamic countries. +Emacs uses it to determine the dates of Islamic holidays. There is no +universal agreement in the Islamic world about the calendar; Emacs uses +a widely accepted version, but the precise dates of Islamic holidays +often depend on proclamation by religious authorities, not on +calculations. As a consequence, the actual dates of observance can vary +slightly from the dates computed by Emacs. Islamic calendar dates begin +and end at sunset. + + The French Revolutionary calendar was created by the Jacobins after +the 1789 revolution, to represent a more secular and nature-based view +of the annual cycle, and to install a 10-day week in a rationalization +measure similar to the metric system. The French government officially +abandoned this calendar at the end of 1805. + + The Maya of Central America used three separate, overlapping calendar +systems, the _long count_, the _tzolkin_, and the _haab_. Emacs knows +about all three of these calendars. Experts dispute the exact +correlation between the Mayan calendar and our calendar; Emacs uses the +Goodman-Martinez-Thompson correlation in its calculations. + + The Copts use a calendar based on the ancient Egyptian solar +calendar. Their calendar consists of twelve 30-day months followed by +an extra five-day period. Once every fourth year they add a leap day +to this extra period to make it six days. The Ethiopic calendar is +identical in structure, but has different year numbers and month names. + + The Persians use a solar calendar based on a design of Omar Khayyam. +Their calendar consists of twelve months of which the first six have 31 +days, the next five have 30 days, and the last has 29 in ordinary years +and 30 in leap years. Leap years occur in a complicated pattern every +four or five years. + + The Chinese calendar is a complicated system of lunar months arranged +into solar years. The years go in cycles of sixty, each year containing +either twelve months in an ordinary year or thirteen months in a leap +year; each month has either 29 or 30 days. Years, ordinary months, and +days are named by combining one of ten "celestial stems" with one of +twelve "terrestrial branches" for a total of sixty names that are +repeated in a cycle of sixty.  -File: xemacs.info, Node: Sexp Diary Entries, Next: Appt Customizing, Prev: Included Diary Files, Up: Calendar Customization - -Sexp Entries and the Fancy Diary Display -........................................ - - Sexp diary entries allow you to do more than just have complicated -conditions under which a diary entry applies. If you use the fancy -diary display, sexp entries can generate the text of the entry depending -on the date itself. For example, an anniversary diary entry can insert -the number of years since the anniversary date into the text of the -diary entry. Thus the `%d' in this dairy entry: - - %%(diary-anniversary 10 31 1948) Arthur's birthday (%d years old) - -gets replaced by the age, so on October 31, 1990 the entry appears in -the fancy diary buffer like this: - - Arthur's birthday (42 years old) - -If the diary file instead contains this entry: - - %%(diary-anniversary 10 31 1948) Arthur's %d%s birthday +File: xemacs.info, Node: To Other Calendar, Next: From Other Calendar, Prev: Calendar Systems, Up: Other Calendars -the entry in the fancy diary buffer for October 31, 1990 appears like -this: +Converting To Other Calendars +============================= - Arthur's 42nd birthday + The following commands describe the selected date (the date at point) +in various other calendar systems: - Similarly, cyclic diary entries can interpolate the number of -repetitions that have occurred: +`Button2 Other Calendars' + Display the date that you click on, expressed in various other + calendars. - %%(diary-cyclic 50 1 1 1990) Renew medication (%d%s time) - -looks like this: - - Renew medication (5th time) - -in the fancy diary display on September 8, 1990. - - The generality of sexp diary entries lets you specify any diary entry -that you can describe algorithmically. A sexp diary entry contains an -expression that computes whether the entry applies to any given date. -If its value is non-`nil', the entry applies to that date; otherwise, -it does not. The expression can use the variable `date' to find the -date being considered; its value is a list (MONTH DAY YEAR) that refers -to the Gregorian calendar. - - Suppose you get paid on the 21st of the month if it is a weekday, and -on the Friday before if the 21st is on a weekend. Here is how to write -a sexp diary entry that matches those dates: - - &%%(let ((dayname (calendar-day-of-week date)) - (day (car (cdr date)))) - (or (and (= day 21) (memq dayname '(1 2 3 4 5))) - (and (memq day '(19 20)) (= dayname 5))) - ) Pay check deposited +`p c' + Display ISO commercial calendar equivalent for selected day + (`calendar-print-iso-date'). -applies to just those dates. This example illustrates how the sexp can -depend on the variable `date'; this variable is a list (MONTH DAY YEAR) -that gives the Gregorian date for which the diary entries are being -found. If the value of the expression is `t', the entry applies to -that date. If the expression evaluates to `nil', the entry does _not_ -apply to that date. +`p j' + Display Julian date for selected day + (`calendar-print-julian-date'). - The following sexp diary entries take advantage of the ability (in -the fancy diary display) to concoct diary entries whose text varies -based on the date: +`p a' + Display astronomical (Julian) day number for selected day + (`calendar-print-astro-day-number'). -`%%(diary-sunrise-sunset)' - Make a diary entry for the local times of today's sunrise and - sunset. +`p h' + Display Hebrew date for selected day + (`calendar-print-hebrew-date'). -`%%(diary-phases-of-moon)' - Make a diary entry for the phases (quarters) of the moon. +`p i' + Display Islamic date for selected day + (`calendar-print-islamic-date'). -`%%(diary-day-of-year)' - Make a diary entry with today's day number in the current year and - the number of days remaining in the current year. +`p f' + Display French Revolutionary date for selected day + (`calendar-print-french-date'). -`%%(diary-iso-date)' - Make a diary entry with today's equivalent ISO commercial date. +`p C' + Display Chinese date for selected day + (`calendar-print-chinese-date'). -`%%(diary-julian-date)' - Make a diary entry with today's equivalent date on the Julian - calendar. +`p k' + Display Coptic date for selected day + (`calendar-print-coptic-date'). -`%%(diary-astro-day-number)' - Make a diary entry with today's equivalent astronomical (Julian) - day number. +`p e' + Display Ethiopic date for selected day + (`calendar-print-ethiopic-date'). -`%%(diary-hebrew-date)' - Make a diary entry with today's equivalent date on the Hebrew - calendar. +`p p' + Display Persian date for selected day + (`calendar-print-persian-date'). -`%%(diary-islamic-date)' - Make a diary entry with today's equivalent date on the Islamic - calendar. +`p m' + Display Mayan date for selected day (`calendar-print-mayan-date'). -`%%(diary-french-date)' - Make a diary entry with today's equivalent date on the French - Revolutionary calendar. + If you are using X, the easiest way to translate a date into other +calendars is to click on it with `Button2', then choose `Other +Calendars' from the menu that appears. This displays the equivalent +forms of the date in all the calendars Emacs understands, in the form of +a menu. (Choosing an alternative from this menu doesn't actually do +anything--the menu is used only for display.) -`%%(diary-mayan-date)' - Make a diary entry with today's equivalent date on the Mayan - calendar. + Put point on the desired date of the Gregorian calendar, then type +the appropriate keys. The `p' is a mnemonic for "print" since Emacs +"prints" the equivalent date in the echo area. -Thus including the diary entry - - &%%(diary-hebrew-date) - -causes every day's diary display to contain the equivalent date on the -Hebrew calendar, if you are using the fancy diary display. (With simple -diary display, the line `&%%(diary-hebrew-date)' appears in the diary -for any date, but does nothing particularly useful.) + +File: xemacs.info, Node: From Other Calendar, Next: Mayan Calendar, Prev: To Other Calendar, Up: Other Calendars + +Converting From Other Calendars +=============================== + + You can use the other supported calendars to specify a date to move +to. This section describes the commands for doing this using calendars +other than Mayan; for the Mayan calendar, see the following section. + +`g c' + Move to a date specified in the ISO commercial calendar + (`calendar-goto-iso-date'). + +`g j' + Move to a date specified in the Julian calendar + (`calendar-goto-julian-date'). + +`g a' + Move to a date specified in astronomical (Julian) day number + (`calendar-goto-astro-day-number'). + +`g h' + Move to a date specified in the Hebrew calendar + (`calendar-goto-hebrew-date'). + +`g i' + Move to a date specified in the Islamic calendar + (`calendar-goto-islamic-date'). + +`g f' + Move to a date specified in the French Revolutionary calendar + (`calendar-goto-french-date'). + +`g C' + Move to a date specified in the Chinese calendar + (`calendar-goto-chinese-date'). + +`g p' + Move to a date specified in the Persian calendar + (`calendar-goto-persian-date'). + +`g k' + Move to a date specified in the Coptic calendar + (`calendar-goto-coptic-date'). + +`g e' + Move to a date specified in the Ethiopic calendar + (`calendar-goto-ethiopic-date'). + + These commands ask you for a date on the other calendar, move point +to the Gregorian calendar date equivalent to that date, and display the +other calendar's date in the echo area. Emacs uses strict completion +(*note Completion::) whenever it asks you to type a month name, so you +don't have to worry about the spelling of Hebrew, Islamic, or French +names. + + One common question concerning the Hebrew calendar is the computation +of the anniversary of a date of death, called a "yahrzeit." The Emacs +calendar includes a facility for such calculations. If you are in the +calendar, the command `M-x list-yahrzeit-dates' asks you for a range of +years and then displays a list of the yahrzeit dates for those years +for the date given by point. If you are not in the calendar, this +command first asks you for the date of death and the range of years, +and then displays the list of yahrzeit dates. - These functions can be used to construct sexp diary entries based on -the Hebrew calendar in certain standard ways: + +File: xemacs.info, Node: Mayan Calendar, Next: Diary, Prev: From Other Calendar, Up: Other Calendars + +Converting from the Mayan Calendar +---------------------------------- + + Here are the commands to select dates based on the Mayan calendar: + +`g m l' + Move to a date specified by the long count calendar + (`calendar-goto-mayan-long-count-date'). + +`g m n t' + Move to the next occurrence of a place in the tzolkin calendar + (`calendar-next-tzolkin-date'). + +`g m p t' + Move to the previous occurrence of a place in the tzolkin calendar + (`calendar-previous-tzolkin-date'). + +`g m n h' + Move to the next occurrence of a place in the haab calendar + (`calendar-next-haab-date'). + +`g m p h' + Move to the previous occurrence of a place in the haab calendar + (`calendar-previous-haab-date'). + +`g m n c' + Move to the next occurrence of a place in the calendar round + (`calendar-next-calendar-round-date'). + +`g m p c' + Move to the previous occurrence of a place in the calendar round + (`calendar-previous-calendar-round-date'). + + To understand these commands, you need to understand the Mayan +calendars. The "long count" is a counting of days with these units: + + 1 kin = 1 day 1 uinal = 20 kin 1 tun = 18 uinal + 1 katun = 20 tun 1 baktun = 20 katun + +Thus, the long count date 12.16.11.16.6 means 12 baktun, 16 katun, 11 +tun, 16 uinal, and 6 kin. The Emacs calendar can handle Mayan long +count dates as early as 7.17.18.13.1, but no earlier. When you use the +`g m l' command, type the Mayan long count date with the baktun, katun, +tun, uinal, and kin separated by periods. + + The Mayan tzolkin calendar is a cycle of 260 days formed by a pair of +independent cycles of 13 and 20 days. Since this cycle repeats +endlessly, Emacs provides commands to move backward and forward to the +previous or next point in the cycle. Type `g m p t' to go to the +previous tzolkin date; Emacs asks you for a tzolkin date and moves point +to the previous occurrence of that date. Similarly, type `g m n t' to +go to the next occurrence of a tzolkin date. + + The Mayan haab calendar is a cycle of 365 days arranged as 18 months +of 20 days each, followed a 5-day monthless period. Like the tzolkin +cycle, this cycle repeats endlessly, and there are commands to move +backward and forward to the previous or next point in the cycle. Type +`g m p h' to go to the previous haab date; Emacs asks you for a haab +date and moves point to the previous occurrence of that date. +Similarly, type `g m n h' to go to the next occurrence of a haab date. + + The Maya also used the combination of the tzolkin date and the haab +date. This combination is a cycle of about 52 years called a _calendar +round_. If you type `g m p c', Emacs asks you for both a haab and a +tzolkin date and then moves point to the previous occurrence of that +combination. Use `g m n c' to move point to the next occurrence of a +combination. These commands signal an error if the haab/tzolkin date +combination you have typed is impossible. + + Emacs uses strict completion (*note Completion::) whenever it asks +you to type a Mayan name, so you don't have to worry about spelling. -`%%(diary-rosh-hodesh)' - Make a diary entry that tells the occurrence and ritual - announcement of each new Hebrew month. + +File: xemacs.info, Node: Diary, Next: Calendar Customization, Prev: Mayan Calendar, Up: Calendar/Diary -`%%(diary-parasha)' - Make a Saturday diary entry that tells the weekly synagogue - scripture reading. +The Diary +--------- -`%%(diary-sabbath-candles)' - Make a Friday diary entry that tells the _local time_ of Sabbath - candle lighting. + The Emacs diary keeps track of appointments or other events on a +daily basis, in conjunction with the calendar. To use the diary +feature, you must first create a "diary file" containing a list of +events and their dates. Then Emacs can automatically pick out and +display the events for today, for the immediate future, or for any +specified date. + + By default, Emacs uses `~/diary' as the diary file. This is the +same file that the `calendar' utility uses. A sample `~/diary' file is: + + 12/22/1988 Twentieth wedding anniversary!! + &1/1. Happy New Year! + 10/22 Ruth's birthday. + * 21, *: Payday + Tuesday--weekly meeting with grad students at 10am + Supowit, Shen, Bitner, and Kapoor to attend. + 1/13/89 Friday the thirteenth!! + &thu 4pm squash game with Lloyd. + mar 16 Dad's birthday + April 15, 1989 Income tax due. + &* 15 time cards due. + +This example uses extra spaces to align the event descriptions of most +of the entries. Such formatting is purely a matter of taste. + + Although you probably will start by creating a diary manually, Emacs +provides a number of commands to let you view, add, and change diary +entries. You can also share diary entries with other users (*note +Included Diary Files::). -`%%(diary-omer)' - Make a diary entry that gives the omer count, when appropriate. +* Menu: -`%%(diary-yahrzeit MONTH DAY YEAR) NAME' - Make a diary entry marking the anniversary of a date of death. - The date is the _Gregorian_ (civil) date of death. The diary - entry appears on the proper Hebrew calendar anniversary and on the - day before. (In the European style, the order of the parameters - is changed to DAY, MONTH, YEAR.) +* Diary Commands:: Viewing diary entries and associated calendar dates. +* Format of Diary File:: Entering events in your diary. +* Date Formats:: Various ways you can specify dates. +* Adding to Diary:: Commands to create diary entries. +* Special Diary Entries:: Anniversaries, blocks of dates, cyclic entries, etc.  -File: xemacs.info, Node: Appt Customizing, Prev: Sexp Diary Entries, Up: Calendar Customization +File: xemacs.info, Node: Diary Commands, Next: Format of Diary File, Prev: Diary, Up: Diary -Customizing Appointment Reminders -................................. +Commands Displaying Diary Entries +--------------------------------- - You can specify exactly how Emacs reminds you of an appointment, and -how far in advance it begins doing so, by setting these variables: + Once you have created a `~/diary' file, you can use the calendar to +view it. You can also view today's events outside of Calendar mode. -`appt-message-warning-time' - The time in minutes before an appointment that the reminder - begins. The default is 10 minutes. +`d' + Display all diary entries for the selected date + (`view-diary-entries'). -`appt-audible' - If this is `t' (the default), Emacs rings the terminal bell for - appointment reminders. +`Button2 Diary' + Display all diary entries for the date you click on. -`appt-visible' - If this is `t' (the default), Emacs displays the appointment - message in echo area. +`s' + Display the entire diary file (`show-all-diary-entries'). -`appt-display-mode-line' - If this is `t' (the default), Emacs displays the number of minutes - to the appointment on the mode line. +`m' + Mark all visible dates that have diary entries + (`mark-diary-entries'). -`appt-msg-window' - If this is `t' (the default), Emacs displays the appointment - message in another window. +`u' + Unmark the calendar window (`calendar-unmark'). -`appt-display-duration' - The number of seconds an appointment message is displayed. The - default is 5 seconds. +`M-x print-diary-entries' + Print hard copy of the diary display as it appears. - -File: xemacs.info, Node: Sorting, Next: Shell, Prev: Calendar/Diary, Up: Top - -Sorting Text -============ - - XEmacs provides several commands for sorting text in a buffer. All -operate on the contents of the region (the text between point and the -mark). They divide the text of the region into many "sort records", -identify a "sort key" for each record, and then reorder the records -using the order determined by the sort keys. The records are ordered so -that their keys are in alphabetical order, or, for numerical sorting, in -numerical order. In alphabetical sorting, all upper-case letters `A' -through `Z' come before lower-case `a', in accordance with the ASCII -character sequence. - - The sort commands differ in how they divide the text into sort -records and in which part of each record they use as the sort key. -Most of the commands make each line a separate sort record, but some -commands use paragraphs or pages as sort records. Most of the sort -commands use each entire sort record as its own sort key, but some use -only a portion of the record as the sort key. - -`M-x sort-lines' - Divide the region into lines and sort by comparing the entire text - of a line. A prefix argument means sort in descending order. - -`M-x sort-paragraphs' - Divide the region into paragraphs and sort by comparing the entire - text of a paragraph (except for leading blank lines). A prefix - argument means sort in descending order. - -`M-x sort-pages' - Divide the region into pages and sort by comparing the entire text - of a page (except for leading blank lines). A prefix argument - means sort in descending order. - -`M-x sort-fields' - Divide the region into lines and sort by comparing the contents of - one field in each line. Fields are defined as separated by - whitespace, so the first run of consecutive non-whitespace - characters in a line constitutes field 1, the second such run - constitutes field 2, etc. - - You specify which field to sort by with a numeric argument: 1 to - sort by field 1, etc. A negative argument means sort in descending - order. Thus, minus 2 means sort by field 2 in reverse-alphabetical - order. - -`M-x sort-numeric-fields' - Like `M-x sort-fields', except the specified field is converted to - a number for each line and the numbers are compared. `10' comes - before `2' when considered as text, but after it when considered - as a number. - -`M-x sort-columns' - Like `M-x sort-fields', except that the text within each line used - for comparison comes from a fixed range of columns. An explanation - is given below. - - For example, if the buffer contains: - - On systems where clash detection (locking of files being edited) is - implemented, XEmacs also checks the first time you modify a buffer - whether the file has changed on disk since it was last visited or - saved. If it has, you are asked to confirm that you want to change - the buffer. - -then if you apply `M-x sort-lines' to the entire buffer you get: - - On systems where clash detection (locking of files being edited) is - implemented, XEmacs also checks the first time you modify a buffer - saved. If it has, you are asked to confirm that you want to change - the buffer. - whether the file has changed on disk since it was last visited or - -where the upper case `O' comes before all lower case letters. If you -apply instead `C-u 2 M-x sort-fields' you get: - - saved. If it has, you are asked to confirm that you want to change - implemented, XEmacs also checks the first time you modify a buffer - the buffer. - On systems where clash detection (locking of files being edited) is - whether the file has changed on disk since it was last visited or - -where the sort keys were `If', `XEmacs', `buffer', `systems', and `the'. - - `M-x sort-columns' requires more explanation. You specify the -columns by putting point at one of the columns and the mark at the other -column. Because this means you cannot put point or the mark at the -beginning of the first line to sort, this command uses an unusual -definition of `region': all of the line point is in is considered part -of the region, and so is all of the line the mark is in. - - For example, to sort a table by information found in columns 10 to -15, you could put the mark on column 10 in the first line of the table, -and point on column 15 in the last line of the table, and then use this -command. Or you could put the mark on column 15 in the first line and -point on column 10 in the last line. - - This can be thought of as sorting the rectangle specified by point -and the mark, except that the text on each line to the left or right of -the rectangle moves along with the text inside the rectangle. *Note -Rectangles::. +`M-x diary' + Display all diary entries for today's date. - -File: xemacs.info, Node: Shell, Next: Narrowing, Prev: Sorting, Up: Top +`M-x diary-mail-entries' + Mail yourself email reminders about upcoming diary entries. -Running Shell Commands from XEmacs -================================== + Displaying the diary entries with `d' shows in a separate window the +diary entries for the selected date in the calendar. The mode line of +the new window shows the date of the diary entries and any holidays +that fall on that date. If you specify a numeric argument with `d', it +shows all the diary entries for that many successive days. Thus, `2 d' +displays all the entries for the selected date and for the following +day. - XEmacs has commands for passing single command lines to inferior -shell processes; it can also run a shell interactively with input and -output to an XEmacs buffer `*shell*'. + Another way to display the diary entries for a date is to click +`Button2' on the date, and then choose `Diary' from the menu that +appears. -`M-!' - Run a specified shell command line and display the output - (`shell-command'). + To get a broader view of which days are mentioned in the diary, use +the `m' command. This displays the dates that have diary entries in a +different face (or places a `+' after these dates, if display with +multiple faces is not available). The command applies both to the +currently visible months and to other months that subsequently become +visible by scrolling. To turn marking off and erase the current marks, +type `u', which also turns off holiday marks (*note Holidays::). -`M-|' - Run a specified shell command line with region contents as input; - optionally replace the region with the output - (`shell-command-on-region'). + To see the full diary file, rather than just some of the entries, use +the `s' command. -`M-x shell' - Run a subshell with input and output through an XEmacs buffer. - You can then give commands interactively. + Display of selected diary entries uses the selective display feature +to hide entries that don't apply. -`M-x term' - Run a subshell with input and output through an XEmacs buffer. - You can then give commands interactively. Full terminal emulation - is available. + The diary buffer as you see it is an illusion, so simply printing the +buffer does not print what you see on your screen. There is a special +command to print hard copy of the diary buffer _as it appears_; this +command is `M-x print-diary-entries'. It sends the data directly to +the printer. You can customize it like `lpr-region' (*note Hardcopy::). -* Menu: + The command `M-x diary' displays the diary entries for the current +date, independently of the calendar display, and optionally for the next +few days as well; the variable `number-of-diary-entries' specifies how +many days to include (*note Customization::). -* Single Shell:: How to run one shell command and return. -* Interactive Shell:: Permanent shell taking input via XEmacs. -* Shell Mode:: Special XEmacs commands used with permanent shell. -* Terminal emulator:: An XEmacs window as a terminal emulator. -* Term Mode:: Special XEmacs commands used in Term mode. -* Paging in Term:: Paging in the terminal emulator. + If you put `(diary)' in your init file, this automatically displays +a window with the day's diary entries, when you enter Emacs. *Note +Init File::. The mode line of the displayed window shows the date and +any holidays that fall on that date. - -File: xemacs.info, Node: Single Shell, Next: Interactive Shell, Prev: Shell, Up: Shell - -Single Shell Commands ---------------------- - - `M-!' (`shell-command') reads a line of text using the minibuffer -and creates an inferior shell to execute the line as a command. -Standard input from the command comes from the null device. If the -shell command produces any output, the output goes to an XEmacs buffer -named `*Shell Command Output*', which is displayed in another window -but not selected. A numeric argument, as in `M-1 M-!', directs this -command to insert any output into the current buffer. In that case, -point is left before the output and the mark is set after the output. - - `M-|' (`shell-command-on-region') is like `M-!' but passes the -contents of the region as input to the shell command, instead of no -input. If a numeric argument is used to direct output to the current -buffer, then the old region is deleted first and the output replaces it -as the contents of the region. - - Both `M-!' and `M-|' use `shell-file-name' to specify the shell to -use. This variable is initialized based on your `SHELL' environment -variable when you start XEmacs. If the file name does not specify a -directory, the directories in the list `exec-path' are searched; this -list is initialized based on the `PATH' environment variable when you -start XEmacs. You can override either or both of these default -initializations in your `.emacs' file. - - When you use `M-!' and `M-|', XEmacs has to wait until the shell -command completes. You can quit with `C-g'; that terminates the shell -command. - - -File: xemacs.info, Node: Interactive Shell, Next: Shell Mode, Prev: Single Shell, Up: Shell - -Interactive Inferior Shell --------------------------- - - To run a subshell interactively with its typescript in an XEmacs -buffer, use `M-x shell'. This creates (or reuses) a buffer named -`*shell*' and runs a subshell with input coming from and output going -to that buffer. That is to say, any "terminal output" from the subshell -will go into the buffer, advancing point, and any "terminal input" for -the subshell comes from text in the buffer. To give input to the -subshell, go to the end of the buffer and type the input, terminated by -. - - XEmacs does not wait for the subshell to do anything. You can switch -windows or buffers and edit them while the shell is waiting, or while -it is running a command. Output from the subshell waits until XEmacs -has time to process it; this happens whenever XEmacs is waiting for -keyboard input or for time to elapse. - - To get multiple subshells, change the name of buffer `*shell*' to -something different by using `M-x rename-buffer'. The next use of `M-x -shell' creates a new buffer `*shell*' with its own subshell. By -renaming this buffer as well you can create a third one, and so on. -All the subshells run independently and in parallel. - - The file name used to load the subshell is the value of the variable -`explicit-shell-file-name', if that is non-`nil'. Otherwise, the -environment variable `ESHELL' is used, or the environment variable -`SHELL' if there is no `ESHELL'. If the file name specified is -relative, the directories in the list `exec-path' are searched (*note -Single Shell Commands: Single Shell.). - - As soon as the subshell is started, it is sent as input the contents -of the file `~/.emacs_SHELLNAME', if that file exists, where SHELLNAME -is the name of the file that the shell was loaded from. For example, -if you use `csh', the file sent to it is `~/.emacs_csh'. - - `cd', `pushd', and `popd' commands given to the inferior shell are -watched by XEmacs so it can keep the `*shell*' buffer's default -directory the same as the shell's working directory. These commands -are recognized syntactically by examining lines of input that are sent. -If you use aliases for these commands, you can tell XEmacs to -recognize them also. For example, if the value of the variable -`shell-pushd-regexp' matches the beginning of a shell command line, -that line is regarded as a `pushd' command. Change this variable when -you add aliases for `pushd'. Likewise, `shell-popd-regexp' and -`shell-cd-regexp' are used to recognize commands with the meaning of -`popd' and `cd'. - - `M-x shell-resync-dirs' queries the shell and resynchronizes XEmacs' -idea of what the current directory stack is. `M-x -shell-dirtrack-toggle' turns directory tracking on and off. - - XEmacs keeps a history of the most recent commands you have typed in -the `*shell*' buffer. If you are at the beginning of a shell command -line and type , the previous shell input is inserted into the -buffer before point. Immediately typing again deletes that input -and inserts the one before it. By repeating you can move -backward through your commands until you find one you want to repeat. -You may then edit the command before typing if you wish. -moves forward through the command history, in case you moved backward -past the one you wanted while using . If you type the first few -characters of a previous command and then type , the most recent -shell input starting with those characters is inserted. This can be -very convenient when you are repeating a sequence of shell commands. -The variable `input-ring-size' controls how many commands are saved in -your input history. The default is 30. + Many users like to receive notice of events in their diary as email. +To send such mail to yourself, use the command `M-x +diary-mail-entries'. A prefix argument specifies how many days +(starting with today) to check; otherwise, the variable +`diary-mail-days' says how many days.  -File: xemacs.info, Node: Shell Mode, Next: Terminal emulator, Prev: Interactive Shell, Up: Shell - -Shell Mode ----------- - - The shell buffer uses Shell mode, which defines several special keys -attached to the `C-c' prefix. They are chosen to resemble the usual -editing and job control characters present in shells that are not under -XEmacs, except that you must type `C-c' first. Here is a list of the -special key bindings of Shell mode: - -`' - At end of buffer send line as input; otherwise, copy current line - to end of buffer and send it (`send-shell-input'). When a line is - copied, any text at the beginning of the line that matches the - variable `shell-prompt-pattern' is left out; this variable's value - should be a regexp string that matches the prompts that you use in - your subshell. - -`C-c C-d' - Send end-of-file as input, probably causing the shell or its - current subjob to finish (`shell-send-eof'). - -`C-d' - If point is not at the end of the buffer, delete the next - character just like most other modes. If point is at the end of - the buffer, send end-of-file as input, instead of generating an - error as in other modes (`comint-delchar-or-maybe-eof'). - -`C-c C-u' - Kill all text that has yet to be sent as input - (`kill-shell-input'). - -`C-c C-w' - Kill a word before point (`backward-kill-word'). - -`C-c C-c' - Interrupt the shell or its current subjob if any - (`interrupt-shell-subjob'). - -`C-c C-z' - Stop the shell or its current subjob if any (`stop-shell-subjob'). - -`C-c C-\' - Send quit signal to the shell or its current subjob if any - (`quit-shell-subjob'). - -`C-c C-o' - Delete last batch of output from shell (`kill-output-from-shell'). - -`C-c C-r' - Scroll top of last batch of output to top of window - (`show-output-from-shell'). - -`C-c C-y' - Copy the previous bunch of shell input and insert it into the - buffer before point (`copy-last-shell-input'). No final newline - is inserted, and the input copied is not resubmitted until you type - . - -`M-p' - Move backward through the input history. Search for a matching - command if you have typed the beginning of a command - (`comint-previous-input'). - -`M-n' - Move forward through the input history. Useful when you are using - quickly and go past the desired command - (`comint-next-input'). - -`' - Complete the file name preceding point (`comint-dynamic-complete'). +File: xemacs.info, Node: Format of Diary File, Next: Date Formats, Prev: Diary Commands, Up: Diary + +The Diary File +-------------- + + Your "diary file" is a file that records events associated with +particular dates. The name of the diary file is specified by the +variable `diary-file'; `~/diary' is the default. The `calendar' +utility program supports a subset of the format allowed by the Emacs +diary facilities, so you can use that utility to view the diary file, +with reasonable results aside from the entries it cannot understand. + + Each entry in the diary file describes one event and consists of one +or more lines. An entry always begins with a date specification at the +left margin. The rest of the entry is simply text to describe the +event. If the entry has more than one line, then the lines after the +first must begin with whitespace to indicate they continue a previous +entry. Lines that do not begin with valid dates and do not continue a +preceding entry are ignored. + + You can inhibit the marking of certain diary entries in the calendar +window; to do this, insert an ampersand (`&') at the beginning of the +entry, before the date. This has no effect on display of the entry in +the diary window; it affects only marks on dates in the calendar +window. Nonmarking entries are especially useful for generic entries +that would otherwise mark many different dates. + + If the first line of a diary entry consists only of the date or day +name with no following blanks or punctuation, then the diary window +display doesn't include that line; only the continuation lines appear. +For example, this entry: + + 02/11/1989 + Bill B. visits Princeton today + 2pm Cognitive Studies Committee meeting + 2:30-5:30 Liz at Lawrenceville + 4:00pm Dentist appt + 7:30pm Dinner at George's + 8:00-10:00pm concert + +appears in the diary window without the date line at the beginning. +This style of entry looks neater when you display just a single day's +entries, but can cause confusion if you ask for more than one day's +entries. + + You can edit the diary entries as they appear in the window, but it +is important to remember that the buffer displayed contains the _entire_ +diary file, with portions of it concealed from view. This means, for +instance, that the `C-f' (`forward-char') command can put point at what +appears to be the end of the line, but what is in reality the middle of +some concealed line. + + _Be careful when editing the diary entries!_ Inserting additional +lines or adding/deleting characters in the middle of a visible line +cannot cause problems, but editing at the end of a line may not do what +you expect. Deleting a line may delete other invisible entries that +follow it. Before editing the diary, it is best to display the entire +file with `s' (`show-all-diary-entries').  -File: xemacs.info, Node: Terminal emulator, Next: Term Mode, Prev: Shell Mode, Up: Shell - -Interactive Inferior Shell with Terminal Emulator -------------------------------------------------- - - To run a subshell in a terminal emulator, putting its typescript in -an XEmacs buffer, use `M-x term'. This creates (or reuses) a buffer -named `*term*' and runs a subshell with input coming from your keyboard -and output going to that buffer. - - All the normal keys that you type are sent without any interpretation -by XEmacs directly to the subshell, as "terminal input." Any "echo" of -your input is the responsibility of the subshell. (The exception is -the terminal escape character, which by default is `C-c'. *note Term -Mode::.) Any "terminal output" from the subshell goes into the buffer, -advancing point. - - Some programs (such as XEmacs itself) need to control the appearance -on the terminal screen in detail. They do this by sending special -control codes. The exact control codes needed vary from terminal to -terminal, but nowadays most terminals and terminal emulators (including -xterm) understand the so-called "ANSI escape sequences" (first -popularized by the Digital's VT100 family of terminal). The term mode -also understands these escape sequences, and for each control code does -the appropriate thing to change the buffer so that the appearance of -the window will match what it would be on a real terminal. Thus you -can actually run XEmacs inside an XEmacs Term window! - - XEmacs does not wait for the subshell to do anything. You can switch -windows or buffers and edit them while the shell is waiting, or while -it is running a command. Output from the subshell waits until XEmacs -has time to process it; this happens whenever XEmacs is waiting for -keyboard input or for time to elapse. - - To make multiple terminal emulators, rename the buffer `*term*' to -something different using `M-x rename-uniquely', just as with Shell -mode. - - The file name used to load the subshell is determined the same way -as for Shell mode. - - Unlike Shell mode, Term mode does not track the current directory by -examining your input. Instead, if you use a programmable shell, you -can have it tell Term what the current directory is. This is done -automatically by bash for version 1.15 and later. +File: xemacs.info, Node: Date Formats, Next: Adding to Diary, Prev: Format of Diary File, Up: Diary + +Date Formats +------------ + + Here are some sample diary entries, illustrating different ways of +formatting a date. The examples all show dates in American order +(month, day, year), but Calendar mode supports European order (day, +month, year) as an option. + + 4/20/93 Switch-over to new tabulation system + apr. 25 Start tabulating annual results + 4/30 Results for April are due + */25 Monthly cycle finishes + Friday Don't leave without backing up files + + The first entry appears only once, on April 20, 1993. The second and +third appear every year on the specified dates, and the fourth uses a +wildcard (asterisk) for the month, so it appears on the 25th of every +month. The final entry appears every week on Friday. + + You can use just numbers to express a date, as in `MONTH/DAY' or +`MONTH/DAY/YEAR'. This must be followed by a nondigit. In the date +itself, MONTH and DAY are numbers of one or two digits. The optional +YEAR is also a number, and may be abbreviated to the last two digits; +that is, you can use `11/12/1989' or `11/12/89'. + + Dates can also have the form `MONTHNAME DAY' or `MONTHNAME DAY, +YEAR', where the month's name can be spelled in full or abbreviated to +three characters (with or without a period). Case is not significant. + + A date may be "generic"; that is, partially unspecified. Then the +entry applies to all dates that match the specification. If the date +does not contain a year, it is generic and applies to any year. +Alternatively, MONTH, DAY, or YEAR can be a `*'; this matches any +month, day, or year, respectively. Thus, a diary entry `3/*/*' matches +any day in March of any year; so does `march *'. + + If you prefer the European style of writing dates--in which the day +comes before the month--type `M-x european-calendar' while in the +calendar, or set the variable `european-calendar-style' to `t' _before_ +using any calendar or diary command. This mode interprets all dates in +the diary in the European manner, and also uses European style for +displaying diary dates. (Note that there is no comma after the +MONTHNAME in the European style.) To go back to the (default) American +style of writing dates, type `M-x american-calendar'. + + You can use the name of a day of the week as a generic date which +applies to any date falling on that day of the week. You can abbreviate +the day of the week to three letters (with or without a period) or spell +it in full; case is not significant.  -File: xemacs.info, Node: Term Mode, Next: Paging in Term, Prev: Terminal emulator, Up: Shell +File: xemacs.info, Node: Adding to Diary, Next: Special Diary Entries, Prev: Date Formats, Up: Diary -Term Mode ---------- +Commands to Add to the Diary +---------------------------- - Term uses Term mode, which has two input modes: In line mode, Term -basically acts like Shell mode. *Note Shell Mode::. In Char mode, -each character is sent directly to the inferior subshell, except for -the Term escape character, normally `C-c'. + While in the calendar, there are several commands to create diary +entries: - To switch between line and char mode, use these commands: - findex term-char-mode +`i d' + Add a diary entry for the selected date (`insert-diary-entry'). -`C-c C-k' - Switch to line mode. Do nothing if already in line mode. +`i w' + Add a diary entry for the selected day of the week + (`insert-weekly-diary-entry'). -`C-c C-j' - Switch to char mode. Do nothing if already in char mode. +`i m' + Add a diary entry for the selected day of the month + (`insert-monthly-diary-entry'). - The following commands are only available in Char mode: -`C-c C-c' - Send a literal to the sub-shell. +`i y' + Add a diary entry for the selected day of the year + (`insert-yearly-diary-entry'). -`C-c C-x' - A prefix command to conveniently access the global commands. - For example, `C-c C-x o' invokes the global binding of `C-x o', - which is normally `other-window'. + You can make a diary entry for a specific date by selecting that date +in the calendar window and typing the `i d' command. This command +displays the end of your diary file in another window and inserts the +date; you can then type the rest of the diary entry. - -File: xemacs.info, Node: Paging in Term, Prev: Term Mode, Up: Shell + If you want to make a diary entry that applies to a specific day of +the week, select that day of the week (any occurrence will do) and type +`i w'. This inserts the day-of-week as a generic date; you can then +type the rest of the diary entry. You can make a monthly diary entry in +the same fashion. Select the day of the month, use the `i m' command, +and type rest of the entry. Similarly, you can insert a yearly diary +entry with the `i y' command. -Paging in the terminal emulator -------------------------------- + All of the above commands make marking diary entries by default. To +make a nonmarking diary entry, give a numeric argument to the command. +For example, `C-u i w' makes a nonmarking weekly diary entry. - Term mode has a pager feature. When the pager is enabled, term mode -will pause at the end of each screenful. - -`C-c C-q' - Toggles the pager feature: Disables the pager if it is enabled, - and vice versa. This works in both line and char modes. If the - pager enabled, the mode-line contains the word `page'. - - If the pager is enabled, and Term receives more than a screenful of -output since your last input, Term will enter More break mode. This is -indicated by `**MORE**' in the mode-line. Type a `Space' to display -the next screenful of output. Type `?' to see your other options. The -interface is similar to the Unix `more' program. + When you modify the diary file, be sure to save the file before +exiting Emacs.  -File: xemacs.info, Node: Narrowing, Next: Hardcopy, Prev: Shell, Up: Top - -Narrowing -========= - - "Narrowing" means focusing in on some portion of the buffer, making -the rest temporarily invisible and inaccessible. Cancelling the -narrowing and making the entire buffer once again visible is called -"widening". The amount of narrowing in effect in a buffer at any time -is called the buffer's "restriction". - -`C-x n n' - Narrow down to between point and mark (`narrow-to-region'). - -`C-x n w' - Widen to make the entire buffer visible again (`widen'). - - Narrowing sometimes makes it easier to concentrate on a single -subroutine or paragraph by eliminating clutter. It can also be used to -restrict the range of operation of a replace command or repeating -keyboard macro. The word `Narrow' appears in the mode line whenever -narrowing is in effect. When you have narrowed to a part of the -buffer, that part appears to be all there is. You can't see the rest, -can't move into it (motion commands won't go outside the visible part), -and can't change it in any way. However, the invisible text is not -gone; if you save the file, it will be saved. - - The primary narrowing command is `C-x n n' (`narrow-to-region'). It -sets the current buffer's restrictions so that the text in the current -region remains visible but all text before the region or after the -region is invisible. Point and mark do not change. - - Because narrowing can easily confuse users who do not understand it, -`narrow-to-region' is normally a disabled command. Attempting to use -this command asks for confirmation and gives you the option of enabling -it; once you enable the command, confirmation will no longer be -required. *Note Disabling::. - - To undo narrowing, use `C-x n w' (`widen'). This makes all text in -the buffer accessible again. - - Use the `C-x =' command to get information on what part of the -buffer you narrowed down. *Note Position Info::. +File: xemacs.info, Node: Special Diary Entries, Prev: Adding to Diary, Up: Diary - -File: xemacs.info, Node: Hardcopy, Next: Recursive Edit, Prev: Narrowing, Up: Top +Special Diary Entries +--------------------- -Hardcopy Output -=============== + In addition to entries based on calendar dates, the diary file can +contain "sexp entries" for regular events such as anniversaries. These +entries are based on Lisp expressions (sexps) that Emacs evaluates as +it scans the diary file. Instead of a date, a sexp entry contains `%%' +followed by a Lisp expression which must begin and end with +parentheses. The Lisp expression determines which dates the entry +applies to. + + Calendar mode provides commands to insert certain commonly used sexp +entries: + +`i a' + Add an anniversary diary entry for the selected date + (`insert-anniversary-diary-entry'). + +`i b' + Add a block diary entry for the current region + (`insert-block-diary-entry'). + +`i c' + Add a cyclic diary entry starting at the date + (`insert-cyclic-diary-entry'). + + If you want to make a diary entry that applies to the anniversary of +a specific date, move point to that date and use the `i a' command. +This displays the end of your diary file in another window and inserts +the anniversary description; you can then type the rest of the diary +entry. The entry looks like this: + + The effect of `i a' is to add a `diary-anniversary' sexp to your +diary file. You can also add one manually, for instance: + + %%(diary-anniversary 10 31 1948) Arthur's birthday + +This entry applies to October 31 in any year after 1948; `10 31 1948' +specifies the date. (If you are using the European calendar style, the +month and day are interchanged.) The reason this expression requires a +beginning year is that advanced diary functions can use it to calculate +the number of elapsed years. + + A "block" diary entry applies to a specified range of consecutive +dates. Here is a block diary entry that applies to all dates from June +24, 1990 through July 10, 1990: + + %%(diary-block 6 24 1990 7 10 1990) Vacation + +The `6 24 1990' indicates the starting date and the `7 10 1990' +indicates the stopping date. (Again, if you are using the European +calendar style, the month and day are interchanged.) + + To insert a block entry, place point and the mark on the two dates +that begin and end the range, and type `i b'. This command displays +the end of your diary file in another window and inserts the block +description; you can then type the diary entry. + + "Cyclic" diary entries repeat after a fixed interval of days. To +create one, select the starting date and use the `i c' command. The +command prompts for the length of interval, then inserts the entry, +which looks like this: + + %%(diary-cyclic 50 3 1 1990) Renew medication + +This entry applies to March 1, 1990 and every 50th day following; `3 1 +1990' specifies the starting date. (If you are using the European +calendar style, the month and day are interchanged.) + + All three of these commands make marking diary entries. To insert a +nonmarking entry, give a numeric argument to the command. For example, +`C-u i a' makes a nonmarking anniversary diary entry. + + Marking sexp diary entries in the calendar is _extremely_ +time-consuming, since every date visible in the calendar window must be +individually checked. So it's a good idea to make sexp diary entries +nonmarking (with `&') when possible. + + Another sophisticated kind of sexp entry, a "floating" diary entry, +specifies a regularly occurring event by offsets specified in days, +weeks, and months. It is comparable to a crontab entry interpreted by +the `cron' utility. Here is a nonmarking, floating diary entry that +applies to the last Thursday in November: + + &%%(diary-float 11 4 -1) American Thanksgiving + +The 11 specifies November (the eleventh month), the 4 specifies Thursday +(the fourth day of the week, where Sunday is numbered zero), and the -1 +specifies "last" (1 would mean "first", 2 would mean "second", -2 would +mean "second-to-last", and so on). The month can be a single month or +a list of months. Thus you could change the 11 above to `'(1 2 3)' and +have the entry apply to the last Thursday of January, February, and +March. If the month is `t', the entry applies to all months of the +year. + + The sexp feature of the diary allows you to specify diary entries +based on any Emacs Lisp expression. You can use the library of built-in +functions or you can write your own functions. The built-in functions +include the ones shown in this section, plus a few others (*note Sexp +Diary Entries::). + + The generality of sexps lets you specify any diary entry that you can +describe algorithmically. Suppose you get paid on the 21st of the month +if it is a weekday, and to the Friday before if the 21st is on a +weekend. The diary entry - The XEmacs commands for making hardcopy derive their names from the -Unix commands `print' and `lpr'. + &%%(let ((dayname (calendar-day-of-week date)) + (day (car (cdr date)))) + (or (and (= day 21) (memq dayname '(1 2 3 4 5))) + (and (memq day '(19 20)) (= dayname 5))) + ) Pay check deposited -`M-x print-buffer' - Print hardcopy of current buffer using Unix command `print' - (`lpr -p'). This command adds page headings containing the file - name and page number. +to just those dates. This example illustrates how the sexp can depend +on the variable `date'; this variable is a list (MONTH DAY YEAR) that +gives the Gregorian date for which the diary entries are being found. +If the value of the sexp is `t', the entry applies to that date. If +the sexp evaluates to `nil', the entry does _not_ apply to that date. -`M-x lpr-buffer' - Print hardcopy of current buffer using Unix command `lpr'. This - command does not add page headings. + +File: xemacs.info, Node: Calendar Customization, Prev: Diary, Up: Calendar/Diary -`M-x print-region' - Like `print-buffer', but prints only the current region. +Customizing the Calendar and Diary +---------------------------------- -`M-x lpr-region' - Like `lpr-buffer', but prints only the current region. + There are many customizations that you can use to make the calendar +and diary suit your personal tastes. - All the hardcopy commands pass extra switches to the `lpr' program -based on the value of the variable `lpr-switches'. Its value should be -a list of strings, each string a switch starting with `-'. For -example, the value could be `("-Pfoo")' to print on printer `foo'. +* Menu: - -File: xemacs.info, Node: Recursive Edit, Next: Dissociated Press, Prev: Hardcopy, Up: Top - -Recursive Editing Levels -======================== - - A "recursive edit" is a situation in which you are using XEmacs -commands to perform arbitrary editing while in the middle of another -XEmacs command. For example, when you type `C-r' inside a -`query-replace', you enter a recursive edit in which you can change the -current buffer. When you exit from the recursive edit, you go back to -the `query-replace'. - - "Exiting" a recursive edit means returning to the unfinished -command, which continues execution. For example, exiting the recursive -edit requested by `C-r' in `query-replace' causes query replacing to -resume. Exiting is done with `C-M-c' (`exit-recursive-edit'). - - You can also "abort" a recursive edit. This is like exiting, but -also quits the unfinished command immediately. Use the command `C-]' -(`abort-recursive-edit') for this. *Note Quitting::. - - The mode line shows you when you are in a recursive edit by -displaying square brackets around the parentheses that always surround -the major and minor mode names. Every window's mode line shows the -square brackets, since XEmacs as a whole, rather than any particular -buffer, is in a recursive edit. - - It is possible to be in recursive edits within recursive edits. For -example, after typing `C-r' in a `query-replace', you might type a -command that entered the debugger. In such a case, two or more sets of -square brackets appear in the mode line(s). Exiting the inner -recursive edit (here with the debugger `c' command) resumes the -query-replace command where it called the debugger. After the end of -the query-replace command, you would be able to exit the first -recursive edit. Aborting exits only one level of recursive edit; it -returns to the command level of the previous recursive edit. You can -then abort that one as well. - - The command `M-x top-level' aborts all levels of recursive edits, -returning immediately to the top level command reader. - - The text you edit inside the recursive edit need not be the same text -that you were editing at top level. If the command that invokes the -recursive edit selects a different buffer first, that is the buffer you -will edit recursively. You can switch buffers within the recursive edit -in the normal manner (as long as the buffer-switching keys have not been -rebound). While you could theoretically do the rest of your editing -inside the recursive edit, including visiting files, this could have -surprising effects (such as stack overflow) from time to time. It is -best if you always exit or abort a recursive edit when you no longer -need it. - - In general, XEmacs tries to avoid using recursive edits. It is -usually preferable to allow users to switch among the possible editing -modes in any order they like. With recursive edits, the only way to get -to another state is to go "back" to the state that the recursive edit -was invoked from. +* Calendar Customizing:: Defaults you can set. +* Holiday Customizing:: Defining your own holidays. +* Date Display Format:: Changing the format. +* Time Display Format:: Changing the format. +* Daylight Savings:: Changing the default. +* Diary Customizing:: Defaults you can set. +* Hebrew/Islamic Entries:: How to obtain them. +* Fancy Diary Display:: Enhancing the diary display, sorting entries. +* Included Diary Files:: Sharing a common diary file. +* Sexp Diary Entries:: Fancy things you can do. +* Appt Customizing:: Customizing appointment reminders.  -File: xemacs.info, Node: Dissociated Press, Next: CONX, Prev: Recursive Edit, Up: Top - -Dissociated Press -================= - - `M-x dissociated-press' is a command for scrambling a file of text -either word by word or character by character. Starting from a buffer -of straight English, it produces extremely amusing output. The input -comes from the current XEmacs buffer. Dissociated Press writes its -output in a buffer named `*Dissociation*', and redisplays that buffer -after every couple of lines (approximately) to facilitate reading it. - - `dissociated-press' asks every so often whether to continue -operating. Answer `n' to stop it. You can also stop at any time by -typing `C-g'. The dissociation output remains in the `*Dissociation*' -buffer for you to copy elsewhere if you wish. - - Dissociated Press operates by jumping at random from one point in the -buffer to another. In order to produce plausible output rather than -gibberish, it insists on a certain amount of overlap between the end of -one run of consecutive words or characters and the start of the next. -That is, if it has just printed out `president' and then decides to -jump to a different point in the file, it might spot the `ent' in -`pentagon' and continue from there, producing `presidentagon'. Long -sample texts produce the best results. - - A positive argument to `M-x dissociated-press' tells it to operate -character by character, and specifies the number of overlap characters. -A negative argument tells it to operate word by word and specifies the -number of overlap words. In this mode, whole words are treated as the -elements to be permuted, rather than characters. No argument is -equivalent to an argument of two. For your againformation, the output -goes only into the buffer `*Dissociation*'. The buffer you start with -is not changed. - - Dissociated Press produces nearly the same results as a Markov chain -based on a frequency table constructed from the sample text. It is, -however, an independent, ignoriginal invention. Dissociated Press -techniquitously copies several consecutive characters from the sample -between random choices, whereas a Markov chain would choose randomly for -each word or character. This makes for more plausible sounding results -and runs faster. - - It is a mustatement that too much use of Dissociated Press can be a -developediment to your real work. Sometimes to the point of outragedy. -And keep dissociwords out of your documentation, if you want it to be -well userenced and properbose. Have fun. Your buggestions are welcome. +File: xemacs.info, Node: Calendar Customizing, Next: Holiday Customizing, Up: Calendar Customization + +Customizing the Calendar +........................ + + If you set the variable `view-diary-entries-initially' to `t', +calling up the calendar automatically displays the diary entries for +the current date as well. The diary dates appear only if the current +date is visible. If you add both of the following lines to your init +file: + + (setq view-diary-entries-initially t) + (calendar) + +this displays both the calendar and diary windows whenever you start +Emacs. *Note Init File::. + + Similarly, if you set the variable +`view-calendar-holidays-initially' to `t', entering the calendar +automatically displays a list of holidays for the current three-month +period. The holiday list appears in a separate window. + + You can set the variable `mark-diary-entries-in-calendar' to `t' in +order to mark any dates with diary entries. This takes effect whenever +the calendar window contents are recomputed. There are two ways of +marking these dates: by changing the face (*note Faces::), if the +display supports that, or by placing a plus sign (`+') beside the date +otherwise. + + Similarly, setting the variable `mark-holidays-in-calendar' to `t' +marks holiday dates, either with a change of face or with an asterisk +(`*'). + + The variable `calendar-holiday-marker' specifies how to mark a date +as being a holiday. Its value may be a character to insert next to the +date, or a face name to use for displaying the date. Likewise, the +variable `diary-entry-marker' specifies how to mark a date that has +diary entries. The calendar creates faces named `holiday-face' and +`diary-face' for these purposes; those symbols are the default values +of these variables, when Emacs supports multiple faces on your terminal. + + The variable `calendar-load-hook' is a normal hook run when the +calendar package is first loaded (before actually starting to display +the calendar). + + Starting the calendar runs the normal hook +`initial-calendar-window-hook'. Recomputation of the calendar display +does not run this hook. But if you leave the calendar with the `q' +command and reenter it, the hook runs again. + + The variable `today-visible-calendar-hook' is a normal hook run +after the calendar buffer has been prepared with the calendar when the +current date is visible in the window. One use of this hook is to +replace today's date with asterisks; to do that, use the hook function +`calendar-star-date'. + + (add-hook 'today-visible-calendar-hook 'calendar-star-date) + +Another standard hook function marks the current date, either by +changing its face or by adding an asterisk. Here's how to use it: + + (add-hook 'today-visible-calendar-hook 'calendar-mark-today) + +The variable `calendar-today-marker' specifies how to mark today's +date. Its value should be a character to insert next to the date or a +face name to use for displaying the date. A face named +`calendar-today-face' is provided for this purpose; that symbol is the +default for this variable when Emacs supports multiple faces on your +terminal. + +A similar normal hook, `today-invisible-calendar-hook' is run if the +current date is _not_ visible in the window.  -File: xemacs.info, Node: CONX, Next: Amusements, Prev: Dissociated Press, Up: Top - -CONX -==== - - Besides producing a file of scrambled text with Dissociated Press, -you can generate random sentences by using CONX. - -`M-x conx' - Generate random sentences in the `*conx*' buffer. - -`M-x conx-buffer' - Absorb the text in the current buffer into the `conx' database. +File: xemacs.info, Node: Holiday Customizing, Next: Date Display Format, Prev: Calendar Customizing, Up: Calendar Customization -`M-x conx-init' - Forget the current word-frequency tree. +Customizing the Holidays +........................ -`M-x conx-load' - Load a `conx' database that has been previously saved with `M-x - conx-save'. + Emacs knows about holidays defined by entries on one of several +lists. You can customize these lists of holidays to your own needs, +adding or deleting holidays. The lists of holidays that Emacs uses are +for general holidays (`general-holidays'), local holidays +(`local-holidays'), Christian holidays (`christian-holidays'), Hebrew +(Jewish) holidays (`hebrew-holidays'), Islamic (Moslem) holidays +(`islamic-holidays'), and other holidays (`other-holidays'). -`M-x conx-region' - Absorb the text in the current buffer into the `conx' database. - -`M-x conx-save' - Save the current `conx' database to a file for future retrieval. + The general holidays are, by default, holidays common throughout the +United States. To eliminate these holidays, set `general-holidays' to +`nil'. - Copy text from a buffer using `M-x conx-buffer' or `M-x conx-region' -and then type `M-x conx'. Output is continuously generated until you -type <^G>. You can save the `conx' database to a file with `M-x -conx-save', which you can retrieve with `M-x conx-load'. To clear the -database, use `M-x conx-init'. + There are no default local holidays (but sites may supply some). You +can set the variable `local-holidays' to any list of holidays, as +described below. + + By default, Emacs does not include all the holidays of the religions +that it knows, only those commonly found in secular calendars. For a +more extensive collection of religious holidays, you can set any (or +all) of the variables `all-christian-calendar-holidays', +`all-hebrew-calendar-holidays', or `all-islamic-calendar-holidays' to +`t'. If you want to eliminate the religious holidays, set any or all +of the corresponding variables `christian-holidays', `hebrew-holidays', +and `islamic-holidays' to `nil'. + + You can set the variable `other-holidays' to any list of holidays. +This list, normally empty, is intended for individual use. + + Each of the lists (`general-holidays', `local-holidays', +`christian-holidays', `hebrew-holidays', `islamic-holidays', and +`other-holidays') is a list of "holiday forms", each holiday form +describing a holiday (or sometimes a list of holidays). + + Here is a table of the possible kinds of holiday form. Day numbers +and month numbers count starting from 1, but "dayname" numbers count +Sunday as 0. The element STRING is always the name of the holiday, as +a string. + +`(holiday-fixed MONTH DAY STRING)' + A fixed date on the Gregorian calendar. MONTH and DAY are + numbers, STRING is the name of the holiday. + +`(holiday-float MONTH DAYNAME K STRING)' + The Kth DAYNAME in MONTH on the Gregorian calendar (DAYNAME=0 for + Sunday, and so on); negative K means count back from the end of + the month. STRING is the name of the holiday. + +`(holiday-hebrew MONTH DAY STRING)' + A fixed date on the Hebrew calendar. MONTH and DAY are numbers, + STRING is the name of the holiday. + +`(holiday-islamic MONTH DAY STRING)' + A fixed date on the Islamic calendar. MONTH and DAY are numbers, + STRING is the name of the holiday. + +`(holiday-julian MONTH DAY STRING)' + A fixed date on the Julian calendar. MONTH and DAY are numbers, + STRING is the name of the holiday. + +`(holiday-sexp SEXP STRING)' + A date calculated by the Lisp expression SEXP. The expression + should use the variable `year' to compute and return the date of a + holiday, or `nil' if the holiday doesn't happen this year. The + value of SEXP must represent the date as a list of the form + `(MONTH DAY YEAR)'. STRING is the name of the holiday. + +`(if CONDITION HOLIDAY-FORM &optional HOLIDAY-FORM)' + A holiday that happens only if CONDITION is true. + +`(FUNCTION [ARGS])' + A list of dates calculated by the function FUNCTION, called with + arguments ARGS. + + For example, suppose you want to add Bastille Day, celebrated in +France on July 14. You can do this by adding the following line to +your init file: + + (setq other-holidays '((holiday-fixed 7 14 "Bastille Day"))) + + *Note Init File::. + +The holiday form `(holiday-fixed 7 14 "Bastille Day")' specifies the +fourteenth day of the seventh month (July). + + Many holidays occur on a specific day of the week, at a specific time +of month. Here is a holiday form describing Hurricane Supplication Day, +celebrated in the Virgin Islands on the fourth Monday in August: + + (holiday-float 8 1 4 "Hurricane Supplication Day") + +Here the 8 specifies August, the 1 specifies Monday (Sunday is 0, +Tuesday is 2, and so on), and the 4 specifies the fourth occurrence in +the month (1 specifies the first occurrence, 2 the second occurrence, +-1 the last occurrence, -2 the second-to-last occurrence, and so on). + + You can specify holidays that occur on fixed days of the Hebrew, +Islamic, and Julian calendars too. For example, + + (setq other-holidays + '((holiday-hebrew 10 2 "Last day of Hanukkah") + (holiday-islamic 3 12 "Mohammed's Birthday") + (holiday-julian 4 2 "Jefferson's Birthday"))) + +adds the last day of Hanukkah (since the Hebrew months are numbered with +1 starting from Nisan), the Islamic feast celebrating Mohammed's +birthday (since the Islamic months are numbered from 1 starting with +Muharram), and Thomas Jefferson's birthday, which is 2 April 1743 on the +Julian calendar. + + To include a holiday conditionally, use either Emacs Lisp's `if' or +the `holiday-sexp' form. For example, American presidential elections +occur on the first Tuesday after the first Monday in November of years +divisible by 4: + + (holiday-sexp (if (= 0 (% year 4)) + (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute + (1+ (calendar-dayname-on-or-before + 1 (+ 6 (calendar-absolute-from-gregorian + (list 11 1 year)))))) + "US Presidential Election")) + +or + + (if (= 0 (% displayed-year 4)) + (fixed 11 + (extract-calendar-day + (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute + (1+ (calendar-dayname-on-or-before + 1 (+ 6 (calendar-absolute-from-gregorian + (list 11 1 displayed-year))))))) + "US Presidential Election")) + + Some holidays just don't fit into any of these forms because special +calculations are involved in their determination. In such cases you +must write a Lisp function to do the calculation. To include eclipses, +for example, add `(eclipses)' to `other-holidays' and write an Emacs +Lisp function `eclipses' that returns a (possibly empty) list of the +relevant Gregorian dates among the range visible in the calendar +window, with descriptive strings, like this: + + (((6 27 1991) "Lunar Eclipse") ((7 11 1991) "Solar Eclipse") ... )  -File: xemacs.info, Node: Amusements, Next: Emulation, Prev: CONX, Up: Top +File: xemacs.info, Node: Date Display Format, Next: Time Display Format, Prev: Holiday Customizing, Up: Calendar Customization -Other Amusements -================ +Date Display Format +................... - If you are a little bit bored, you can try `M-x hanoi'. If you are -considerably bored, give it a numeric argument. If you are very, very -bored, try an argument of 9. Sit back and watch. + You can customize the manner of displaying dates in the diary, in +mode lines, and in messages by setting `calendar-date-display-form'. +This variable holds a list of expressions that can involve the variables +`month', `day', and `year', which are all numbers in string form, and +`monthname' and `dayname', which are both alphabetic strings. In the +American style, the default value of this list is as follows: - When you are frustrated, try the famous Eliza program. Just do `M-x -doctor'. End each input by typing `RET' twice. + ((if dayname (concat dayname ", ")) monthname " " day ", " year) - When you are feeling strange, type `M-x yow'. +while in the European style this value is the default: - -File: xemacs.info, Node: Emulation, Next: Customization, Prev: Amusements, Up: Top + ((if dayname (concat dayname ", ")) day " " monthname " " year) -Emulation -========= + + The ISO standard date representation is this: - XEmacs can be programmed to emulate (more or less) most other -editors. Standard facilities can emulate these: + (year "-" month "-" day) -Viper (a vi emulator) - In XEmacs, Viper is the preferred emulation of vi within XEmacs. - Viper is designed to allow you to take advantage of the best - features of XEmacs while still doing your basic editing in a - familiar, vi-like fashion. Viper provides various different - levels of vi emulation, from a quite complete emulation that - allows almost no access to native XEmacs commands, to an "expert" - mode that combines the most useful vi commands with the most - useful XEmacs commands. +This specifies a typical American format: - To start Viper, put the command + (month "/" day "/" (substring year -2)) - (viper-mode) + +File: xemacs.info, Node: Time Display Format, Next: Daylight Savings, Prev: Date Display Format, Up: Calendar Customization - in your `.emacs' file. +Time Display Format +................... - Viper comes with a separate manual that is provided standard with - the XEmacs distribution. + The calendar and diary by default display times of day in the +conventional American style with the hours from 1 through 12, minutes, +and either `am' or `pm'. If you prefer the European style, also known +in the US as military, in which the hours go from 00 to 23, you can +alter the variable `calendar-time-display-form'. This variable is a +list of expressions that can involve the variables `12-hours', +`24-hours', and `minutes', which are all numbers in string form, and +`am-pm' and `time-zone', which are both alphabetic strings. The +default value of `calendar-time-display-form' is as follows: -EDT (DEC VMS editor) - Turn on EDT emulation with `M-x edt-emulation-on'. `M-x - edt-emulation-off' restores normal Emacs command bindings. + (12-hours ":" minutes am-pm + (if time-zone " (") time-zone (if time-zone ")")) - Most of the EDT emulation commands are keypad keys, and most - standard Emacs key bindings are still available. The EDT - emulation rebindings are done in the global keymap, so there is no - problem switching buffers or major modes while in EDT emulation. +Here is a value that provides European style times: -Gosling Emacs - Turn on emulation of Gosling Emacs (aka Unipress Emacs) with `M-x - set-gosmacs-bindings'. This redefines many keys, mostly on the - `C-x' and `ESC' prefixes, to work as they do in Gosmacs. `M-x - set-gnu-bindings' returns to normal XEmacs by rebinding the same - keys to the definitions they had at the time `M-x - set-gosmacs-bindings' was done. + (24-hours ":" minutes + (if time-zone " (") time-zone (if time-zone ")")) - It is also possible to run Mocklisp code written for Gosling Emacs. - *Note Mocklisp::. +gives military-style times like `21:07 (UT)' if time zone names are +defined, and times like `21:07' if they are not.  -File: xemacs.info, Node: Customization, Next: Quitting, Prev: Emulation, Up: Top +File: xemacs.info, Node: Daylight Savings, Next: Diary Customizing, Prev: Time Display Format, Up: Calendar Customization -Customization -************* - - This chapter talks about various topics relevant to adapting the -behavior of Emacs in minor ways. - - All kinds of customization affect only the particular Emacs job that -you do them in. They are completely lost when you kill the Emacs job, -and have no effect on other Emacs jobs you may run at the same time or -later. The only way an Emacs job can affect anything outside of it is -by writing a file; in particular, the only way to make a customization -`permanent' is to put something in your `.emacs' file or other -appropriate file to do the customization in each session. *Note Init -File::. - -* Menu: +Daylight Savings Time +..................... -* Minor Modes:: Each minor mode is one feature you can turn on - independently of any others. -* Variables:: Many Emacs commands examine Emacs variables - to decide what to do; by setting variables, - you can control their functioning. -* Keyboard Macros:: A keyboard macro records a sequence of keystrokes - to be replayed with a single command. -* Key Bindings:: The keymaps say what command each key runs. - By changing them, you can "redefine keys". -* Syntax:: The syntax table controls how words and expressions - are parsed. -* Init File:: How to write common customizations in the `.emacs' - file. -* Audible Bell:: Changing how Emacs sounds the bell. -* Faces:: Changing the fonts and colors of a region of text. -* X Resources:: X resources controlling various aspects of the - behavior of XEmacs. + Emacs understands the difference between standard time and daylight +savings time--the times given for sunrise, sunset, solstices, +equinoxes, and the phases of the moon take that into account. The rules +for daylight savings time vary from place to place and have also varied +historically from year to year. To do the job properly, Emacs needs to +know which rules to use. + + Some operating systems keep track of the rules that apply to the +place where you are; on these systems, Emacs gets the information it +needs from the system automatically. If some or all of this +information is missing, Emacs fills in the gaps with the rules +currently used in Cambridge, Massachusetts. If the resulting rules are +not what you want, you can tell Emacs the rules to use by setting +certain variables. + + If the default choice of rules is not appropriate for your location, +you can tell Emacs the rules to use by setting the variables +`calendar-daylight-savings-starts' and +`calendar-daylight-savings-ends'. Their values should be Lisp +expressions that refer to the variable `year', and evaluate to the +Gregorian date on which daylight savings time starts or (respectively) +ends, in the form of a list `(MONTH DAY YEAR)'. The values should be +`nil' if your area does not use daylight savings time. + + Emacs uses these expressions to determine the starting date of +daylight savings time for the holiday list and for correcting times of +day in the solar and lunar calculations. + + The values for Cambridge, Massachusetts are as follows: + + (calendar-nth-named-day 1 0 4 year) + (calendar-nth-named-day -1 0 10 year) + +That is, the first 0th day (Sunday) of the fourth month (April) in the +year specified by `year', and the last Sunday of the tenth month +(October) of that year. If daylight savings time were changed to start +on October 1, you would set `calendar-daylight-savings-starts' to this: + + (list 10 1 year) + + For a more complex example, suppose daylight savings time begins on +the first of Nisan on the Hebrew calendar. You should set +`calendar-daylight-savings-starts' to this value: + + (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute + (calendar-absolute-from-hebrew + (list 1 1 (+ year 3760)))) + +because Nisan is the first month in the Hebrew calendar and the Hebrew +year differs from the Gregorian year by 3760 at Nisan. + + If there is no daylight savings time at your location, or if you want +all times in standard time, set `calendar-daylight-savings-starts' and +`calendar-daylight-savings-ends' to `nil'. + + The variable `calendar-daylight-time-offset' specifies the +difference between daylight savings time and standard time, measured in +minutes. The value for Cambridge, Massachusetts is 60. + + The two variables `calendar-daylight-savings-starts-time' and +`calendar-daylight-savings-ends-time' specify the number of minutes +after midnight local time when the transition to and from daylight +savings time should occur. For Cambridge, Massachusetts both variables' +values are 120.