X-Git-Url: http://git.chise.org/gitweb/?a=blobdiff_plain;f=texi%2Fgnus.texi;h=cf3105c1bd6165ecd9b17fd5fe37ac2727f1a73c;hb=HEAD;hp=98e5ac9d7f3d4f45326ffb2a96dea2759c86f7a0;hpb=30d9f23f0291edcefeca1958befadb992d2982b5;p=elisp%2Fgnus.git- diff --git a/texi/gnus.texi b/texi/gnus.texi index 98e5ac9..cf3105c 100644 --- a/texi/gnus.texi +++ b/texi/gnus.texi @@ -1,8 +1,7 @@ - \input texinfo @c -*-texinfo-*- @setfilename gnus -@settitle Pterodactyl Gnus 0.83 Manual +@settitle Semi-gnus 6.9.2 Manual @synindex fn cp @synindex vr cp @synindex pg cp @@ -271,7 +270,7 @@ \thispagestyle{empty} -Copyright \copyright{} 1995,96,97,98,99 Free Software Foundation, Inc. +Copyright \copyright{} 1995,96,97 Free Software Foundation, Inc. Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of this manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice @@ -292,9 +291,9 @@ into another language, under the above conditions for modified versions. @ifinfo -This file documents Gnus, the GNU Emacs newsreader. +This file documents gnus, the GNU Emacs newsreader. -Copyright (C) 1995,96,97,98,99 Free Software Foundation, Inc. +Copyright (C) 1995,96 Free Software Foundation, Inc. Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of this manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice @@ -319,13 +318,13 @@ into another language, under the above conditions for modified versions. @tex @titlepage -@title Pterodactyl Gnus 0.83 Manual +@title Semi-gnus 6.9.2 Manual @author by Lars Magne Ingebrigtsen @page @vskip 0pt plus 1filll -Copyright @copyright{} 1995,96,97,98,99 Free Software Foundation, Inc. +Copyright @copyright{} 1995,96,97 Free Software Foundation, Inc. Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of this manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice @@ -346,16 +345,23 @@ into another language, under the above conditions for modified versions. @node Top -@top The Gnus Newsreader +@top The gnus Newsreader @ifinfo -You can read news (and mail) from within Emacs by using Gnus. The news +You can read news (and mail) from within Emacs by using gnus. The news can be gotten by any nefarious means you can think of---@sc{nntp}, local spool or your mbox file. All at the same time, if you want to push your luck. -This manual corresponds to Pterodactyl Gnus 0.83. +<<< /dev/audio"))) + (list '(\"\\\\.au$\" \"sox %s -t .aiff > /dev/audio\"))) @end lisp @item gnus-uu-user-view-rules-end @vindex gnus-uu-user-view-rules-end -This variable is consulted if Gnus couldn't make any matches from the +This variable is consulted if gnus couldn't make any matches from the user and default view rules. @item gnus-uu-user-archive-rules @@ -6231,15 +6039,15 @@ Default is @code{t}. @cindex viewing files @cindex pseudo-articles -After decoding, if the file is some sort of archive, Gnus will attempt +After decoding, if the file is some sort of archive, gnus will attempt to unpack the archive and see if any of the files in the archive can be viewed. For instance, if you have a gzipped tar file @file{pics.tar.gz} -containing the files @file{pic1.jpg} and @file{pic2.gif}, Gnus will +containing the files @file{pic1.jpg} and @file{pic2.gif}, gnus will uncompress and de-tar the main file, and then view the two pictures. This unpacking process is recursive, so if the archive contains archives of archives, it'll all be unpacked. -Finally, Gnus will normally insert a @dfn{pseudo-article} for each +Finally, gnus will normally insert a @dfn{pseudo-article} for each extracted file into the summary buffer. If you go to these ``articles'', you will be prompted for a command to run (usually Gnus will make a suggestion), and then the command will be run. @@ -6294,7 +6102,7 @@ these articles easier. @cindex highlighting Not only do you want your article buffer to look like fruit salad, but -you want it to look like technicolor fruit salad. +you want it to look like technicolor fruit salad. @table @kbd @@ -6306,6 +6114,11 @@ Do much highlighting of the current article (@code{gnus-article-highlight}). This function highlights header, cited text, the signature, and adds buttons to the body and the head. +Most users would prefer using @code{gnus-article-maybe-highlight} in +@code{gnus-article-display-hook} (@pxref{Customizing Articles}) instead. +This is a bit less agressive---it highlights only the headers, the +signature and adds buttons. + @item W H h @kindex W H h (Summary) @findex gnus-article-highlight-headers @@ -6345,7 +6158,7 @@ Maximum possible length for a citation prefix (default 20). @vindex gnus-cite-face-list List of faces used for highlighting citations (@pxref{Faces and Fonts}). When there are citations from multiple articles in the same message, -Gnus will try to give each citation from each article its own face. +gnus will try to give each citation from each article its own face. This should make it easier to see who wrote what. @item gnus-supercite-regexp @@ -6390,7 +6203,7 @@ default. @end table -@xref{Customizing Articles}, for how to highlight articles automatically. +@xref{Customizing Articles} for how to highlight articles automatically. @node Article Fontisizing @@ -6444,7 +6257,7 @@ say something like: (copy-face 'red 'gnus-emphasis-italic) @end lisp -@xref{Customizing Articles}, for how to fontize articles automatically. +@xref{Customizing Articles} for how to fontize articles automatically. @node Article Hiding @@ -6461,7 +6274,7 @@ too much cruft in most articles. @findex gnus-article-hide Do quite a lot of hiding on the article buffer (@kbd{gnus-article-hide}). In particular, this function will hide -headers, PGP, cited text and the signature. +headers, PGP, cited text and the signature. @item W W h @kindex W W h (Summary) @@ -6487,22 +6300,7 @@ Signature}. @vindex gnus-article-hide-pgp-hook Hide @sc{pgp} signatures (@code{gnus-article-hide-pgp}). The @code{gnus-article-hide-pgp-hook} hook will be run after a @sc{pgp} -signature has been hidden. For example, to automatically verify -articles that have signatures in them do: -@lisp -;;; Hide pgp cruft if any. - -(setq gnus-treat-strip-pgp t) - -;;; After hiding pgp, verify the message; -;;; only happens if pgp signature is found. - -(add-hook 'gnus-article-hide-pgp-hook - (lambda () - (save-excursion - (set-buffer gnus-original-article-buffer) - (mc-verify)))) -@end lisp +signature has been hidden. @item W W P @kindex W W P (Summary) @@ -6510,19 +6308,6 @@ articles that have signatures in them do: Hide @sc{pem} (privacy enhanced messages) cruft (@code{gnus-article-hide-pem}). -@item W W B -@kindex W W B (Summary) -@findex gnus-article-strip-banner -Strip the banner specified by the @code{banner} group parameter -(@code{gnus-article-strip-banner}). This is mainly used to hide those -annoying banners and/or signatures that some mailing lists and moderated -groups adds to all the messages. The way to use this function is to add -the @code{banner} group parameter (@pxref{Group Parameters}) to the -group you want banners stripped from. The parameter either be a string, -which will be interpreted as a regular expression matching text to be -removed, or the symbol @code{signature}, meaning that the (last) -signature should be removed. - @item W W c @kindex W W c (Summary) @findex gnus-article-hide-citation @@ -6582,7 +6367,7 @@ is hidden. Hide cited text in articles that aren't roots (@code{gnus-article-hide-citation-in-followups}). This isn't very useful as an interactive command, but might be a handy function to stick -have happen automatically (@pxref{Customizing Articles}). +in @code{gnus-article-display-hook} (@pxref{Customizing Articles}). @end table @@ -6593,7 +6378,7 @@ hidden. If you give a positive prefix, they will always hide. Also @pxref{Article Highlighting} for further variables for citation customization. -@xref{Customizing Articles}, for how to hide article elements +@xref{Customizing Articles} for how to hide article elements automatically. @@ -6615,8 +6400,8 @@ Cleaner, perhaps. @kindex W l (Summary) @findex gnus-summary-stop-page-breaking Remove page breaks from the current article -(@code{gnus-summary-stop-page-breaking}). @xref{Misc Article}, for page -delimiters. +(@code{gnus-summary-stop-page-breaking}). @xref{Misc Article} for page +delimiters. @item W r @kindex W r (Summary) @@ -6644,6 +6429,12 @@ Toggle whether to display all headers in the article buffer Toggle whether to display all headers in the article buffer permanently (@code{gnus-summary-verbose-header}). +@item W m +@kindex W m (Summary) +@findex gnus-summary-toggle-mime +Toggle whether to display the article as @sc{mime} message +(@code{gnus-summary-toggle-mime}). + @item W o @kindex W o (Summary) @findex gnus-article-treat-overstrike @@ -6652,54 +6443,24 @@ Treat overstrike (@code{gnus-article-treat-overstrike}). @item W d @kindex W d (Summary) @findex gnus-article-treat-dumbquotes -@vindex gnus-article-dumbquotes-map -@cindex Smartquotes -@cindex M******** sm*rtq**t*s -@cindex Latin 1 -Treat M******** sm*rtq**t*s according to -@code{gnus-article-dumbquotes-map} -(@code{gnus-article-treat-dumbquotes}). Note that this function guesses -whether a character is a sm*rtq**t* or not, so it should only be used -interactively. +Treat M******** sm*rtq**t*s (@code{gnus-article-treat-dumbquotes}). @item W w @kindex W w (Summary) @findex gnus-article-fill-cited-article -Do word wrap (@code{gnus-article-fill-cited-article}). +Do word wrap (@code{gnus-article-fill-cited-article}). If you use this +function in @code{gnus-article-display-hook}, it should be run fairly +late and certainly after any highlighting. You can give the command a numerical prefix to specify the width to use when filling. -@item W q -@kindex W q (Summary) -@findex gnus-article-fill-long-lines -Fill long lines (@code{gnus-article-fill-long-lines}). - -@item W C -@kindex W C (Summary) -@findex gnus-article-capitalize-sentencse -Capitalize the first word in each sentence -(@code{gnus-article-capitalize-sentences}). - @item W c @kindex W c (Summary) @findex gnus-article-remove-cr -Translate CRLF pairs (i. e., @samp{^M}s on the end of the lines) into LF -(this takes care of DOS line endings), and then translate any remaining -CRs into LF (this takes care of Mac line endings) +Remove CR (i. e., @samp{^M}s on the end of the lines) (@code{gnus-article-remove-cr}). -@item W q -@kindex W q (Summary) -@findex gnus-article-de-quoted-unreadable -Treat quoted-printable (@code{gnus-article-de-quoted-unreadable}). -Quoted-Printable is one common @sc{mime} encoding employed when sending -non-ASCII (i. e., 8-bit) articles. It typically makes strings like -@samp{déjà vu} look like @samp{d=E9j=E0 vu}, which doesn't look very -readable to me. Note that the this is usually done automatically by -Gnus if the message in question has a @code{Content-Transfer-Encoding} -header that says that this encoding has been done. - @item W f @kindex W f (Summary) @cindex x-face @@ -6732,7 +6493,7 @@ last. @kindex W b (Summary) @findex gnus-article-add-buttons Add clickable buttons to the article (@code{gnus-article-add-buttons}). -@xref{Article Buttons}. +@xref{Article Buttons} @item W B @kindex W B (Summary) @@ -6740,12 +6501,6 @@ Add clickable buttons to the article (@code{gnus-article-add-buttons}). Add clickable buttons to the article headers (@code{gnus-article-add-buttons-to-head}). -@item W W H -@kindex W W H (Summary) -@findex gnus-article-strip-headers-from-body -Strip headers like the @code{X-No-Archive} header from the beginning of -article bodies (@code{gnus-article-strip-headers-from-body}). - @item W E l @kindex W E l (Summary) @findex gnus-article-strip-leading-blank-lines @@ -6783,15 +6538,9 @@ Remove all blank lines Remove all white space from the beginning of all lines of the article body (@code{gnus-article-strip-leading-space}). -@item W E e -@kindex W E e (Summary) -@findex gnus-article-strip-trailing-space -Remove all white space from the end of all lines of the article -body (@code{gnus-article-strip-trailing-space}). - @end table -@xref{Customizing Articles}, for how to wash articles automatically. +@xref{Customizing Articles} for how to wash articles automatically. @node Article Buttons @@ -6877,7 +6626,7 @@ Face used when the mouse cursor is over a button. @end table -@xref{Customizing Articles}, for how to buttonize articles automatically. +@xref{Customizing Articles} for how to buttonize articles automatically. @node Article Date @@ -6924,16 +6673,8 @@ for a list of possible format specs. @findex gnus-start-date-timer @findex gnus-stop-date-timer Say how much time has elapsed between the article was posted and now -(@code{gnus-article-date-lapsed}). It looks something like: - -@example -X-Sent: 29 years, 6 weeks, 4 days, 10 hours, 3 minutes, 28 seconds ago -@end example - -An advantage of using Gnus to read mail is that it converts simple bugs -into wonderful absurdities. - -If you want to have this line updated continually, you can put +(@code{gnus-article-date-lapsed}). If you want to have this line +updated continually, you can put @lisp (gnus-start-date-timer) @@ -6954,7 +6695,7 @@ that the article was posted in 1854. Although something like that is @end table -@xref{Customizing Articles}, for how to display the date in your +@xref{Customizing Articles} for how to display the date in your preferred format automatically. @@ -7020,118 +6761,6 @@ the regular expression @samp{^---*Forwarded article}, then it isn't a signature after all. -@node MIME Commands -@section MIME Commands -@cindex MIME decoding - -@table @kbd -@item M-t -@kindex M-t (Summary) -@findex gnus-summary-display-buttonized -Toggle the buttonized display of the article buffer -(@code{gnus-summary-toggle-display-buttonized}). - -@item W M w -@kindex W M w (Summary) -Decode RFC2047-encoded words in the article headers -(@code{gnus-article-decode-mime-words}). - -@item W M c -@kindex W M c (Summary) -Decode encoded article bodies as well as charsets -(@code{gnus-article-decode-charset}). - -This command looks in the @code{Content-Type} header to determine the -charset. If there is no such header in the article, you can give it a -prefix, which will prompt for the charset to decode as. In regional -groups where people post using some common encoding (but do not include -MIME headers), you can set the @code{charset} group/topic parameter to -the required charset (@pxref{Group Parameters}). - -@item W M v -@kindex W M v (Summary) -View all the @sc{mime} parts in the current article -(@code{gnus-mime-view-all-parts}). - -@end table - -Relevant variables: - -@table @code -@item gnus-ignored-mime-types -@vindex gnus-ignored-mime-types -This is a list of regexps. @sc{mime} types that match a regexp from -this list will be completely ignored by Gnus. The default value is -@code{nil}. - -To have all Vcards be ignored, you'd say something like this: - -@lisp -(setq gnus-ignored-mime-types - '("text/x-vcard")) -@end lisp - -@item gnus-unbuttonized-mime-types -@vindex gnus-unbuttonized-mime-types -This is a list of regexps. @sc{mime} types that match a regexp from -this list won't have @sc{mime} buttons inserted unless they aren't -displayed. The default value is @code{(".*/.*")}. - -@item gnus-article-mime-part-function -@vindex gnus-article-mime-part-function -For each @sc{mime} part, this function will be called with the @sc{mime} -handle as the parameter. The function is meant to be used to allow -users to gather information from the article (e. g., add Vcard info to -the bbdb database) or to do actions based on parts (e. g., automatically -save all jpegs into some directory). - -Here's an example function the does the latter: - -@lisp -(defun my-save-all-jpeg-parts (handle) - (when (equal (car (mm-handle-type handle)) "image/jpeg") - (with-temp-buffer - (insert (mm-get-part handle)) - (write-region (point-min) (point-max) - (read-file-name "Save jpeg to: "))))) -(setq gnus-article-mime-part-function - 'my-save-all-jpeg-parts) -@end lisp - -@vindex gnus-mime-multipart-functions -@item gnus-mime-multipart-functions -Alist of @sc{mime} multipart types and functions to handle them. - -@end table - - -@node Charsets -@section Charsets -@cindex charsets - -People use different charsets, and we have @sc{mime} to let us know what -charsets they use. Or rather, we wish we had. Many people use -newsreaders and mailers that do not understand or use @sc{mime}, and -just send out messages without saying what character sets they use. To -help a bit with this, some local news hierarchies have policies that say -what character set is the default. For instance, the @samp{fj} -hierarchy uses @code{iso-2022-jp-2}. - -@vindex gnus-group-charset-alist -This knowledge is encoded in the @code{gnus-group-charset-alist} -variable, which is an alist of regexps (to match group names) and -default charsets to be used when reading these groups. - -In addition, some people do use soi-disant @sc{mime}-aware agents that -aren't. These blitely mark messages as being in @code{iso-8859-1} even -if they really are in @code{koi-8}. To help here, the -@code{gnus-newsgroup-ignored-charsets} variable can be used. The -charsets that are listed here will be ignored. The variable can be set -on a group-by-group basis using the group parameters (@pxref{Group -Parameters}). The default value is @code{(unknown-8bit)}, which is -something some agents insist on having in there. - - @node Article Commands @section Article Commands @@ -7184,11 +6813,6 @@ Sort by date (@code{gnus-summary-sort-by-date}). @findex gnus-summary-sort-by-lines Sort by lines (@code{gnus-summary-sort-by-lines}). -@item C-c C-s C-c -@kindex C-c C-s C-c (Summary) -@findex gnus-summary-sort-by-chars -Sort by article length (@code{gnus-summary-sort-by-chars}). - @item C-c C-s C-i @kindex C-c C-s C-i (Summary) @findex gnus-summary-sort-by-score @@ -7223,9 +6847,9 @@ summary buffer, point will just move to this article. If given a positive numerical prefix, fetch that many articles back into the ancestry. If given a negative numerical prefix, fetch just that -ancestor. So if you say @kbd{3 ^}, Gnus will fetch the parent, the +ancestor. So if you say @kbd{3 ^}, gnus will fetch the parent, the grandparent and the grandgrandparent of the current article. If you say -@kbd{-3 ^}, Gnus will only fetch the grandgrandparent of the current +@kbd{-3 ^}, gnus will only fetch the grandgrandparent of the current article. @item A R (Summary) @@ -7289,7 +6913,7 @@ consuming.) @code{nnmh} does not support this at all. @section Alternative Approaches Different people like to read news using different methods. This being -Gnus, we offer a small selection of minor modes for the summary buffers. +gnus, we offer a small selection of minor modes for the summary buffers. @menu * Pick and Read:: First mark articles and then read them. @@ -7339,7 +6963,7 @@ at the end of the buffer, start reading the picked articles. Unpick the thread or article (@code{gnus-pick-unmark-article-or-thread}). If the variable @code{gnus-thread-hide-subtree} is true, then this key unpicks the -thread if used at the first article of the thread. Otherwise it unpicks +thread if used at the first article of the thread. Otherwise it unpicks just the article. You can give this key a numerical prefix to unpick the thread or article at that line. @@ -7408,7 +7032,7 @@ command, when you have turned on this mode @cindex trees @vindex gnus-use-trees -If you don't like the normal Gnus summary display, you might try setting +If you don't like the normal gnus summary display, you might try setting @code{gnus-use-trees} to @code{t}. This will create (by default) an additional @dfn{tree buffer}. You can execute all summary mode commands in the tree buffer. @@ -7477,8 +7101,8 @@ nodes to their children. The default is @code{(?- ?\\ ?|)}. @item gnus-tree-minimize-window @vindex gnus-tree-minimize-window -If this variable is non-@code{nil}, Gnus will try to keep the tree -buffer as small as possible to allow more room for the other Gnus +If this variable is non-@code{nil}, gnus will try to keep the tree +buffer as small as possible to allow more room for the other gnus windows. If this variable is a number, the tree buffer will never be higher than that number. The default is @code{t}. Note that if you have several windows displayed side-by-side in a frame and the tree @@ -7624,7 +7248,7 @@ which means that the current group select method will be used instead. Edit the current article (@code{gnus-summary-edit-article}). To finish editing and make the changes permanent, type @kbd{C-c C-c} (@kbd{gnus-summary-edit-article-done}). If you give a prefix to the -@kbd{C-c C-c} command, Gnus won't re-highlight the article. +@kbd{C-c C-c} command, gnus won't re-highlight the article. @item B q @kindex B q (Summary) @@ -7657,7 +7281,7 @@ just not have arrived yet. @vindex gnus-move-split-methods @cindex moving articles -If you move (or copy) articles regularly, you might wish to have Gnus +If you move (or copy) articles regularly, you might wish to have gnus suggest where to put the articles. @code{gnus-move-split-methods} is a variable that uses the same syntax as @code{gnus-split-methods} (@pxref{Saving Articles}). You may customize that variable to create @@ -7700,18 +7324,13 @@ It is called after the summary buffer has been generated. You might use it to, for instance, highlight lines or modify the look of the buffer in some other ungodly manner. I don't care. -@vindex gnus-summary-prepared-hook -@item gnus-summary-prepared-hook -A hook called as the very last thing after the summary buffer has been -generated. - @vindex gnus-summary-ignore-duplicates @item gnus-summary-ignore-duplicates -When Gnus discovers two articles that have the same @code{Message-ID}, +When gnus discovers two articles that have the same @code{Message-ID}, it has to do something drastic. No articles are allowed to have the same @code{Message-ID}, but this may happen when reading mail from some sources. Gnus allows you to customize what happens with this variable. -If it is @code{nil} (which is the default), Gnus will rename the +If it is @code{nil} (which is the default), gnus will rename the @code{Message-ID} (for display purposes only) and display the article as any other article. If this variable is @code{t}, it won't display the article---it'll be as if it never existed. @@ -7752,7 +7371,7 @@ keystrokes (@code{gnus-summary-describe-briefly}). @item H i @kindex H i (Summary) @findex gnus-info-find-node -Go to the Gnus info node (@code{gnus-info-find-node}). +Go to the gnus info node (@code{gnus-info-find-node}). @end table @@ -7855,12 +7474,6 @@ If given a prefix, force an @code{article} window configuration. Edit the group parameters (@pxref{Group Parameters}) of the current group (@code{gnus-summary-edit-parameters}). -@item M-C-g -@kindex M-C-g (Summary) -@findex gnus-summary-customize-parameters -Customize the group parameters (@pxref{Group Parameters}) of the current -group (@code{gnus-summary-customize-parameters}). - @end table @@ -7966,7 +7579,7 @@ group. @vindex gnus-kill-summary-on-exit If you're in the habit of exiting groups, and then changing your mind about it, you might set @code{gnus-kill-summary-on-exit} to @code{nil}. -If you do that, Gnus won't kill the summary buffer when you exit it. +If you do that, gnus won't kill the summary buffer when you exit it. (Quelle surprise!) Instead it will change the name of the buffer to something like @samp{*Dead Summary ... *} and install a minor mode called @code{gnus-dead-summary-mode}. Now, if you switch back to this @@ -8043,11 +7656,10 @@ For an alternative approach, @pxref{Duplicate Suppression}. @node Duplicate Suppression @section Duplicate Suppression -By default, Gnus tries to make sure that you don't have to read the same +By default, gnus tries to make sure that you don't have to read the same article more than once by utilizing the crossposting mechanism (@pxref{Crosspost Handling}). However, that simple and efficient -approach may not work satisfactory for some users for various -reasons. +approach may not work satisfactory for some users for various reasons. @enumerate @item @@ -8094,7 +7706,7 @@ If non-@code{nil}, suppress duplicates. @vindex gnus-save-duplicate-list If non-@code{nil}, save the list of duplicates to a file. This will make startup and shutdown take longer, so the default is @code{nil}. -However, this means that only duplicate articles read in a single Gnus +However, this means that only duplicate articles read in a single gnus session are suppressed. @item gnus-duplicate-list-length @@ -8108,11 +7720,11 @@ The name of the file to store the duplicate suppression list in. The default is @file{~/News/suppression}. @end table -If you have a tendency to stop and start Gnus often, setting +If you have a tendency to stop and start gnus often, setting @code{gnus-save-duplicate-list} to @code{t} is probably a good idea. If -you leave Gnus running for weeks on end, you may have it @code{nil}. On +you leave gnus running for weeks on end, you may have it @code{nil}. On the other hand, saving the list makes startup and shutdown much slower, -so that means that if you stop and start Gnus often, you should set +so that means that if you stop and start gnus often, you should set @code{gnus-save-duplicate-list} to @code{nil}. Uhm. I'll leave this up to you to figure out, I think. @@ -8123,11 +7735,11 @@ to you to figure out, I think. The articles are displayed in the article buffer, of which there is only one. All the summary buffers share the same article buffer unless you -tell Gnus otherwise. +tell gnus otherwise. @menu * Hiding Headers:: Deciding what headers should be displayed. -* Using MIME:: Pushing articles through @sc{mime} before reading them. +* Using MIME:: Pushing to mime articles as @sc{mime} messages. * Customizing Articles:: Tailoring the look of the articles. * Article Keymap:: Keystrokes available in the article buffer. * Misc Article:: Other stuff. @@ -8179,8 +7791,8 @@ variable is set (and @code{gnus-visible-headers} is @code{nil}), it should be a regular expression that matches all lines that you want to hide. All lines that do not match this variable will remain visible. -For instance, if you just want to get rid of the @code{References} line -and the @code{Xref} line, you might say: +For instance, if you just want to get rid of the @code{References} field +and the @code{Xref} field, you might say: @lisp (setq gnus-ignored-headers "^References:\\|^Xref:") @@ -8208,16 +7820,18 @@ and then the subject, you might say something like: @end lisp Any headers that are to remain visible, but are not listed in this -variable, will be displayed in random order after all the headers listed in this variable. +variable, will be displayed in random order after all the headers listed +in this variable. @findex gnus-article-hide-boring-headers +@vindex gnus-article-display-hook @vindex gnus-boring-article-headers -You can hide further boring headers by setting -@code{gnus-treat-hide-boring-header} to @code{head}. What this function -does depends on the @code{gnus-boring-article-headers} variable. It's a -list, but this list doesn't actually contain header names. Instead is -lists various @dfn{boring conditions} that Gnus can check and remove -from sight. +You can hide further boring headers by entering +@code{gnus-article-hide-boring-headers} into +@code{gnus-article-display-hook}. What this function does depends on +the @code{gnus-boring-article-headers} variable. It's a list, but this +list doesn't actually contain header names. Instead is lists various +@dfn{boring conditions} that gnus can check and remove from sight. These conditions are: @table @code @@ -8265,160 +7879,70 @@ while all newsreaders die of fear. of the characters, and it also makes it possible to embed pictures and other naughty stuff in innocent-looking articles. -@vindex gnus-display-mime-function -@findex gnus-display-mime -Gnus pushes @sc{mime} articles through @code{gnus-display-mime-function} -to display the @sc{mime} parts. This is @code{gnus-display-mime} by -default, which creates a bundle of clickable buttons that can be used to -display, save and manipulate the @sc{mime} objects. - -The following commands are available when you have placed point over a -@sc{mime} button: - -@table @kbd -@findex gnus-article-press-button -@item RET (Article) -@itemx BUTTON-2 (Article) -Toggle displaying of the @sc{mime} object -(@code{gnus-article-press-button}). - -@findex gnus-mime-view-part -@item M-RET (Article) -@itemx v (Article) -Prompt for a method, and then view the @sc{mime} object using this -method (@code{gnus-mime-view-part}). - -@findex gnus-mime-save-part -@item o (Article) -Prompt for a file name, and then save the @sc{mime} object -(@code{gnus-mime-save-part}). - -@findex gnus-mime-copy-part -@item c (Article) -Copy the @sc{mime} object to a fresh buffer and display this buffer -(@code{gnus-mime-copy-part}). - -@findex gnus-mime-pipe-part -@item | (Article) -Output the @sc{mime} object to a process (@code{gnus-mime-pipe-part}). -@end table - -Gnus will display some @sc{mime} objects automatically. The way Gnus -determines which parts to do this with is described in the Emacs MIME -manual. - -It might be best to just use the toggling functions from the article -buffer to avoid getting nasty surprises. (For instance, you enter the -group @samp{alt.sing-a-long} and, before you know it, @sc{mime} has -decoded the sound file in the article and some horrible sing-a-long song -comes screaming out your speakers, and you can't find the volume button, -because there isn't one, and people are starting to look at you, and you -try to stop the program, but you can't, and you can't find the program -to control the volume, and everybody else in the room suddenly decides -to look at you disdainfully, and you'll feel rather stupid.) +@vindex gnus-show-mime +@vindex gnus-article-display-method-for-mime +@vindex gnus-strict-mime +@findex gnus-article-display-mime-message +Gnus handles @sc{mime} by pushing the articles through +@code{gnus-article-display-method-for-mime}, which is +@code{gnus-article-display-mime-message} by default. This function +calls the SEMI MIME-View program to actually do the work. For more +information on SEMI MIME-View, see its manual page (however it is not +existed yet, sorry). + +Set @code{gnus-show-mime} to @code{t} if you want to use +@sc{mime} all the time. However, if @code{gnus-strict-mime} is +non-@code{nil}, the @sc{mime} method will only be used if there are +@sc{mime} headers in the article. If you have @code{gnus-show-mime} +set, then you'll see some unfortunate display glitches in the article +buffer. These can't be avoided. + +In GNUS or Gnus, it might be best to just use the toggling functions +from the summary buffer to avoid getting nasty surprises. (For instance, +you enter the group @samp{alt.sing-a-long} and, before you know it, +@sc{mime} has decoded the sound file in the article and some horrible +sing-a-long song comes screaming out your speakers, and you can't find +the volume button, because there isn't one, and people are starting to +look at you, and you try to stop the program, but you can't, and you +can't find the program to control the volume, and everybody else in the +room suddenly decides to look at you disdainfully, and you'll feel +rather stupid.) Any similarity to real events and people is purely coincidental. Ahem. +To avoid such kind of situation, gnus stops to use +@code{metamail-buffer}. So now, you can set @code{gnus-show-mime} to +non-@code{nil} every-time, then you can push button in the article +buffer when there are nobody else. + @node Customizing Articles @section Customizing Articles @cindex article customization -A slew of functions for customizing how the articles are to look like -exist. You can call these functions interactively, or you can have them -called automatically when you select the articles. +@vindex gnus-article-display-hook +The @code{gnus-article-display-hook} is called after the article has +been inserted into the article buffer. It is meant to handle all +treatment of the article before it is displayed. -To have them called automatically, you should set the corresponding -``treatment'' variable. For instance, to have headers hidden, you'd set -@code{gnus-treat-hide-headers}. Below is a list of variables that can -be set, but first we discuss the values these variables can have. - -@enumerate -@item -@code{nil}: Don't do this treatment. - -@item -@code{t}: Do this treatment on all body parts. - -@item -@code{head}: Do the treatment on the headers. - -@item -@code{last}: Do this treatment on the last part. - -@item -An integer: Do this treatment on all body parts that have a length less -than this number. - -@item -A list: - -The list is evaluated recursively. The first element of the list is a -predicate. The following predicates are recognized: @code{or}, -@code{and}, @code{not} and @code{typep}. Here's an example: - -@lisp -(or last - (typep "text/x-vcard")) -@end lisp - -@end enumerate - -You may have noticed that the word @dfn{part} is used here. This refers -to the fact that some messages are @sc{mime} multipart articles that may -be divided into several parts. Articles that are not multiparts are -considered to contain just a single part. - -@vindex gnus-article-treat-types -Are the treatments applied to all sorts of multipart parts? Yes, if you -want to, but by default, only @samp{text/plain} parts are given the -treatment. This is controlled by the @code{gnus-article-treat-types} -variable, which is a list of regular expressions that are matched to the -type of the part. This variable is ignored if the value of the -controlling variable is a predicate list, as described above. - -The following treatment options are available. The easiest way to -customize this is to examine the @code{gnus-article-treat} customization -group. - -@table @code -@item gnus-treat-highlight-signature -@item gnus-treat-buttonize -@item gnus-treat-buttonize-head -@item gnus-treat-emphasize -@item gnus-treat-fill-article -@item gnus-treat-strip-cr -@item gnus-treat-hide-headers -@item gnus-treat-hide-boring-headers -@item gnus-treat-hide-signature -@item gnus-treat-hide-citation -@item gnus-treat-strip-pgp -@item gnus-treat-strip-pem -@item gnus-treat-highlight-headers -@item gnus-treat-highlight-citation -@item gnus-treat-highlight-signature -@item gnus-treat-date-ut -@item gnus-treat-date-local -@item gnus-treat-date-lapsed -@item gnus-treat-date-original -@item gnus-treat-strip-headers-in-body -@item gnus-treat-strip-trailing-blank-lines -@item gnus-treat-strip-leading-blank-lines -@item gnus-treat-strip-multiple-blank-lines -@item gnus-treat-strip-blank-lines -@item gnus-treat-overstrike -@item gnus-treat-display-xface -@item gnus-treat-display-smileys -@item gnus-treat-display-picons -@end table - -@vindex gnus-part-display-hook -You can, of course, write your own functions to be called from -@code{gnus-part-display-hook}. The functions are called narrowed to the -part, and you can do anything you like, pretty much. There is no -information that you have to keep in the buffer---you can change -everything. However, you shouldn't delete any headers. Instead make -them invisible if you want to make them go away. +@findex gnus-article-maybe-highlight +@findex gnus-article-maybe-hide-headers +By default this hook just contains +@code{gnus-article-maybe-hide-headers}, +@code{gnus-hide-boring-headers}, @code{gnus-article-treat-overstrike}, +and @code{gnus-article-maybe-highlight} (and under XEmacs, +@code{gnus-article-display-x-face}), but there are thousands, nay +millions, of functions you can put in this hook. For an overview of +functions @pxref{Article Highlighting}, @pxref{Article Hiding}, +@pxref{Article Washing}, @pxref{Article Buttons} and @pxref{Article +Date}. Note that the order of functions in this hook might affect +things, so you may have to fiddle a bit to get the desired results. + +You can, of course, write your own functions. The functions are called +from the article buffer, and you can do anything you like, pretty much. +There is no information that you have to keep in the buffer---you can +change everything. However, you shouldn't delete any headers. Instead +make them invisible if you want to make them go away. @node Article Keymap @@ -8494,12 +8018,6 @@ If non-@code{nil}, use the same article buffer for all the groups. (This is the default.) If @code{nil}, each group will have its own article buffer. -@vindex gnus-article-decode-hook -@item gnus-article-decode-hook -@cindex MIME -Hook used to decode @sc{mime} articles. The default value is -@code{(article-decode-charset article-decode-encoded-words)} - @vindex gnus-article-prepare-hook @item gnus-article-prepare-hook This hook is called right after the article has been inserted into the @@ -8507,6 +8025,12 @@ article buffer. It is mainly intended for functions that do something depending on the contents; it should probably not be used for changing the contents of the article buffer. +@vindex gnus-article-display-hook +@item gnus-article-display-hook +This hook is called as the last thing when displaying an article, and is +intended for modifying the contents of the buffer, doing highlights, +hiding headers, and the like. + @item gnus-article-mode-hook @vindex gnus-article-mode-hook Hook called in article mode buffers. @@ -8528,8 +8052,6 @@ extension: The @dfn{wash status} of the article. This is a short string with one character for each possible article wash operation that may have been performed. -@item m -The number of @sc{mime} parts in the article. @end table @vindex gnus-break-pages @@ -8563,14 +8085,14 @@ where you can edit the article all you like, before you send the article by pressing @kbd{C-c C-c}. @xref{Top, , Top, message, The Message Manual}. If you are in a foreign news group, and you wish to post the article using the foreign server, you can give a prefix to @kbd{C-c C-c} -to make Gnus try to post using the foreign server. +to make gnus try to post using the foreign server. @menu * Mail:: Mailing and replying. * Post:: Posting and following up. * Posting Server:: What server should you post via? * Mail and Post:: Mailing and posting at the same time. -* Archived Messages:: Where Gnus stores the messages you've sent. +* Archived Messages:: Where gnus stores the messages you've sent. * Posting Styles:: An easier way to specify who you are. * Drafts:: Postponing messages and rejected messages. * Rejected Articles:: What happens if the server doesn't like your article? @@ -8613,7 +8135,7 @@ user whether to re-send the mail. (This is primarily useful when dealing with @sc{soup} packets and the like where one is apt to send the same packet multiple times.) This variable says what the name of this history file is. It is @file{~/News/Sent-Message-IDs} by default. Set -this variable to @code{nil} if you don't want Gnus to keep a history +this variable to @code{nil} if you don't want gnus to keep a history file. @item gnus-sent-message-ids-length @@ -8634,7 +8156,7 @@ Thank you for asking. I hate you. @vindex gnus-post-method -It can be quite complicated. Normally, Gnus will use the same native +It can be quite complicated. Normally, gnus will use the same native server. However. If your native server doesn't allow posting, just reading, you probably want to use some other server to post your (extremely intelligent and fabulously interesting) articles. You can @@ -8650,16 +8172,16 @@ can use a non-zero prefix to the @kbd{C-c C-c} command to force using the ``current'' server for posting. If you give a zero prefix (i.e., @kbd{C-u 0 C-c C-c}) to that command, -Gnus will prompt you for what method to use for posting. +gnus will prompt you for what method to use for posting. You can also set @code{gnus-post-method} to a list of select methods. -If that's the case, Gnus will always prompt you for what method to use +If that's the case, gnus will always prompt you for what method to use for posting. Finally, if you want to always post using the same select method as you're reading from (which might be convenient if you're reading lots of groups from different private servers), you can set this variable to -@code{current}. +@code{current}. @node Mail and Post @@ -8708,7 +8230,7 @@ store the messages. If you want to disable this completely, the is the default. @vindex gnus-message-archive-method -@code{gnus-message-archive-method} says what virtual server Gnus is to +@code{gnus-message-archive-method} says what virtual server gnus is to use to store sent messages. The default is: @lisp @@ -8797,7 +8319,7 @@ Now, when you send a message off, it will be stored in the appropriate group. (If you want to disable storing for just one particular message, you can just remove the @code{Gcc} header that has been inserted.) The archive group will appear in the group buffer the next time you start -Gnus, or the next time you press @kbd{F} in the group buffer. You can +gnus, or the next time you press @kbd{F} in the group buffer. You can enter it and read the articles in it just like you'd read any other group. If the group gets really big and annoying, you can simply rename if (using @kbd{G r} in the group buffer) to something @@ -8929,7 +8451,7 @@ the message you are writing so that you can continue editing it some other day, and send it when you feel its finished. Well, don't worry about it. Whenever you start composing a message of -some sort using the Gnus mail and post commands, the buffer you get will +some sort using the gnus mail and post commands, the buffer you get will automatically associate to an article in a special @dfn{draft} group. If you save the buffer the normal way (@kbd{C-x C-s}, for instance), the article will be saved there. (Auto-save files also go to the draft @@ -8999,10 +8521,10 @@ doesn't like your face. Perhaps it just feels miserable. Perhaps @emph{there be demons}. Perhaps you have included too much cited text. Perhaps the disk is full. Perhaps the server is down. -These situations are, of course, totally beyond the control of Gnus. +These situations are, of course, totally beyond the control of gnus. (Gnus, of course, loves the way you look, always feels great, has angels fluttering around inside of it, doesn't care about how much cited text -you include, never runs full and never goes down.) So Gnus saves these +you include, never runs full and never goes down.) So gnus saves these articles until some later time when the server feels better. The rejected articles will automatically be put in a special draft group @@ -9848,9 +9370,9 @@ course. @menu * Getting Started Reading Mail:: A simple cookbook example. * Splitting Mail:: How to create mail groups. -* Mail Sources:: How to tell Gnus where to get mail from. * Mail Backend Variables:: Variables for customizing mail handling. * Fancy Mail Splitting:: Gnus can do hairy splitting of incoming mail. +* Mail and Procmail:: Reading mail groups that procmail create. * Incorporating Old Mail:: What about the old mail you have? * Expiring Mail:: Getting rid of unwanted mail. * Washing Mail:: Removing gruft from the mail you get. @@ -9925,7 +9447,7 @@ contain @samp{\\1} forms, like the ones used by @code{replace-match} to insert sub-expressions from the matched text. For instance: @lisp -("list.\\1" "From:.* \\(.*\\)-list@@majordomo.com") +("list.\\1" "From:.*\\(.*\\)-list@@majordomo.com") @end lisp The second element can also be a function. In that case, it will be @@ -9975,316 +9497,11 @@ Gnus gives you all the opportunity you could possibly want for shooting yourself in the foot. Let's say you create a group that will contain all the mail you get from your boss. And then you accidentally unsubscribe from the group. Gnus will still put all the mail from your -boss in the unsubscribed group, and so, when your boss mails you ``Have -that report ready by Monday or you're fired!'', you'll never see it and, -come Tuesday, you'll still believe that you're gainfully employed while -you really should be out collecting empty bottles to save up for next -month's rent money. - - -@node Mail Sources -@subsection Mail Sources - -Mail can be gotten from many different sources---the mail spool, from a -POP mail server, or from a procmail directory, for instance. - -@menu -* Mail Source Specifiers:: How to specify what a mail source is. -* Mail Source Customization:: Some variables that influence things. -* Fetching Mail:: Using the mail source specifiers. -@end menu - - -@node Mail Source Specifiers -@subsubsection Mail Source Specifiers -@cindex POP -@cindex mail server -@cindex procmail -@cindex mail spool -@cindex mail source - -You tell Gnus how to fetch mail by creating a @dfn{mail source -specifier}. - -Here's an example: - -@lisp -(pop :server "pop3.mailserver.com" :user "myname") -@end lisp - -As can be observed, a mail source specifier is a list where the first -element is a @dfn{mail source type}, followed by an arbitrary number of -@dfn{keywords}. Keywords that are not explicitly specified are given -default values. - -The following mail source types are available: - -@table @code -@item file -Get mail from a single file; typically from the mail spool. - -Keywords: - -@table @code -@item :path -The path of the file. Defaults to the value of the @code{MAIL} -environment variable or @file{/usr/mail/spool/user-name}. -@end table - -An example file mail source: - -@lisp -(file :path "/usr/spool/mail/user-name") -@end lisp - -Or using the default path: - -@lisp -(file) -@end lisp - -@item directory -Get mail from several files in a directory. This is typically used when -you have procmail split the incoming mail into several files. - -Keywords: - -@table @code -@item :path -The path of the directory where the files are. There is no default -value. - -@item :suffix -Only files ending with this suffix are used. The default is -@samp{.spool}. - -@item :predicate -Only files that have this predicate return non-@code{nil} are returned. -The default is @code{identity}. This is used as an additional -filter---only files that have the right suffix @emph{and} satisfy this -predicate are considered. - -@item :prescript -@itemx :postscript -Script run before/after fetching mail. - -@end table - -An example directory mail source: - -@lisp -(directory :path "/home/user-name/procmail-dir/" - :suffix ".prcml") -@end lisp - -@item pop -Get mail from a POP server. - -Keywords: - -@table @code -@item :server -The name of the POP server. The default is taken from the -@code{MAILHOST} environment variable. - -@item :port -The port number of the POP server. The default is @samp{pop3}. - -@item :user -The user name to give to the POP server. The default is the login -name. - -@item :password -The password to give to the POP server. If not specified, the user is -prompted. - -@item :program -The program to use to fetch mail from the POP server. This is should be -a @code{format}-like string. Here's an example: - -@example -fetchmail %u@@%s -P %p %t -@end example - -The valid format specifier characters are: - -@table @samp -@item t -The name of the file the mail is to be moved to. This must always be -included in this string. - -@item s -The name of the server. - -@item P -The port number of the server. - -@item u -The user name to use. - -@item p -The password to use. -@end table - -The values used for these specs are taken from the values you give the -corresponding keywords. - -@item :prescript -A script to be run before fetching the mail. The syntax is the same as -the @code{:program} keyword. This can also be a function to be run. - -@item :postscript -A script to be run after fetching the mail. The syntax is the same as -the @code{:program} keyword. This can also be a function to be run. - -@item :function -The function to use to fetch mail from the POP server. The function is -called with one parameter---the name of the file where the mail should -be moved to. - -@item :authentication -This can be either the symbol @code{password} or the symbol @code{apop} -and says what authentication scheme to use. The default is -@code{password}. - -@end table - -If the @code{:program} and @code{:function} keywords aren't specified, -@code{pop3-movemail} will be used. - -Here are some examples. Fetch from the default POP server, using the -default user name, and default fetcher: - -@lisp -(pop) -@end lisp - -Fetch from a named server with a named user and password: - -@lisp -(pop :server "my.pop.server" - :user "user-name" :password "secret") -@end lisp - -Use @samp{movemail} to move the mail: - -@lisp -(pop :program "movemail po:%u %t %p") -@end lisp - -@item maildir -Get mail from a maildir. This is a type of mailbox currently only -supported by qmail, where each file in a special directory contains -exactly one mail. - -Keywords: - -@table @code -@item :path -The path of the directory where the mails are stored. The default is -@samp{~/Maildir/new}. - -If you sometimes look at your mail through a pop3 daemon before fetching -them with Gnus, you may also have to fetch your mails from the -@code{cur} directory inside the maildir, like in the following example. - -@end table - -An example maildir mail source: - -@lisp -(maildir :path "/home/user-name/Maildir/cur") -@end lisp - -@end table - - -@node Mail Source Customization -@subsubsection Mail Source Customization - -The following is a list of variables that influence how the mail is -fetched. You would normally not need to set or change any of these -variables. - -@table @code -@item mail-source-movemail-program -@vindex mail-source-movemail-program -A command to be executed to move mail from the inbox. The default is -@samp{movemail}. - -This can also be a function. In that case, the function will be -called with two parameters -- the name of the INBOX file, and the file -to be moved to. - -@item mail-source-movemail-args -@vindex mail-source-movemail-args -Extra arguments to give to the command described above. - -@item mail-source-crash-box -@vindex mail-source-crash-box -File where mail will be stored while processing it. The default is -@file{~/.emacs-mail-crash-box}. - -@item mail-source-delete-incoming -@vindex mail-source-delete-incoming -If non-@code{nil}, delete incoming files after handling them. - -@item mail-source-directory -@vindex mail-source-directory -Directory where files (if any) will be stored. The default is -@file{~/Mail/}. At present, the only thing this is used for is to say -where the incoming files will be stored if the previous variable is -@code{nil}. - -@item mail-source-default-file-modes -@vindex mail-source-default-file-modes -All new mail files will get this file mode. The default is 384. - -@end table - - -@node Fetching Mail -@subsubsection Fetching Mail - -@vindex mail-sources -@vindex nnmail-spool-file -The way to actually tell Gnus where to get new mail from is to set -@code{mail-sources} to a list of mail source specifiers -(@pxref{Mail Source Specifiers}). - -If this variable (and the obsolescent @code{nnmail-spool-file}) is -@code{nil}, the mail backends will never attempt to fetch mail by -themselves. - -If you want to fetch mail both from your local spool as well as a POP -mail server, you'd say something like: - -@lisp -(setq mail-sources - '((file) - (pop :server "pop3.mail.server" - :password "secret"))) -@end lisp - -Or, if you don't want to use any of the keyword defaults: - -@lisp -(setq mail-sources - '((file :path "/var/spool/mail/user-name") - (pop :server "pop3.mail.server" - :user "user-name" - :port "pop3" - :password "secret"))) -@end lisp - - -When you use a mail backend, Gnus will slurp all your mail from your -inbox and plonk it down in your home directory. Gnus doesn't move any -mail if you're not using a mail backend---you have to do a lot of magic -invocations first. At the time when you have finished drawing the -pentagram, lightened the candles, and sacrificed the goat, you really -shouldn't be too surprised when Gnus moves your mail. - +boss in the unsubscribed group, and so, when your boss mails you ``Have +that report ready by Monday or you're fired!'', you'll never see it and, +come Tuesday, you'll still believe that you're gainfully employed while +you really should be out collecting empty bottles to save up for next +month's rent money. @node Mail Backend Variables @@ -10299,18 +9516,71 @@ mail backends. The mail backends all call this hook after reading new mail. You can use this hook to notify any mail watch programs, if you want to. +@vindex nnmail-spool-file +@item nnmail-spool-file +@cindex POP mail +@cindex MAILHOST +@cindex movemail +@vindex nnmail-pop-password +@vindex nnmail-pop-password-required +The backends will look for new mail in this file. If this variable is +@code{nil}, the mail backends will never attempt to fetch mail by +themselves. If you are using a POP mail server and your name is +@samp{larsi}, you should set this variable to @samp{po:larsi}. If +your name is not @samp{larsi}, you should probably modify that +slightly, but you may have guessed that already, you smart & handsome +devil! You can also set this variable to @code{pop}, and Gnus will try +to figure out the POP mail string by itself. In any case, Gnus will +call @code{movemail} which will contact the POP server named in the +@code{MAILHOST} environment variable. If the POP server needs a +password, you can either set @code{nnmail-pop-password-required} to +@code{t} and be prompted for the password, or set +@code{nnmail-pop-password} to the password itself. + +@code{nnmail-spool-file} can also be a list of mailboxes. + +Your Emacs has to have been configured with @samp{--with-pop} before +compilation. This is the default, but some installations have it +switched off. + +When you use a mail backend, Gnus will slurp all your mail from your +inbox and plonk it down in your home directory. Gnus doesn't move any +mail if you're not using a mail backend---you have to do a lot of magic +invocations first. At the time when you have finished drawing the +pentagram, lightened the candles, and sacrificed the goat, you really +shouldn't be too surprised when Gnus moves your mail. + +@vindex nnmail-use-procmail +@vindex nnmail-procmail-suffix +@item nnmail-use-procmail +If non-@code{nil}, the mail backends will look in +@code{nnmail-procmail-directory} for incoming mail. All the files in +that directory that have names ending in @code{nnmail-procmail-suffix} +will be considered incoming mailboxes, and will be searched for new +mail. + +@vindex nnmail-crash-box +@item nnmail-crash-box +When a mail backend reads a spool file, mail is first moved to this +file, which is @file{~/.gnus-crash-box} by default. If this file +already exists, it will always be read (and incorporated) before any +other spool files. + +@vindex nnmail-prepare-incoming-hook +@item nnmail-prepare-incoming-hook +This is run in a buffer that holds all the new incoming mail, and can be +used for, well, anything, really. + @vindex nnmail-split-hook @item nnmail-split-hook -@findex article-decode-encoded-words +@findex article-decode-rfc1522 @findex RFC1522 decoding -@findex RFC2047 decoding Hook run in the buffer where the mail headers of each message is kept just before the splitting based on these headers is done. The hook is free to modify the buffer contents in any way it sees fit---the buffer is discarded after the splitting has been done, and no changes performed -in the buffer will show up in any files. -@code{gnus-article-decode-encoded-words} is one likely function to add -to this hook. +in the buffer will show up in any files. @code{gnus-article-decode-rfc1522} +is one likely function to add to this hook. @vindex nnmail-pre-get-new-mail-hook @vindex nnmail-post-get-new-mail-hook @@ -10331,6 +9601,42 @@ default file modes the new mail files get: (lambda () (set-default-file-modes 551))) @end lisp +@item nnmail-tmp-directory +@vindex nnmail-tmp-directory +This variable says where to move incoming mail to -- while processing +it. This is usually done in the same directory that the mail backend +inhabits (e.g., @file{~/Mail/}), but if this variable is non-@code{nil}, +it will be used instead. + +@item nnmail-movemail-program +@vindex nnmail-movemail-program +This program is executed to move mail from the user's inbox to her home +directory. The default is @samp{movemail}. + +This can also be a function. In that case, the function will be called +with two parameters -- the name of the inbox, and the file to be moved +to. + +@item nnmail-delete-incoming +@vindex nnmail-delete-incoming +@cindex incoming mail files +@cindex deleting incoming files +If non-@code{nil}, the mail backends will delete the temporary incoming +file after splitting mail into the proper groups. This is @code{t} by +default. + +@c This is @code{nil} by +@c default for reasons of security. + +@c Since Red Gnus is an alpha release, it is to be expected to lose mail. +(No Gnus release since (ding) Gnus 0.10 (or something like that) have +lost mail, I think, but that's not the point. (Except certain versions +of Red Gnus.)) By not deleting the Incoming* files, one can be sure not +to lose mail -- if Gnus totally whacks out, one can always recover what +was lost. + +You may delete the @file{Incoming*} files at will. + @item nnmail-use-long-file-names @vindex nnmail-use-long-file-names If non-@code{nil}, the mail backends will use long file and directory @@ -10396,7 +9702,7 @@ the five possible split syntaxes: @item @samp{group}: If the split is a string, that will be taken as a group name. Normal regexp match expansion will be done. See below for -examples. +examples. @item @var{(FIELD VALUE SPLIT)}: If the split is a list, the first element of @@ -10424,11 +9730,6 @@ function with @var{args} given as arguments. The function should return a SPLIT. @item -@var{(! FUNC SPLIT)}: If the split is a list, and the first element -is @code{!}, then SPLIT will be processed, and FUNC will be called as a -function with the result of SPLIT as argument. FUNC should return a split. - -@item @code{nil}: If the split is @code{nil}, it is ignored. @end enumerate @@ -10458,15 +9759,98 @@ substitutions in the group names), you can say things like: (any "debian-\\b\\(\\w+\\)@@lists.debian.org" "mail.debian.\\1") @end example -In this example, messages sent to @samp{debian-foo@@lists.debian.org} -will be filed in @samp{mail.debian.foo}. - If the string contains the element @samp{\&}, then the previously matched string will be substituted. Similarly, the elements @samp{\\1} up to @samp{\\9} will be substituted with the text matched by the groupings 1 through 9. +@node Mail and Procmail +@subsection Mail and Procmail +@cindex procmail + +@cindex slocal +@cindex elm +Many people use @code{procmail} (or some other mail filter program or +external delivery agent---@code{slocal}, @code{elm}, etc) to split +incoming mail into groups. If you do that, you should set +@code{nnmail-spool-file} to @code{procmail} to ensure that the mail +backends never ever try to fetch mail by themselves. + +If you have a combined @code{procmail}/POP/mailbox setup, you can do +something like the following: + +@vindex nnmail-use-procmail +@lisp +(setq nnmail-use-procmail t) +(setq nnmail-spool-file + '("/usr/spool/mail/my-name" "po:my-name")) +@end lisp + +This also means that you probably don't want to set +@code{nnmail-split-methods} either, which has some, perhaps, unexpected +side effects. + +When a mail backend is queried for what groups it carries, it replies +with the contents of that variable, along with any groups it has figured +out that it carries by other means. None of the backends, except +@code{nnmh}, actually go out to the disk and check what groups actually +exist. (It's not trivial to distinguish between what the user thinks is +a basis for a newsgroup and what is just a plain old file or directory.) + +This means that you have to tell Gnus (and the backends) by hand what +groups exist. + +Let's take the @code{nnmh} backend as an example: + +The folders are located in @code{nnmh-directory}, say, @file{~/Mail/}. +There are three folders, @file{foo}, @file{bar} and @file{mail.baz}. + +Go to the group buffer and type @kbd{G m}. When prompted, answer +@samp{foo} for the name and @samp{nnmh} for the method. Repeat +twice for the two other groups, @samp{bar} and @samp{mail.baz}. Be sure +to include all your mail groups. + +That's it. You are now set to read your mail. An active file for this +method will be created automatically. + +@vindex nnmail-procmail-suffix +@vindex nnmail-procmail-directory +If you use @code{nnfolder} or any other backend that store more than a +single article in each file, you should never have procmail add mails to +the file that Gnus sees. Instead, procmail should put all incoming mail +in @code{nnmail-procmail-directory}. To arrive at the file name to put +the incoming mail in, append @code{nnmail-procmail-suffix} to the group +name. The mail backends will read the mail from these files. + +@vindex nnmail-resplit-incoming +When Gnus reads a file called @file{mail.misc.spool}, this mail will be +put in the @code{mail.misc}, as one would expect. However, if you want +Gnus to split the mail the normal way, you could set +@code{nnmail-resplit-incoming} to @code{t}. + +@vindex nnmail-keep-last-article +If you use @code{procmail} to split things directly into an @code{nnmh} +directory (which you shouldn't do), you should set +@code{nnmail-keep-last-article} to non-@code{nil} to prevent Gnus from +ever expiring the final article (i.e., the article with the highest +article number) in a mail newsgroup. This is quite, quite important. + +Here's an example setup: The incoming spools are located in +@file{~/incoming/} and have @samp{""} as suffixes (i.e., the incoming +spool files have the same names as the equivalent groups). The +@code{nnfolder} backend is to be used as the mail interface, and the +@code{nnfolder} directory is @file{~/fMail/}. + +@lisp +(setq nnfolder-directory "~/fMail/") +(setq nnmail-spool-file 'procmail) +(setq nnmail-procmail-directory "~/incoming/") +(setq gnus-secondary-select-methods '((nnfolder ""))) +(setq nnmail-procmail-suffix "") +@end lisp + + @node Incorporating Old Mail @subsection Incorporating Old Mail @@ -10641,11 +10025,6 @@ with! So there! Most people make most of their mail groups total-expirable, though. -@vindex gnus-inhibit-user-auto-expire -If @code{gnus-inhibit-user-auto-expire} is non-@code{nil}, user marking -commands will not mark an article as expirable, even if the group has -auto-expire turned on. - @node Washing Mail @subsection Washing Mail @@ -10674,8 +10053,7 @@ various functions that can be put in these hooks. @item nnmail-prepare-incoming-hook @vindex nnmail-prepare-incoming-hook This hook is called before doing anything with the mail and is meant for -grand, sweeping gestures. It is called in a buffer that contains all -the new, incoming mail. Functions to be used include: +grand, sweeping gestures. Functions to be used include: @table @code @item nnheader-ms-strip-cr @@ -10716,13 +10094,6 @@ For instance, if you want to remove the @samp{(idm)} and the @findex nnmail-remove-tabs Translate all @samp{TAB} characters into @samp{SPACE} characters. -@item nnmail-fix-eudora-headers -@findex nnmail-fix-eudora-headers -@cindex Eudora -Eudora produces broken @code{References} headers, but OK -@code{In-Reply-To} headers. This function will get rid of the -@code{References} headers. - @end table @item nnmail-prepare-incoming-message-hook @@ -10804,9 +10175,8 @@ If you start using any of the mail backends, they have the annoying habit of assuming that you want to read mail with them. This might not be unreasonable, but it might not be what you want. -If you set @code{mail-sources} and @code{nnmail-spool-file} to -@code{nil}, none of the backends will ever attempt to read incoming -mail, which should help. +If you set @code{nnmail-spool-file} to @code{nil}, none of the backends +will ever attempt to read incoming mail, which should help. @vindex nnbabyl-get-new-mail @vindex nnmbox-get-new-mail @@ -10832,11 +10202,6 @@ Gnus will read the mail spool when you activate a mail group. The mail file is first copied to your home directory. What happens after that depends on what format you want to store your mail in. -There are five different mail backends in the standard Gnus, and more -backends are available separately. The mail backend most people use -(because it is the fastest and most flexible) is @code{nnml} -(@pxref{Mail Spool}). - @menu * Unix Mail Box:: Using the (quite) standard Un*x mbox. * Rmail Babyl:: Emacs programs use the rmail babyl format. @@ -11055,22 +10420,14 @@ your @file{.emacs} file: (add-hook 'nnfolder-save-buffer-hook 'turn-off-backup) @end lisp -@item nnfolder-delete-mail-hook -@vindex nnfolder-delete-mail-hook -Hook run in a buffer narrowed to the message that is to be deleted. -This function can be used to copy the message to somewhere else, or to -extract some information from it before removing it. - @end table - @findex nnfolder-generate-active-file @kindex M-x nnfolder-generate-active-file If you have lots of @code{nnfolder}-like files you'd like to read with @code{nnfolder}, you can use the @kbd{M-x nnfolder-generate-active-file} command to make @code{nnfolder} aware of all likely files in -@code{nnfolder-directory}. This only works if you use long file names, -though. +@code{nnfolder-directory}. @node Other Sources @@ -11171,11 +10528,6 @@ in this directory, which defaults to @file{~/.nneething/}. All files that match this regexp will be ignored. Nice to use to exclude auto-save files and the like, which is what it does by default. -@item nneething-include-files -@vindex nneething-include-files -Regexp saying what files to include in the group. If this variable is -non-@code{nil}, only files matching this regexp will be included. - @item nneething-map-file @vindex nneething-map-file Name of the map files. @@ -11219,7 +10571,15 @@ The rnews batch transport format. Forwarded articles. @item mime-parts -MIME multipart messages. +MIME multipart messages, besides digests. + +@item mime-digest +@cindex digest +@cindex MIME digest +@cindex 1153 digest +@cindex RFC 1153 digest +@cindex RFC 341 digest +MIME (RFC 1341) digest format. @item standard-digest The standard (RFC 1153) digest format. @@ -11255,8 +10615,9 @@ Virtual server variables: @vindex nndoc-article-type This should be one of @code{mbox}, @code{babyl}, @code{digest}, @code{news}, @code{rnews}, @code{mmdf}, @code{forward}, @code{rfc934}, -@code{rfc822-forward}, @code{mime-parts}, @code{standard-digest}, -@code{slack-digest}, @code{clari-briefs} or @code{guess}. +@code{rfc822-forward}, @code{mime-parts}, @code{mime-digest}, +@code{standard-digest}, @code{slack-digest}, @code{clari-briefs} or +@code{guess}. @item nndoc-post-type @vindex nndoc-post-type @@ -11710,7 +11071,7 @@ group as read. If the search engine changes its output substantially, @code{nnweb} won't be able to parse it and will fail. One could hardly fault the Web -providers if they were to do this---their @emph{raison d'être} is to +providers if they were to do this---their @emph{raison d',Aj(Btre} is to make money off of advertisements, not to provide services to the community. Since @code{nnweb} washes the ads off all the articles, one might think that the providers might be somewhat miffed. We'll see. @@ -12041,7 +11402,6 @@ Of course, to use it as such, you have to learn a few new commands. * Agent Variables:: Customizing is fun. * Example Setup:: An example @file{.gnus.el} file for offline people. * Batching Agents:: How to fetch news from a @code{cron} job. -* Agent Caveats:: What you think it'll do and what it does. @end menu @@ -12104,7 +11464,7 @@ Agent (@pxref{Server Agent Commands}). This will typically be only the primary select method, which is listed on the bottom in the buffer. @item -Decide on download policy. @xref{Agent Categories}. +Decide on download policy. @xref{Agent Categories} @item Uhm... that's it. @@ -12124,9 +11484,7 @@ you're interested in the articles anyway. The main way to control what is to be downloaded is to create a @dfn{category} and then assign some (or all) groups to this category. -Groups that do not belong in any other category belong to the -@code{default} category. Gnus has its own buffer for creating and -managing categories. +Gnus has its own buffer for creating and managing categories. @menu * Category Syntax:: What a category looks like. @@ -12148,21 +11506,11 @@ are eligible for downloading; and @item a score rule which (generally) gives you a finer granularity when deciding what articles to download. (Note that this @dfn{download -score} is not necessarily related to normal scores.) +score} is wholly unrelated to normal scores.) @end enumerate -A predicate in its simplest form can be a single predicate such as -@code{true} or @code{false}. These two will download every available -article or nothing respectively. In the case of these two special -predicates an additional score rule is superfluous. - -Predicates of @code{high} or @code{low} download articles in respect of -their scores in relationship to @code{gnus-agent-high-score} and -@code{gnus-agent-low-score} as descibed below. - -To gain even finer control of what is to be regarded eligible for -download a predicate can consist of a number of predicates with logical -operators sprinkled in between. +A predicate consists of predicates with logical operators sprinkled in +between. Perhaps some examples are in order. @@ -12230,183 +11578,13 @@ to know: The functions are called with no parameters, but the @code{gnus-headers} and @code{gnus-score} dynamic variables are bound to useful values. -For example, you could decide that you don't want to download articles -that were posted more than a certain number of days ago (e.g. posted -more than @code{gnus-agent-expire-days} ago) you might write a function -something along the lines of the following: - -@lisp -(defun my-article-old-p () - "Say whether an article is old." - (< (time-to-days (date-to-time (mail-header-date gnus-headers))) - (- (time-to-days (current-time)) gnus-agent-expire-days))) -@end lisp - -with the predicate then defined as: - -@lisp -(not my-article-old-p) -@end lisp - -or you could append your predicate to the predefined -@code{gnus-category-predicate-alist} in your @file{~/.gnus.el} or -wherever. (Note: this would have to be at a point *after* -@code{gnus-agent} has been loaded via @code{(gnus-agentize)}) - -@lisp -(defvar gnus-category-predicate-alist - (append gnus-category-predicate-alist - '((old . my-article-old-p)))) -@end lisp - -and simply specify your predicate as: - -@lisp -(not old) -@end lisp - -If/when using something like the above, be aware that there are many -misconfigured systems/mailers out there and so an article's date is not -always a reliable indication of when it was posted. Hell, some people -just don't give a damm. - - -The above predicates apply to *all* the groups which belong to the -category. However, if you wish to have a specific predicate for an -individual group within a category, or you're just too lazy to set up a -new category, you can enter a group's individual predicate in it's group -parameters like so: - -@lisp -(agent-predicate . short) -@end lisp - -This is the group parameter equivalent of the agent category -default. Note that when specifying a single word predicate like this, -the @code{agent-predicate} specification must be in dotted pair -notation. - -The equivalent of the longer example from above would be: - -@lisp -(agent-predicate or high (and (not low) (not long))) -@end lisp - -The outer parenthesis required in the category specification are not -entered here as, not being in dotted pair notation, the value of the -predicate is assumed to be a list. - - Now, the syntax of the download score is the same as the syntax of normal score files, except that all elements that require actually seeing the article itself are verboten. This means that only the -following headers can be scored on: @code{Subject}, @code{From}, -@code{Date}, @code{Message-ID}, @code{References}, @code{Chars}, -@code{Lines}, and @code{Xref}. - -As with predicates, the specification of the @code{download score rule} -to use in respect of a group can be in either the category definition if -it's to be applicable to all groups in therein, or a group's parameters -if it's to be specific to that group. - -In both of these places the @code{download score rule} can take one of -three forms: - -@enumerate -@item -Score rule - -This has the same syntax as a normal gnus score file except only a -subset of scoring keywords are available as mentioned above. - -example: - -@itemize @bullet -@item -Category specification - -@lisp -(("from" - ("Lars Ingebrigtsen" 1000000 nil s)) -("lines" - (500 -100 nil <))) -@end lisp - -@item -Group Parameter specification - -@lisp -(agent-score ("from" - ("Lars Ingebrigtsen" 1000000 nil s)) - ("lines" - (500 -100 nil <))) -@end lisp - -Again, note the omission of the outermost parenthesis here. -@end itemize - -@item -Agent score file - -These score files must *only* contain the permitted scoring keywords -stated above. - -example: - -@itemize @bullet -@item -Category specification - -@lisp -("~/News/agent.SCORE") -@end lisp - -or perhaps - -@lisp -("~/News/agent.SCORE" "~/News/agent.group.SCORE") -@end lisp - -@item -Group Parameter specification - -@lisp -(agent-score "~/News/agent.SCORE") -@end lisp - -Additional score files can be specified as above. Need I say anything -about parenthesis. -@end itemize - -@item -Use @code{normal} score files - -If you dont want to maintain two sets of scoring rules for a group, and -your desired @code{downloading} criteria for a group are the same as your -@code{reading} criteria then you can tell the agent to refer to your -@code{normal} score files when deciding what to download. - -These directives in either the category definition or a group's -parameters will cause the agent to read in all the applicable score -files for a group, *filtering out* those those sections that do not -relate to one of the permitted subset of scoring keywords. - -@itemize @bullet -@item -Category Specification +following headers can be scored on: @code{From}, @code{Subject}, +@code{Date}, @code{Xref}, @code{Lines}, @code{Chars}, @code{Message-ID}, +and @code{References}. -@lisp -file -@end lisp - -@item -Group Parameter specification - -@lisp -(agent-score . file) -@end lisp -@end itemize -@end enumerate @node The Category Buffer @subsubsection The Category Buffer @@ -12558,21 +11736,13 @@ Fetch all eligible articles in all groups @kindex J S (Agent Group) @findex gnus-group-send-drafts Send all sendable messages in the draft group -(@code{gnus-agent-fetch-session}). @xref{Drafts}. +(@code{gnus-agent-send-draft}). @xref{Drafts} @item J a @kindex J a (Agent Group) @findex gnus-agent-add-group Add the current group to an Agent category -(@code{gnus-agent-add-group}). This command understands the -process/prefix convention (@pxref{Process/Prefix}). - -@item J r -@kindex J r (Agent Group) -@findex gnus-agent-remove-group -Remove the current group from its category, if any -(@code{gnus-agent-remove-group}). This command understands the -process/prefix convention (@pxref{Process/Prefix}). +(@code{gnus-agent-add-group}). @end table @@ -12592,7 +11762,7 @@ Mark the article for downloading (@code{gnus-agent-mark-article}). Remove the downloading mark from the article (@code{gnus-agent-unmark-article}). -@item @@ +@item @@ @kindex @@ (Agent Summary) @findex gnus-agent-toggle-mark Toggle whether to download the article (@code{gnus-agent-toggle-mark}). @@ -12630,8 +11800,8 @@ Agent (@code{gnus-agent-remove-server}). @vindex gnus-agent-expire-days @findex gnus-agent-expire @kindex M-x gnus-agent-expire -@cindex Agent expiry -@cindex Gnus Agent expiry +@cindex Agent expire +@cindex Gnus Agent expire @cindex expiry @code{nnagent} doesn't handle expiry. Instead, there's a special @@ -12699,11 +11869,12 @@ setup, you may be able to use something like the following as your @lisp ;;; Define how Gnus is to fetch news. We do this over NNTP ;;; from your ISP's server. -(setq gnus-select-method '(nntp "news.your-isp.com")) +(setq gnus-select-method '(nntp "nntp.your-isp.com")) ;;; Define how Gnus is to read your mail. We read mail from ;;; your ISP's POP server. -(setq mail-sources '((pop :server "pop.your-isp.com"))) +(setenv "MAILHOST" "pop.your-isp.com") +(setq nnmail-spool-file "po:username") ;;; Say how Gnus is to store the mail. We use nnml groups. (setq gnus-secondary-select-methods '((nnml ""))) @@ -12747,29 +11918,6 @@ emacs -batch -l ~/.emacs -f gnus-agent-batch >/dev/null @end example -@node Agent Caveats -@subsection Agent Caveats - -The Gnus Agent doesn't seem to work like most other offline -newsreaders. Here are some common questions that some imaginary people -may ask: - -@table @dfn -@item If I read an article while plugged, do they get entered into the -Agent? - -@strong{No.} - -@item If I read an article while plugged, and the article already exists -in the Agent, will it get downloaded once more? - -@strong{Yes.} - -@end table - -In short, when Gnus is unplugged, it only looks into the locally stored -articles; when it's plugged, it only talks to your ISP. - @node Scoring @chapter Scoring @@ -12936,10 +12084,10 @@ Score on the author name. Score on the subject line. @item x -Score on the @code{Xref} line---i.e., the cross-posting line. +Score on the Xref line---i.e., the cross-posting line. @item r -Score on the @code{References} line. +Score on the References line. @item d Score on the date. @@ -12948,11 +12096,10 @@ Score on the date. Score on the number of lines. @item i -Score on the @code{Message-ID} header. +Score on the Message-ID. @item f -Score on followups---this matches the author name, and adds scores to -the followups to this author. +Score on followups. @item b Score on the body. @@ -13077,7 +12224,7 @@ You can do scoring from the command line by saying something like: @findex gnus-batch-score @cindex batch scoring @example -$ emacs -batch -l ~/.emacs -l ~/.gnus.el -f gnus-batch-score +$ emacs -batch -l ~/.emacs -l gnus -f gnus-batch-score @end example @@ -13129,10 +12276,6 @@ If you have really complicated score files, and do lots of batch scoring, then you might set this variable to @code{t}. This will make Gnus save the scores into the @file{.newsrc.eld} file. -If you do not set this to @code{t}, then manual scores (like those set -with @kbd{V s} (@code{gnus-summary-set-score})) will not be preserved -across group visits. - @item gnus-score-interactive-default-score @vindex gnus-score-interactive-default-score Score used by all the interactive raise/lower commands to raise/lower @@ -13692,12 +12835,6 @@ If @code{gnus-adaptive-word-minimum} is set to a number, the adaptive word scoring process will never bring down the score of an article to below this number. The default is @code{nil}. -@vindex gnus-adaptive-word-no-group-words -If @code{gnus-adaptive-word-no-group-words} is set to @code{t}, gnus -won't adaptively word score any of the words in the group name. Useful -for groups like @samp{comp.editors.emacs}, where most of the subject -lines contain the word @samp{emacs}. - After using this scheme for a while, it might be nice to write a @code{gnus-psychoanalyze-user} command to go through the rules and see what words you like and what words you don't like. Or perhaps not. @@ -14358,7 +13495,7 @@ then this operator will return @code{false}. @item ! @itemx not -@itemx ¬ +@itemx ,A,(B This logical operator only takes a single argument. It returns the logical negation of the value of its argument. @@ -14859,15 +13996,6 @@ and so on. Create as many faces as you wish. The same goes for the @code{mouse-face} specs---you can say @samp{%3(hello%)} to have @samp{hello} mouse-highlighted with @code{gnus-mouse-face-3}. -Text inside the @samp{%<} and @samp{%>} specifiers will get the special -@code{balloon-help} property set to @code{gnus-balloon-face-0}. If you say -@samp{%1<}, you'll get @code{gnus-balloon-face-1} and so on. The -@code{gnus-balloon-face-*} variables should be either strings or -symbols naming functions that return a string. Under @code{balloon-help-mode}, -when the mouse passes over text with this property set, a balloon window -will appear and display the string. Please refer to the doc string of -@code{balloon-help-mode} for more information on this. - Here's an alternative recipe for the group buffer: @lisp @@ -14906,9 +14034,6 @@ If @code{gnus-use-full-window} non-@code{nil}, Gnus will delete all other windows and occupy the entire Emacs screen by itself. It is @code{t} by default. -Setting this variable to @code{nil} kinda works, but there are -glitches. Use at your own peril. - @vindex gnus-buffer-configuration @code{gnus-buffer-configuration} describes how much space each Gnus buffer should be given. Here's an excerpt of this variable: @@ -15078,8 +14203,16 @@ should have a frame parameter alist as the size spec. Reference Manual}. Under XEmacs, a frame property list will be accepted, too---for instance, @code{(height 5 width 15 left -1 top 1)} is such a plist. -The list of all possible keys for @code{gnus-buffer-configuration} can -be found in its default value. + +Here's a list of all possible keys for +@code{gnus-buffer-configuration}: + +@code{group}, @code{summary}, @code{article}, @code{server}, +@code{browse}, @code{message}, @code{pick}, @code{info}, +@code{summary-faq}, @code{edit-group}, @code{edit-server}, +@code{edit-score}, @code{post}, @code{reply}, @code{forward}, +@code{reply-yank}, @code{mail-bounce}, @code{draft}, @code{pipe}, +@code{bug}, @code{compose-bounce}, and @code{score-trace}. Note that the @code{message} key is used for both @code{gnus-group-mail} and @code{gnus-summary-mail-other-window}. If @@ -15095,20 +14228,6 @@ might be used: (group 1.0))))) @end lisp -One common desire for a multiple frame split is to have a separate frame -for composing mail and news while leaving the original frame intact. To -accomplish that, something like the following can be done: - -@lisp -(message (frame 1.0 - (if (not (buffer-live-p gnus-summary-buffer)) - (car (cdr (assoc 'group gnus-buffer-configuration))) - (car (cdr (assoc 'summary gnus-buffer-configuration)))) - (vertical ((user-position . t) (top . 1) (left . 1) - (name . "Message")) - (message 1.0 point)))) -@end lisp - @findex gnus-add-configuration Since the @code{gnus-buffer-configuration} variable is so long and complicated, there's a function you can use to ease changing the config @@ -15133,11 +14252,6 @@ won't change the window configuration. If you always want to force the ``right'' window configuration, you can set @code{gnus-always-force-window-configuration} to non-@code{nil}. -If you're using tree displays (@pxref{Tree Display}), and the tree -window is displayed vertically next to another window, you may also want -to fiddle with @code{gnus-tree-minimize-window} to avoid having the -windows resized. - @node Faces and Fonts @section Faces and Fonts @@ -15425,6 +14539,10 @@ time. Modified by the @var{idle} parameter, of course. seconds. This is 60 by default. If you change that variable, all the timings in the handlers will be affected.) +@vindex gnus-use-demon +To set the whole thing in motion, though, you have to set +@code{gnus-use-demon} to @code{t}. + So, if you want to add a handler, you could put something like this in your @file{.gnus} file: @@ -15776,7 +14894,10 @@ To enable displaying picons, simply put the following line in your @lisp (setq gnus-use-picons t) -(setq gnus-treat-display-picons t) +(add-hook 'gnus-article-display-hook + 'gnus-article-display-picons t) +(add-hook 'gnus-article-display-hook + 'gnus-picons-article-display-x-face) @end lisp and make sure @code{gnus-picons-database} points to the directory @@ -15847,19 +14968,28 @@ Now that you've made those decision, you need to add the following functions to the appropriate hooks so these pictures will get displayed at the right time. +@vindex gnus-article-display-hook @vindex gnus-picons-display-where @table @code @item gnus-article-display-picons @findex gnus-article-display-picons Looks up and displays the picons for the author and the author's domain -in the @code{gnus-picons-display-where} buffer. +in the @code{gnus-picons-display-where} buffer. Should be added to the +@code{gnus-article-display-hook}. @item gnus-picons-article-display-x-face @findex gnus-article-display-picons -Decodes and displays the X-Face header if present. +Decodes and displays the X-Face header if present. This function +should be added to @code{gnus-article-display-hook}. @end table +Note: You must append them to the hook, so make sure to specify 't' +for the append flag of @code{add-hook}: + +@lisp +(add-hook 'gnus-article-display-hook 'gnus-article-display-picons t) +@end lisp @node Picon Useless Configuration @@ -15929,18 +15059,11 @@ Defaults to @code{t}. Ordered list of suffixes on picon file names to try. Defaults to @code{("xpm" "gif" "xbm")} minus those not builtin your XEmacs. -@item gnus-picons-setup-hook -@vindex gnus-picons-setup-hook -Hook run in the picon buffer, if that is displayed. - @item gnus-picons-display-article-move-p @vindex gnus-picons-display-article-move-p Whether to move point to first empty line when displaying picons. This has only an effect if `gnus-picons-display-where' has value `article'. -If @code{nil}, display the picons in the @code{From} and -@code{Newsgroups} lines. This is the defailt. - @item gnus-picons-clear-cache-on-shutdown @vindex gnus-picons-clear-cache-on-shutdown Whether to clear the picons cache when exiting gnus. Gnus caches every @@ -15976,7 +15099,7 @@ In short---to use Smiley in Gnus, put the following in your @file{.gnus.el} file: @lisp -(setq gnus-treat-display-smiley t) +(add-hook 'gnus-article-display-hook 'gnus-smiley-display t) @end lisp Smiley maps text smiley faces---@samp{:-)}, @samp{:-=}, @samp{:-(} and @@ -16227,7 +15350,7 @@ Most Gnus storage path variables will be initialized from this variable, which defaults to the @samp{SAVEDIR} environment variable, or @file{~/News/} if that variable isn't set. -Note that Gnus is mostly loaded when the @file{.gnus.el} file is read. +Note that gnus is mostly loaded when the @file{.gnus.el} file is read. This means that other directory variables that are initialized from this variable won't be set properly if you set this variable in @file{.gnus.el}. Set this variable in @file{.emacs} instead. @@ -16345,7 +15468,7 @@ but at the common table.@* * Terminology:: We use really difficult, like, words here. * Customization:: Tailoring Gnus to your needs. * Troubleshooting:: What you might try if things do not work. -* Gnus Reference Guide:: Rilly, rilly technical stuff. +* A Programmers Guide to Gnus:: Rilly, rilly technical stuff. * Emacs for Heathens:: A short introduction to Emacsian terms. * Frequently Asked Questions:: A question-and-answer session. @end menu @@ -16401,7 +15524,6 @@ to that instead. * Compatibility:: Just how compatible is Gnus with @sc{gnus}? * Conformity:: Gnus tries to conform to all standards. * Emacsen:: Gnus can be run on a few modern Emacsen. -* Gnus Development:: How Gnus is developed. * Contributors:: Oodles of people. * New Features:: Pointers to some of the new stuff in Gnus. * Newest Features:: Features so new that they haven't been written yet. @@ -16531,22 +15653,18 @@ We do have some breaches to this one. @table @emph +@item MIME +Gnus does no MIME handling, and this standard-to-be seems to think that +MIME is the bees' knees, so we have major breakage here. + @item X-Newsreader -@itemx User-Agent -These are considered to be ``vanity headers'', while I consider them -to be consumer information. After seeing so many badly formatted -articles coming from @code{tin} and @code{Netscape} I know not to use -either of those for posting articles. I would not have known that if -it wasn't for the @code{X-Newsreader} header. +This is considered to be a ``vanity header'', while I consider it to be +consumer information. After seeing so many badly formatted articles +coming from @code{tin} and @code{Netscape} I know not to use either of +those for posting articles. I would not have known that if it wasn't +for the @code{X-Newsreader} header. @end table -@item USEFOR -@cindex USEFOR -USEFOR is an IETF working group writing a successor to RFC 1036, based -on Son-of-RFC 1036. They have produced a number of drafts proposing -various changes to the format of news articles. The Gnus towers will -look into implementing the changes when the draft is accepted as an RFC. - @end table If you ever notice Gnus acting non-compliant with regards to the texts @@ -16566,16 +15684,18 @@ Gnus should work on : @itemize @bullet @item -Emacs 20.3 and up. +Emacs 19.32 and up. + +@item +XEmacs 19.14 and up. @item -XEmacs 20.4 and up. +Mule versions based on Emacs 19.32 and up. @end itemize -This Gnus version will absolutely not work on any Emacsen older than -that. Not reliably, at least. Older versions of Gnus may work on older -Emacs versions. +Gnus will absolutely not work on any Emacsen older than that. Not +reliably, at least. There are some vague differences between Gnus on the various platforms---XEmacs features more graphics (a logo and a toolbar)---but @@ -16583,44 +15703,6 @@ other than that, things should look pretty much the same under all Emacsen. -@node Gnus Development -@subsection Gnus Development - -Gnus is developed in a two-phased cycle. The first phase involves much -discussion on the @samp{ding@@gnus.org} mailing list, where people -propose changes and new features, post patches and new backends. This -phase is called the @dfn{alpha} phase, since the Gnusae released in this -phase are @dfn{alpha releases}, or (perhaps more commonly in other -circles) @dfn{snapshots}. During this phase, Gnus is assumed to be -unstable and should not be used by casual users. Gnus alpha releases -have names like ``Red Gnus'' and ``Quassia Gnus''. - -After futzing around for 50-100 alpha releases, Gnus is declared -@dfn{frozen}, and only bug fixes are applied. Gnus loses the prefix, -and is called things like ``Gnus 5.6.32'' instead. Normal people are -supposed to be able to use these, and these are mostly discussed on the -@samp{gnu.emacs.gnus} newsgroup. - -@cindex Incoming* -@vindex nnmail-delete-incoming -Some variable defaults differ between alpha Gnusae and released Gnusae. -In particular, @code{nnmail-delete-incoming} defaults to @code{nil} in -alpha Gnusae and @code{t} in released Gnusae. This is to prevent -lossage of mail if an alpha release hiccups while handling the mail. - -The division of discussion between the ding mailing list and the Gnus -newsgroup is not purely based on publicity concerns. It's true that -having people write about the horrible things that an alpha Gnus release -can do (sometimes) in a public forum may scare people off, but more -importantly, talking about new experimental features that have been -introduced may confuse casual users. New features are frequently -introduced, fiddled with, and judged to be found wanting, and then -either discarded or totally rewritten. People reading the mailing list -usually keep up with these rapid changes, whille people on the newsgroup -can't be assumed to do so. - - - @node Contributors @subsection Contributors @cindex contributors @@ -16655,10 +15737,6 @@ Luis Fernandes---design and graphics. Erik Naggum---help, ideas, support, code and stuff. @item -Shenghuo Zhu---uudecode.el, mm-uu.el, rfc1843.el and many other things -connected with @sc{mime} and other types of en/decoding. - -@item Wes Hardaker---@file{gnus-picon.el} and the manual section on @dfn{picons} (@pxref{Picons}). @@ -16708,7 +15786,7 @@ David Moore---rewrite of @file{nnvirtual.el} and many other things. Kevin Davidson---came up with the name @dfn{ding}, so blame him. @item -François Pinard---many, many interesting and thorough bug reports, as +Fran,Ag(Bois Pinard---many, many interesting and thorough bug reports, as well as autoconf support. @end itemize @@ -16721,7 +15799,7 @@ The following people have contributed many patches and suggestions: Christopher Davis, Andrew Eskilsson, Kai Grossjohann, -David Kågedal, +David K,Ae(Bgedal, Richard Pieri, Fabrice Popineau, Daniel Quinlan, @@ -16738,7 +15816,6 @@ Russ Allbery, Peter Arius, Matt Armstrong, Marc Auslander, -Miles Bader, Frank Bennett, Robert Bihlmeyer, Chris Bone, @@ -16769,14 +15846,12 @@ Joev Dubach, Michael Welsh Duggan, Dave Edmondson, Paul Eggert, -Karl Eichwalder, Enami Tsugutomo, @c Enami Michael Ernst, Luc Van Eycken, Sam Falkner, Nelson Jose dos Santos Ferreira, Sigbjorn Finne, -Paul Fisher, Decklin Foster, Gary D. Foster, Paul Franklin, @@ -16784,7 +15859,6 @@ Guy Geens, Arne Georg Gleditsch, David S. Goldberg, Michelangelo Grigni, -Dale Hagglund, D. Hall, Magnus Hammerin, Kenichi Handa, @c Handa @@ -16796,7 +15870,7 @@ Marc Horowitz, Gunnar Horrigmo, Richard Hoskins, Brad Howes, -François Felix Ingrand, +Fran,Ag(Bois Felix Ingrand, Ishikawa Ichiro, @c Ishikawa Lee Iverson, Iwamuro Motonori, @c Iwamuro @@ -16815,7 +15889,6 @@ Thor Kristoffersen, Jens Lautenbacher, Martin Larose, Seokchan Lee, @c Lee -Joerg Lenneis, Carsten Leonhardt, James LewisMoss, Christian Limpach, @@ -16847,7 +15920,6 @@ Stephen Peters, Jens-Ulrik Holger Petersen, Ulrich Pfeifer, Matt Pharr, -Andy Piper, John McClary Prevost, Bill Pringlemeir, Mike Pullen, @@ -16860,12 +15932,10 @@ Renaud Rioboo, Roland B. Roberts, Bart Robinson, Christian von Roques, -Markus Rost, Jason Rumney, Wolfgang Rupprecht, Jay Sachs, Dewey M. Sasser, -Conrad Sauerwald, Loren Schall, Dan Schmidt, Ralph Schleicher, @@ -16883,7 +15953,6 @@ Darren Stalder, Richard Stallman, Greg Stark, Sam Steingold, -Jonas Steverud, Paul Stodghill, Kurt Swanson, Samuel Tardieu, @@ -16901,11 +15970,9 @@ Pete Ware, Barry A. Warsaw, Christoph Wedler, Joe Wells, -Lee Willis, -Katsumi Yamaoka @c Yamaoka +Katsumi Yamaoka, @c Yamaoka and -Lloyd Zusman. - +Shenghuo Zhu. @c Zhu For a full overview of what each person has done, the ChangeLogs included in the Gnus alpha distributions should give ample reading @@ -17180,6 +16247,11 @@ All functions for hiding article elements are now toggles. @item Article headers can be buttonized (@pxref{Article Washing}). +@lisp +(add-hook 'gnus-article-display-hook + 'gnus-article-add-buttons-to-head) +@end lisp + @item All mail backends support fetching articles by @code{Message-ID}. @@ -17277,6 +16349,11 @@ cited text to hide is now customizable (@pxref{Article Hiding}). @item Boring headers can be hidden (@pxref{Article Hiding}). +@lisp +(add-hook 'gnus-article-display-hook + 'gnus-article-hide-boring-headers t) +@end lisp + @item Default scoring values can now be set from the menu bar. @@ -17441,6 +16518,11 @@ mail before saving the mail (@pxref{Washing Mail}). @item Emphasized text can be properly fontisized: +@lisp +(add-hook 'gnus-article-display-hook + 'gnus-article-emphasize) +@end lisp + @end itemize @@ -17592,6 +16674,12 @@ interesting.) @itemize @bullet @item +Native @sc{mime} support is something that should be done. + +@item +Really do unbinhexing. + +@item I would like the zombie-page to contain an URL to the source of the latest version of gnus or some explanation on where to find it. @@ -17701,6 +16789,8 @@ Perhaps. @item warn user about `=' redirection of a group in the active file? @item + really unbinhex binhex files. +@item take over the XEmacs menubar and offer a toggle between the XEmacs bar and the Gnus bar. @item @@ -18159,7 +17249,7 @@ mail-copies-to: never. new group parameter -- `post-to-server' that says to post using the current server. Also a variable to do the same. @item - the slave dribble files should auto-save to the slave file names. + the slave dribble files should autosave to the slave file names. @item a group parameter that says what articles to display on group entry, based on article marks. @@ -18205,8 +17295,8 @@ From: Jason L Tibbitts III @end example @item - tanken var at når du bruker `gnus-startup-file' som prefix (FOO) til å lete -opp en fil FOO-SERVER, FOO-SERVER.el, FOO-SERVER.eld, kan du la den være en + tanken var at n,Ae(Br du bruker `gnus-startup-file' som prefix (FOO) til ilete +opp en fil FOO-SERVER, FOO-SERVER.el, FOO-SERVER.eld, kan du la den v,Af(Bre en liste hvor du bruker hvert element i listen som FOO, istedet. da kunne man hatt forskjellige serveres startup-filer forskjellige steder. @@ -18279,8 +17369,8 @@ there was a sci.somethingelse group or section, then it should prompt for sci? first the sci.something? then sci.somethingelse?... @item -Ja, det burde være en måte å si slikt. Kanskje en ny variabel? -`gnus-use-few-score-files'? Så kunne score-regler legges til den +Ja, det burde v,Af(Bre en m,Ae(Bte ,Ae(B si slikt. Kanskje en ny variabel? +`gnus-use-few-score-files'? S,Ae(B kunne score-regler legges til den "mest" lokale score-fila. F. eks. ville no-gruppene betjenes av "no.all.SCORE", osv. @@ -18610,7 +17700,7 @@ the current process mark set onto the stack. @item gnus-article-hide-pgp -Selv ville jeg nok ha valgt å slette den dersom teksten matcher +Selv ville jeg nok ha valgt islette den dersom teksten matcher @example "\\(This\s+\\)?[^ ]+ has been automatically signed by" @end example @@ -18633,7 +17723,7 @@ home-brewed stuff for better reliability. add a way to select which NoCeM type to apply -- spam, troll, etc. @item - nndraft-request-group should tally auto-save files. + nndraft-request-group should tally autosave files. @item implement nntp-retry-on-break and nntp-command-timeout. @@ -18735,7 +17825,7 @@ file, for instance. @item With dummy roots, `^' and then selecing the first article -in any other dummy thread will make Gnus highlight the +in any other dummy thread will make gnus highlight the dummy root instead of the first article. @item @@ -18759,7 +17849,7 @@ Implement gnus-batch-brew-soup. @item Group parameters and summary commands for un/subscribing to mailing -lists. +lists. @item Introduce nnmail-home-directory. @@ -18769,52 +17859,6 @@ gnus-fetch-group and friends should exit Gnus when the user exits the group. @item -The jingle is only played on the second invocation of Gnus. - -@item -Bouncing articles should do MIME. - -@item -Crossposted articles should "inherit" the % or @ mark from the other -groups it has been crossposted to, or something. (Agent.) - -@item -`S D r' should allow expansion of aliases. - -@item -If point is on a group that appears multiple times in topics, and -you press `l', point will move to the first instance of the group. - -@item -Fetch by Message-ID from dejanews. - - - -@item -A spec for the group line format to display the number of -agent-downloaded articles in the group. - -@item -Some nntp servers never respond when posting, so there should be a -timeout for all commands. - -@item -When stading on a topic line and `t'-ing, point goes to the last line. -It should go somewhere else. - -@item -I'm having trouble accessing a newsgroup with a "+" in its name with -Gnus. There is a new newsgroup on msnews.microsoft.com named -"microsoft.public.multimedia.directx.html+time" that I'm trying to -access as -"nntp+msnews.microsoft.com:microsoft.public.multimedia.directx.html+time" -but it gives an error that it cant access the group. - -Is the "+" character illegal in newsgroup names? Is there any way in -Gnus to work around this? (gnus 5.6.45 - XEmacs 20.4) - - -@item Solve the halting problem. @c TODO @@ -19136,11 +18180,13 @@ minimum. You can, in fact, make do without them altogether---most of the useful data is in the summary buffer, anyway. Set this variable to @samp{^NEVVVVER} or @samp{From:}, or whatever you feel you need. +@item gnus-article-display-hook Set this hook to all the available hiding commands: @lisp -(setq gnus-treat-hide-headers 'head - gnus-treat-hide-signature t - gnus-treat-hide-citation t) +(setq gnus-article-display-hook + '(gnus-article-hide-headers + gnus-article-hide-signature + gnus-article-hide-citation)) @end lisp @item gnus-use-full-window @@ -19174,12 +18220,6 @@ only save @file{.newsrc.eld}. This means that you will not be able to use any other newsreaders than Gnus. This variable is @code{t} by default. -@item gnus-read-newsrc-file -If this is @code{nil}, Gnus will never read @file{.newsrc}---it will -only read @file{.newsrc.eld}. This means that you will not be able to -use any other newsreaders than Gnus. This variable is @code{t} by -default. - @item gnus-save-killed-list If this is @code{nil}, Gnus will not save the list of dead groups. You should also set @code{gnus-check-new-newsgroups} to @code{ask-server} @@ -19203,6 +18243,9 @@ Set @code{gnus-show-threads}, @code{gnus-use-cross-reference} and @code{gnus-nov-is-evil} to @code{nil} to make entering and exiting the summary buffer faster. +Set @code{gnus-article-display-hook} to @code{nil} to make article +processing a bit faster. + @page @node Troubleshooting @@ -19282,8 +18325,8 @@ Write to @samp{ding-request@@gnus.org} to subscribe. @page -@node Gnus Reference Guide -@section Gnus Reference Guide +@node A Programmers Guide to Gnus +@section A Programmer@'s Guide to Gnus It is my hope that other people will figure out smart stuff that Gnus can do, and that other people will write those smart things as well. To @@ -19421,7 +18464,7 @@ Takes two parameters, @var{function} and @var{group}. If the backend @lisp (gnus-check-backend-function "request-scan" "nnml:misc") -@result{} t +=> t @end lisp @item gnus-read-method @@ -19763,48 +18806,6 @@ and @var{article} may be @code{nil}. There should be no result data from this function. -@item (nnchoke-request-set-mark GROUP ACTION &optional SERVER) - -Set/remove/add marks on articles. Normally Gnus handles the article -marks (such as read, ticked, expired etc) internally, and store them in -@code{~/.newsrc.eld}. Some backends (such as IMAP) however carry all -information about the articles on the server, so Gnus need to propagate -the mark information to the server. - -ACTION is a list of mark setting requests, having this format: - -@example -(RANGE ACTION MARK) -@end example - -Range is a range of articles you wish to update marks on. Action is -@code{set}, @code{add} or @code{del}, respectively used for removing all -existing marks and setting them as specified, adding (preserving the -marks not mentioned) mark and removing (preserving the marks not -mentioned) marks. Mark is a list of marks; where each mark is a -symbol. Currently used marks are @code{read}, @code{tick}, @code{reply}, -@code{expire}, @code{killed}, @code{dormant}, @code{save}, -@code{download} and @code{unsend}, but your backend should, if possible, -not limit itself to theese. - -Given contradictory actions, the last action in the list should be the -effective one. That is, if your action contains a request to add the -@code{tick} mark on article 1 and, later in the list, a request to -remove the mark on the same article, the mark should in fact be removed. - -An example action list: - -@example -(((5 12 30) 'del '(tick)) - ((10 . 90) 'add '(read expire)) - ((92 94) 'del '(read))) -@end example - -The function should return a range of articles it wasn't able to set the -mark on (currently not used for anything). - -There should be no result data from this function. - @item (nnchoke-request-update-mark GROUP ARTICLE MARK) If the user tries to set a mark that the backend doesn't like, this @@ -20331,12 +19332,12 @@ basically, with each header (ouch) having one slot. These slots are, in order: @code{number}, @code{subject}, @code{from}, @code{date}, @code{id}, @code{references}, @code{chars}, @code{lines}, -@code{xref}, and @code{extra}. There are macros for accessing and -setting these slots---they all have predictable names beginning with +@code{xref}. There are macros for accessing and setting these +slots---they all have predictable names beginning with @code{mail-header-} and @code{mail-header-set-}, respectively. -All these slots contain strings, except the @code{extra} slot, which -contains an alist of header/value pairs (@pxref{To From Newsgroups}). +The @code{xref} slot is really a @code{misc} slot. Any extra info will +be put in there. @node Ranges @@ -20430,7 +19431,7 @@ Here are two example group infos; one is a very simple group while the second is a more complex one: @example -("no.group" 5 ((1 . 54324))) +("no.group" 5 (1 . 54324)) ("nnml:my.mail" 3 ((1 . 5) 9 (20 . 55)) ((tick (15 . 19)) (replied 3 6 (19 . 3))) @@ -20839,3 +19840,4 @@ former). The manual is unambiguous, but it can be confusing. @end iftex @c End: +