+2003-04-21 Reiner Steib <Reiner.Steib@gmx.de>
+ From Frank Schmitt <ich@frank-schmitt.net>
+
+ * etc/gnus-tut.txt: Update Gnus FAQ, delete trailing whitespace.
+
2003-04-17 Katsumi Yamaoka <yamaoka@jpl.org>
* Makefile.in (xclever-package, xlick-package): New rules.
This is the text version of the Gnus FAQ, see http://my.gnus.org for
the up to date version of this document, there you can also find a
-html version and various other formats.
-
-Frequently Asked Questions
+html version and various other formats. There's also a texinfo version
+of the FAQ distributed with Gnus.
Table of Contents
Frequently Asked Questions with Answers
1. Installation FAQ
-
+
1.1. What is the latest version of Gnus?
- 1.2. Where and how to get Gnus?
- 1.3. What to do with the tarball now?
- 1.4. Which version of Emacs do I need?
- 1.5. How do I run Gnus on both Emacs and XEmacs?
-
+ 1.2. What's new in 5.10.0?
+ 1.3. Where and how to get Gnus?
+ 1.4. What to do with the tarball now?
+ 1.5. Which version of Emacs do I need?
+ 1.6. How do I run Gnus on both Emacs and XEmacs?
+
2. Startup / Group buffer
-
+
2.1. Every time I start Gnus I get a message "Gnus auto-save
file exists. Do you want to read it?", what does this mean
and how to prevent it?
through them?
2.5. How to manually sort the groups in Group buffer? How to
sort the groups in a topic?
-
+
3. Getting Messages
-
+
3.1. I just installed Gnus, started it via M-x gnus but it only
says "nntp (news) open error", what to do?
3.2. I'm working under Windows and have no idea what ~/.gnus
can I use Gnus to read my mail from it?
3.11. Can I tell Gnus not to delete the mails on the server it
retrieves via POP3?
-
+
4. Reading messages
-
+
4.1. When I enter a group, all read messages are gone. How to
view them again?
4.2. How to tell Gnus to show an important message every time I
4.14. I don't like the way the Summary buffer looks, how to
tweak it?
4.15. How to split incoming mails in several groups?
-
+
5. Composing messages
-
+
5.1. What are the basic commands I need to know for sending
mail and postings?
5.2. How to enable automatic word-wrap when composing messages?
news, how to do it?
5.12. People tell me my Message-IDs are not correct, why aren't
they and how to fix it?
-
+
6. Old messages
-
+
6.1. How to import my old mail into Gnus?
6.2. How to archive interesting messages?
6.3. How to search for a specific message?
some groups). How to do it?
6.6. I don't want expiration to delete my mails but to move
them to another group.
-
-7. Getting help
-
- 7.1. How to find information and help inside Emacs?
- 7.2. I can't find anything in the Gnus manual about X (e.g.
+
+7. Gnus in a dial-up environment
+
+ 7.1. I don't have a permanent connection to the net, how can I
+ minimize the time I've got to be connected?
+ 7.2. So what was this thing about the Agent?
+ 7.3. I want to store article bodies on disk, too. How to do it?
+ 7.4. How to tell Gnus not to try to send mails / postings while
+ I'm offline?
+
+8. Getting help
+
+ 8.1. How to find information and help inside Emacs?
+ 8.2. I can't find anything in the Gnus manual about X (e.g.
attachments, PGP, MIME...), is it not documented?
- 7.3. Which websites should I know?
- 7.4. Which mailing lists and newsgroups are there?
- 7.5. Where to report bugs?
- 7.6. I need real-time help, where to find it?
-
-8. Tuning Gnus
-
- 8.1. Starting Gnus is really slow, how to speed it up?
- 8.2. How to speed up the process of entering a group?
- 8.3. Sending mail becomes slower and slower, what's up?
-
-1. Installation FAQ
-
-1.1. What is the latest version of Gnus?
-
- As of this posting, the latest Gnus version is 5.8.8(which is
- basically the same as Gnus 5.9 which is shipped with GNU Emacs).
- This version is very stable and should be the choice for all
- beginners. However 5.8.8 is quite old, so many people today use the
- BETA version from CVS called Oort Gnus, which contains a huge
- amount of new features. If you want to do this too, be aware that
- it's beta and might have bugs and at worst case might eat your
- mail.
-
-1.2. Where and how to get Gnus?
-
- The latest released version of Gnus is included in Emacs 21 and
- available through the package system of XEmacs 21.4, so the easiest
- way is getting one of those. If you don't want or can't do this,
- get the Gnus tarball from http://www.gnus.org/dist/gnus.tar.gz
- [http://www.gnus.org/dist/gnus.tar.gz] or via anonymous FTP from
- ftp://ftp.gnus.org/pub/gnus/gnus.tar.gz [ftp://ftp.gnus.org/pub/
- gnus/gnus.tar.gz].
-
-1.3. What to do with the tarball now?
-
- Untar it via tar xvzf gnus.tar.gz and do the common ./configure;
- make; make install circle. (under MS-Windows either get the Cygwin
- environment from http://www.cygwin.com [http://www.cygwin.com]
- which allows you to do what's described above or unpack the tarball
- with some packer (e.g. Winace from http://www.winace.com [http://
- www.winace.com]) and use the batch-file make.bat included in the
- tarball to install Gnus. If you don't want to (or aren't allowed
- to) install Gnus system-wide, you can install it in your home
- directory and add the following lines to your ~/.xemacs/init.el or
- ~/.emacs:
-
- (add-to-list 'load-path "/path/to/gnus/lisp")
- (if (featurep 'xemacs)
- (add-to-list 'Info-directory-list "/path/to/gnus/texi/")
- (add-to-list 'Info-default-directory-list "/path/to/gnus/texi/"))
-
-
- Make sure that you don't have any gnus related stuff before this
- line, on MS Windows use something like "C:/path/to/lisp" (yes, "/
- ").
-
-1.4. Which version of Emacs do I need?
-
- Gnus 5.8.8 requires an emacs version that is greater than or equal
- to Emacs 20.3 or XEmacs 20.1.
-
-1.5. How do I run Gnus on both Emacs and XEmacs?
-
- You can't use the same copy of Gnus in both as the Lisp files are
- byte-compiled to a format which is different depending on which
- Emacs did the compilation. Get one copy of Gnus for Emacs and one
- for XEmacs.
-
-2. Startup / Group buffer
-
-2.1. Every time I start Gnus I get a message "Gnus auto-save file
- exists. Do you want to read it?", what does this mean and how to
- prevent it?
-
- This message means that the last time you used Gnus, it wasn't
- properly exited and therefor couldn't write its informations to
- disk (e.g. which messages you read), you are now asked if you want
- to restore those informations from the auto-save file.
-
- To prevent this message make sure you exit Gnus via q in group
- buffer instead of just killing Emacs.
-
-2.2. Gnus doesn't remember which groups I'm subscribed to, what's this?
-
- You get the message described in the q/a pair above while starting
- Gnus, right? It's an other symptom for the same problem, so read
- the answer above.
-
-2.3. How to change the format of the lines in Group buffer?
-
- You've got to tweak the value of the variable
- gnus-group-line-format. See the manual node "Group Line
- Specification" for information on how to do this. An example for
- this (guess from whose .gnus :-)):
-
- (setq gnus-group-line-format "%P%M%S[%5t]%5y : %(%g%)\n")
-
-
-2.4. My group buffer becomes a bit crowded, is there a way to sort my
- groups into categories so I can easier browse through them?
-
- Gnus offers the topic mode, it allows you to sort your groups in,
- well, topics, e.g. all groups dealing with Linux under the topic
- linux, all dealing with music under the topic music and all dealing
- with scottish music under the topic scottish which is a subtopic of
- music.
-
- To enter topic mode, just hit t while in Group buffer. Now you can
- use T n to create a topic at point and T m to move a group to a
- specific topic. For more commands see the manual or the menu. You
- might want to include the %P specifier at the beginning of your
- gnus-group-line-format variable to have the groups nicely indented.
-
-2.5. How to manually sort the groups in Group buffer? How to sort the
- groups in a topic?
-
- Move point over the group you want to move and hit C-k, now move
- point to the place where you want the group to be and hit C-y.
-
-3. Getting Messages
-
-3.1. I just installed Gnus, started it via M-x gnus but it only says
- "nntp (news) open error", what to do?
-
- You've got to tell Gnus where to fetch the news from. Read the
- documentation for information on how to do this. As a first start,
- put those lines in ~/.gnus:
-
- (setq gnus-select-method '(nntp "news.yourprovider.net"))
- (setq user-mail-address "you@yourprovider.net")
- (setq user-full-name "Your Name")
-
-
-3.2. I'm working under Windows and have no idea what ~/.gnus means.
-
- The ~/ means the home directory where Gnus and Emacs look for the
- configuration files. However, you don't really need to know what
- this means, it suffices that Emacs knows what it means :-) You can
- type C-x C-f ~/.gnus RET (yes, with the forward slash, even on
- Windows), and Emacs will open the right file for you. (It will most
- likely be new, and thus empty.) However, I'd discourage you from
- doing so, since the directory Emacs chooses will most certainly not
- be what you want, so let's do it the correct way. The first thing
- you've got to do is to create a suitable directory (no blanks in
- directory name please) e.g. c:\myhome. Then you must set the
- environment variable HOME to this directory. To do this under Win9x
- or Me include the line
-
- SET HOME=C:\myhome
-
-
- in your autoexec.bat and reboot. Under NT, 2000 and XP, hit
- Winkey+Pause/Break to enter system options (if it doesn't work, go
- to Control Panel -> System). There you'll find the possibility to
- set environment variables, create a new one with name HOME and
- value C:\myhome, a reboot is not necessary.
-
- Now to create ~/.gnus, say C-x C-f ~/.gnus RET C-x C-s. in Emacs.
-
-3.3. My news server requires authentication, how to store user name and
- password on disk?
-
- Create a file ~/.authinfo which includes for each server a line
- like this
-
- machine news.yourprovider.net login YourUserName password YourPassword
-
- . Make sure that the file isn't readable to others if you work on a
- OS which is capable of doing so. (Under Unix say
-
- chmod 600 ~/.authinfo
-
- in a shell.)
-
-3.4. Gnus seems to start up OK, but I can't find out how to subscribe to
- a group.
-
- If you know the name of the group say U name.of.group RET in group
- buffer (use the tab-completion Luke). Otherwise hit ^ in group
- buffer, this brings you to the server buffer. Now place point (the
- cursor) over the server which carries the group you want, hit RET,
- move point to the group you want to subscribe to and say u to
- subscribe to it.
-
-3.5. Gnus doesn't show all groups / Gnus says I'm not allowed to post on
- this server as well as I am, what's that?
-
- Some providers allow restricted anonymous access and full access
- only after authorization. To make Gnus send authinfo to those
- servers append
-
- force yes
-
- to the line for those servers in ~/.authinfo.
-
-3.6. I want Gnus to fetch news from several servers, is this possible?
-
- Of course. You can specify more sources for articles in the
- variable gnus-secondary-select-methods. Add something like this in
- ~/.gnus:
-
- (add-to-list 'gnus-secondary-select-methods '(nntp "news.yourSecondProvider.net"))
- (add-to-list 'gnus-secondary-select-methods '(nntp "news.yourThirdProvider.net"))
-
-
-3.7. And how about local spool files?
-
- No problem, this is just one more select method called nnspool, so
- you want this:
-
- (add-to-list 'gnus-secondary-select-methods '(nnspool ""))
-
-
- Or this if you don't want an NNTP Server as primary news source:
-
- (setq gnus-select-method '(nnspool ""))
-
-
- Gnus will look for the spool file in /usr/spool/news, if you want
- something different, change the line above to something like this:
-
- (add-to-list 'gnus-secondary-select-methods
- '(nnspool "" (nnspool-directory "/usr/local/myspoolddir")))
-
-
- This sets the spool directory for this server only. You might have
- to specify more stuff like the program used to post articles, see
- the Gnus manual on how to do this.
-
-3.8. OK, reading news works now, but I want to be able to read my mail
- with Gnus, too. How to do it?
-
- That's a bit harder since there are many possible sources for mail,
- many possible ways for storing mail and many different ways for
- sending mail. The most common cases are these: 1: You want to read
- your mail from a pop3 server and send them directly to a SMTP
- Server 2: Some program like fetchmail retrieves your mail and
- stores it on disk from where Gnus shall read it. Outgoing mail is
- sent by Sendmail, Postfix or some other MTA. Sometimes, you even
- need a combination of the above cases.
-
- However, the first thing to do is to tell Gnus in which way it
- should store the mail, in Gnus terminology which back end to use.
- Gnus supports many different back ends, the most commonly used one
- is nnml. It stores every mail in one file and is therefor quite
- fast. However you might prefer a one file per group approach if
- your file system has problems with many small files, the nnfolder
- back end is then probably the choice for you. To use nnml add the
- following to ~/.gnus:
-
- (add-to-list 'gnus-secondary-select-methods '(nnml ""))
-
-
- As you might have guessed, if you want nnfolder, it's
-
- (add-to-list 'gnus-secondary-select-methods '(nnfolder ""))
-
-
- Now we need to tell Gnus, where to get it's mail from. If it's a
- POP3 server, then you need something like this:
-
- (eval-after-load "mail-source"
- '(add-to-list 'mail-sources '(pop :server "pop.YourProvider.net"
- :user "yourUserName"
- :password "yourPassword"))
-
-
- Make sure ~/.gnus isn't readable to others if you store your
- password there. If you want to read your mail from a traditional
- spool file on your local machine, it's
-
- (eval-after-load "mail-source"
- '(add-to-list 'mail-sources '(file :path "/path/to/spool/file"))
-
-
- If it's a Maildir, with one file per message as used by postfix,
- Qmail and (optionally) fetchmail it's
-
- (eval-after-load "mail-source"
- '(add-to-list 'mail-sources '(maildir :path "/path/to/Maildir/"
- :subdirs ("cur" "new")))
-
-
- And finally if you want to read your mail from several files in one
- directory, for example because procmail already split your mail,
- it's
-
- (eval-after-load "mail-source"
- '(add-to-list 'mail-sources '(directory :path "/path/to/procmail-dir/"
- :suffix ".prcml"))
-
-
- Where :suffix ".prcml" tells Gnus only to use files with the suffix
- .prcml.
-
- OK, now you only need to tell Gnus how to send mail. If you want to
- send mail via sendmail (or whichever MTA is playing the role of
- sendmail on your system), you don't need to do anything. However,
- if you want to send your mail to an SMTP Server you need the
- following in your ~/.gnus
-
- (setq send-mail-function 'smtpmail-send-it)
- (setq message-send-mail-function 'smtpmail-send-it)
- (setq smtpmail-default-smtp-server "smtp.yourProvider.net")
-
-
-3.9. And what about IMAP?
-
- There are two ways of using IMAP with Gnus. The first one is to use
- IMAP like POP3, that means Gnus fetches the mail from the IMAP
- server and stores it on disk. If you want to do this (you don't
- really want to do this) add the following to ~/.gnus
-
- (add-to-list 'mail-sources '(imap :server "mail.mycorp.com"
- :user "username"
- :pass "password"
- :stream network
- :authentication login
- :mailbox "INBOX"
- :fetchflag "\\Seen"))
-
-
- You might have to tweak the values for stream and/or
- authentification, see the Gnus manual node "Mail Source Specifiers"
- for possible values.
-
- If you want to use IMAP the way it's intended, you've got to follow
- a different approach. You've got to add the nnimap back end to your
- select method and give the information about the server there.
-
- (add-to-list 'gnus-secondary-select-methods
- '(nnimap "Give the baby a name"
- (nnimap-address "imap.yourProvider.net")
- (nnimap-port 143)
- (nnimap-list-pattern "archive.*")))
-
-
- Again, you might have to specify how to authenticate to the server
- if Gnus can't guess the correct way, see the Manual Node "IMAP" for
- detailed information.
-
-3.10. At the office we use one of those MS Exchange servers, can I use
- Gnus to read my mail from it?
-
- Offer your administrator a pair of new running shoes for activating
- IMAP on the server and follow the instructions above.
-
-3.11. Can I tell Gnus not to delete the mails on the server it retrieves
- via POP3?
-
- First of all, that's not the way POP3 is intended to work, if you
- have the possibility, you should use the IMAP Protocol if you want
- your messages to stay on the server. Nevertheless there might be
- situations where you need the feature, but sadly Gnus itself has no
- predefined functionality to do so.
-
- However this is Gnus county so there are possibilities to achieve
- what you want. The easiest way is to get an external program which
- retrieves copies of the mail and stores them on disk, so Gnus can
- read it from there. On Unix systems you could use e.g. fetchmail
- for this, on MS Windows you can use Hamster, an excellent local
- news and mail server.
-
- The other solution would be, to replace the method Gnus uses to get
- mail from POP3 servers by one which is capable of leaving the mail
- on the server. If you use XEmacs, get the package mail-lib, it
- includes an enhanced pop3.el, look in the file, there's
- documentation on how to tell Gnus to use it and not to delete the
- retrieved mail. For GNU Emacs look for the file epop3.el which can
- do the same (If you know the home of this file, please send me an
- e-mail). You can also tell Gnus to use an external program (e.g.
- fetchmail) to fetch your mail, see the info node "Mail Source
- Specifiers" in the Gnus manual on how to do it.
-
-4. Reading messages
-
-4.1. When I enter a group, all read messages are gone. How to view them
- again?
-
- If you enter the group by saying RET in summary buffer with point
- over the group, only unread and ticked messages are loaded. Say C-u
- RET instead to load all available messages. If you want only the
- e.g. 300 newest say C-u 300 RET
-
- Loading only unread messages can be annoying if you have threaded
- view enabled, say
-
- (setq gnus-fetch-old-headers 'some)
-
-
- in ~/.gnus to load enough old articles to prevent teared threads,
- replace 'some with t to load all articles (Warning: Both settings
- enlarge the amount of data which is fetched when you enter a group
- and slow down the process of entering a group).
-
- If you use Oort Gnus, you can say /o N In summary buffer to load
- the last N messages, this feature is not available in 5.8.8
-
- If you don't want all old messages, but the parent of the message
- you're just reading, you can say ^, if you want to retrieve the
- whole thread the message you're just reading belongs to, A T is
- your friend.
-
-4.2. How to tell Gnus to show an important message every time I enter a
- group, even when it's read?
-
- You can tick important messages. To do this hit u while point is in
- summary buffer over the message. When you want to remove the mark,
- hit either d (this deletes the tick mark and set's unread mark) or
- M c (which deletes all marks for the message).
-
-4.3. How to view the headers of a message?
-
- Say t to show all headers, one more t hides them again.
-
-4.4. How to view the raw unformatted message?
-
- Say C-u g to show the raw message g returns to normal view.
-
-4.5. How can I change the headers Gnus displays by default at the top of
- the article buffer?
-
- The variable gnus-visible-headers controls which headers are shown,
- its value is a regular expression, header lines which match it are
- shown. So if you want author, subject, date, and if the header
- exists, Followup-To and MUA / NUA say this in ~/.gnus:
-
- (setq gnus-visible-headers
- "^\\(From:\\|Subject:\\|Date:\\|Followup-To:\\|X-Newsreader:\\|User-Agent:\\|X-Mailer:\\)")
-
-
-4.6. I'd like Gnus NOT to render HTML-mails but show me the text part if
- it's available. How to do it?
-
- Say
-
- (eval-after-load "mm-decode"
- '(progn
- (add-to-list 'mm-discouraged-alternatives "text/html")
- (add-to-list 'mm-discouraged-alternatives "text/richtext")))
-
-
- in ~/.gnus. If you don't want HTML rendered, even if there's no
- text alternative add
-
- (setq mm-automatic-display (remove "text/html" mm-automatic-display))
-
-
- too.
-
-4.7. Can I use some other browser than w3 to render my HTML-mails?
-
- Only if you use Oort Gnus. In this case you've got the choice
- between w3, w3m, links, lynx and html2text, which one is used can
- be specified in the variable mm-text-html-renderer, so if you want
- links to render your mail say
-
- (setq mm-text-html-renderer 'links)
-
-
-4.8. Is there anything I can do to make poorly formatted mails more
- readable?
-
- Gnus offers you several functions to "wash" incoming mail, you can
- find them if you browse through the menu, item Article->Washing.
- The most interesting ones are probably "Wrap long lines" ( W w ),
- "Decode ROT13" ( W r ) and "Outlook Deuglify" which repairs the
- dumb quoting used by many users of Microsoft products ( W k ) sadly
- the last one is only available in Oort Gnus.
-
-4.9. Is there a way to automatically ignore posts by specific authors or
- with specific words in the subject? And can I highlight more
- interesting ones in some way?
-
- You want Scoring. Scoring means, that you define rules which assign
- each message an integer value. Depending on the value the message
- is highlighted in summary buffer (if it's high, say +2000) or
- automatically marked read (if the value is low, say -800) or some
- other action happens.
-
- There are basically three ways of setting up rules which assign the
- scoring-value to messages. The first and easiest way is to set up
- rules based on the article you are just reading. Say you're reading
- a message by a guy who always writes nonsense and you want to
- ignore his messages in the future. Hit L, to set up a rule which
- lowers the score. Now Gnus asks you which the criteria for lowering
- the Score shall be. Hit ? twice to see all possibilities, we want a
- which means the author (the from header). Now Gnus wants to know
- which kind of matching we want. Hit either e for an exact match or
- s for substring-match and delete afterwards everything but the name
- to score down all authors with the given name no matter which email
- address is used. Now you need to tell Gnus when to apply the rule
- and how long it should last, hit e.g. p to apply the rule now and
- let it last forever. If you want to raise the score instead of
- lowering it say I instead of L.
-
- You can also set up rules by hand. To do this say V f in summary
- buffer. Then you are asked for the name of the score file, it's
- name.of.group.SCORE for rules valid in only one group or all.Score
- for rules valid in all groups. See the Gnus manual for the exact
- syntax, basically it's one big list whose elements are lists again.
- the first element of those lists is the header to score on, then
- one more list with what to match, which score to assign, when to
- expire the rule and how to do the matching. If you find me very
- interesting, you could e.g. add the following to your all.Score:
-
- (("references" ("hschmi22.userfqdn.rz-online.de" 500 nil s))
- ("message-id" ("hschmi22.userfqdn.rz-online.de" 999 nil s)))
-
-
- This would add 999 to the score of messages written by me and 500
- to the score of messages which are a (possibly indirect) answer to
- a message written by me. Of course nobody with a sane mind would do
- this :-)
-
- The third alternative is adaptive scoring. This means Gnus watches
- you and tries to find out what you find interesting and what
- annoying and sets up rules which reflect this. Adaptive scoring can
- be a huge help when reading high traffic groups. If you want to
- activate adaptive scoring say
-
- (setq gnus-use-adaptive-scoring t)
-
-
- in ~/.gnus.
-
-4.10. How can I disable threading in some (e.g. mail-) groups, or set
- other variables specific for some groups?
-
- While in group buffer move point over the group and hit G c, this
- opens a buffer where you can set options for the group. At the
- bottom of the buffer you'll find an item that allows you to set
- variables locally for the group. To disable threading enter
- gnus-show-threads as name of variable and nil as value. Hit button
- done at the top of the buffer when you're ready.
-
-4.11. Can I highlight messages written by me and follow-ups to those?
-
- Stop those "Can I ..." questions, the answer is always yes in Gnus
- Country :-). It's a three step process: First we make faces
- (specifications of how summary-line shall look like) for those
- postings, then we'll give them some special score and finally we'll
- tell Gnus to use the new faces. You can find detailed instructions
- on how to do it on my.gnus.org [http://my.gnus.org/Members/dzimmerm
- /HowTo%2C2002-07-25%2C1027619165012198456/view]
-
-4.12. The number of total messages in a group which Gnus displays in
- group buffer is by far to high, especially in mail groups. Is this
- a bug?
-
- No, that's a matter of design of Gnus, fixing this would mean
- reimplementation of major parts of Gnus' back ends. Gnus thinks
- "highest-article-number - lowest-article-number =
- total-number-of-articles". This works OK for Usenet groups, but if
- you delete and move many messages in mail groups, this fails. To
- cure the symptom, enter the group via C-u RET (this makes Gnus get
- all messages), then hit M P b to mark all messages and then say B m
- name.of.group to move all messages to the group they have been in
- before, they get new message numbers in this process and the count
- is right again (until you delete and move your mail to other groups
- again).
-
-4.13. I don't like the layout of summary and article buffer, how to
- change it? Perhaps even a three pane display?
-
- You can control the windows configuration by calling the function
- gnus-add-configuration. The syntax is a bit complicated but
- explained very well in the manual node "Window Layout". Some
- popular examples:
-
- Instead 25% summary 75% article buffer 35% summary and 65% article
- (the 1.0 for article means "take the remaining space"):
-
- (gnus-add-configuration '(article (vertical 1.0 (summary .35 point) (article 1.0))))
-
-
- A three pane layout, Group buffer on the left, summary buffer
- top-right, article buffer bottom-right:
-
- (gnus-add-configuration
- '(article
- (horizontal 1.0
- (vertical 25
- (group 1.0))
- (vertical 1.0
- (summary 0.25 point)
- (article 1.0)))))
- (gnus-add-configuration
- '(summary
- (horizontal 1.0
- (vertical 25
- (group 1.0))
- (vertical 1.0
- (summary 1.0 point)))))
-
-
-4.14. I don't like the way the Summary buffer looks, how to tweak it?
-
- You've got to play around with the variable
- gnus-summary-line-format. It's value is a string of symbols which
- stand for things like author, date, subject etc. A list of the
- available specifiers can be found in the manual node "Summary
- Buffer Lines" and the often forgotten node "Formatting Variables"
- and it's sub-nodes. There you'll find useful things like
- positioning the cursor and tabulators which allow you a summary in
- table form, but sadly hard tabulators are broken in 5.8.8.
-
- Oort Gnus offers you some very nice new specifiers, e.g. %B which
- draws a thread-tree and %&user-date which gives you a date where
- the details are dependent of the articles age. Here's an example
- which uses both, DON'T TRY TO USE IT WITH 5.8.8!
-
- (setq gnus-summary-line-format ":%U%R %B %s %-60=|%4L |%-20,20f |%&user-date; \n")
-
-
- resulting in:
-
- :O Re: [Richard Stallman] rfc2047.el | 13 |Lars Magne Ingebrigt |Sat 23:06
- :O Re: Revival of the ding-patches list | 13 |Lars Magne Ingebrigt |Sat 23:12
- :R > Re: Find correct list of articles for a gro| 25 |Lars Magne Ingebrigt |Sat 23:16
- :O \-> ... | 21 |Kai Grossjohann | 0:01
- :R > Re: Cry for help: deuglify.el - moving stuf| 28 |Lars Magne Ingebrigt |Sat 23:34
- :O \-> ... | 115 |Raymond Scholz | 1:24
- :O \-> ... | 19 |Lars Magne Ingebrigt |15:33
- :O Slow mailing list | 13 |Lars Magne Ingebrigt |Sat 23:49
- :O Re: `@' mark not documented | 13 |Lars Magne Ingebrigt |Sat 23:50
- :R > Re: Gnus still doesn't count messages prope| 23 |Lars Magne Ingebrigt |Sat 23:57
- :O \-> ... | 18 |Kai Grossjohann | 0:35
- :O \-> ... | 13 |Lars Magne Ingebrigt | 0:56
-
-
-4.15. How to split incoming mails in several groups?
-
- Gnus offers two possibilities for splitting mail, the easy
- nnmail-split-methods and the more powerful Fancy Mail Splitting.
- I'll only talk about the first one, refer to the manual, node
- "Fancy Mail Splitting" for the latter.
-
- The value of nnmail-split-methods is a list, each element is a list
- which stands for a splitting rule. Each rule has the form "group
- where matching articles should go to", "regular expression which
- has to be matched", the first rule which matches wins. The last
- rule must always be a general rule (regular expression .*) which
- denotes where articles should go which don't match any other rule.
- If the folder doesn't exist yet, it will be created as soon as an
- article lands there. By default the mail will be send to all groups
- whose rules match. If you don't want that (you probably don't
- want), say
-
- (setq nnmail-crosspost nil)
-
-
- in ~/.gnus.
-
- An example might be better than thousand words, so here's my
- nnmail-split-methods. Note that I send duplicates in a special
- group and that the default group is spam, since I filter all mails
- out which are from some list I'm subscribed to or which are
- addressed directly to me before. Those rules kill about 80% of the
- Spam which reaches me (Email addresses are changed to prevent
- spammers from using them):
-
- (setq nnmail-split-methods
- '(("duplicates" "^Gnus-Warning:.*duplicate")
- ("XEmacs-NT" "^\\(To:\\|CC:\\).*localpart@xemacs.bla.*")
- ("Gnus-Tut" "^\\(To:\\|CC:\\).*localpart@socha.bla.*")
- ("tcsh" "^\\(To:\\|CC:\\).*localpart@mx.gw.bla.*")
- ("BAfH" "^\\(To:\\|CC:\\).*localpart@.*uni-muenchen.bla.*")
- ("Hamster-src" "^\\(CC:\\|To:\\).*hamster-sourcen@yahoogroups.\\(de\\|com\\).*")
- ("Tagesschau" "^From: tagesschau <localpart@www.tagesschau.bla>$")
- ("Replies" "^\\(CC:\\|To:\\).*localpart@Frank-Schmitt.bla.*")
- ("EK" "^From:.*\\(localpart@privateprovider.bla\\|localpart@workplace.bla\\).*")
- ("Spam" "^Content-Type:.*\\(ks_c_5601-1987\\|EUC-KR\\|big5\\|iso-2022-jp\\).*")
- ("Spam" "^Subject:.*\\(This really work\\|XINGA\\|ADV:\\|XXX\\|adult\\|sex\\).*")
- ("Spam" "^Subject:.*\\(\=\?ks_c_5601-1987\?\\|\=\?euc-kr\?\\|\=\?big5\?\\).*")
- ("Spam" "^X-Mailer:\\(.*BulkMailer.*\\|.*MIME::Lite.*\\|\\)")
- ("Spam" "^X-Mailer:\\(.*CyberCreek Avalanche\\|.*http\:\/\/GetResponse\.com\\)")
- ("Spam" "^From:.*\\(verizon\.net\\|prontomail\.com\\|money\\|ConsumerDirect\\).*")
- ("Spam" "^Delivered-To: GMX delivery to spamtrap@gmx.bla$")
- ("Spam" "^Received: from link2buy.com")
- ("Spam" "^CC: .*azzrael@t-online.bla")
- ("Spam" "^X-Mailer-Version: 1.50 BETA")
- ("Uni" "^\\(CC:\\|To:\\).*localpart@uni-koblenz.bla.*")
- ("Inbox" "^\\(CC:\\|To:\\).*\\(my\ name\\|address@one.bla\\|adress@two.bla\\)")
- ("Spam" "")))
-
-
-5. Composing messages
-
-5.1. What are the basic commands I need to know for sending mail and
- postings?
-
- To start composing a new mail hit m either in Group or Summary
- buffer, for a posting, it's either a in Group buffer and filling
- the Newsgroups header manually or a in the Summary buffer of the
- group where the posting shall be send to. Replying by mail is r if
- you don't want to cite the author, or import the cited text
- manually and R to cite the text of the original message. For a
- follow up to a newsgroup, it's f and F (analog to r and R.
-
- Enter new headers above the line saying "--text follows this
- line--", enter the text below the line. When ready hit C-c C-c, to
- send the message, if you want to finish it later hit C-c C-d to
- save it in the drafts group, where you can start editing it again
- by saying D e.
-
-5.2. How to enable automatic word-wrap when composing messages?
-
- Say
-
- (add-hook 'message-mode-hook
- (lambda ()
- (setq fill-column 72)
- (turn-on-auto-fill)))
-
-
- in ~/.gnus. You can reformat a paragraph by hitting M-q (as usual)
-
-5.3. How to set stuff like From, Organization, Reply-To, signature...?
-
- There are other ways, but you should use posting styles for this.
- (See below why). This example should make the syntax clear:
-
- (setq gnus-posting-styles
- '((".*"
- (name "Frank Schmitt")
- (address "me@there.bla")
- (organization "Hamme net, kren mer och nimmi")
- (signature-file "~/.signature")
- ("X-SampleHeader" "foobar")
- (eval (setq some-variable "Foo bar")))))
-
-
- The ".*" means that this settings are the default ones (see below),
- valid values for the first element of the following lists are
- signature, signature-file, organization, address, name or body. The
- attribute name can also be a string. In that case, this will be
- used as a header name, and the value will be inserted in the
- headers of the article; if the value is `nil', the header name will
- be removed. You can also say (eval (foo bar)), then the function
- foo will be evaluated with argument bar and the result will be
- thrown away.
-
-5.4. Can I set things like From, Signature etc group based on the group
- I post too?
-
- That's the strength of posting styles. Before, we used ".*" to set
- the default for all groups. You can use a regexp like "^gmane" and
- the following settings are only applied to postings you send to the
- gmane hierarchy, use ".*binaries" instead and they will be applied
- to postings send to groups containing the string binaries in their
- name etc.
-
- You can instead of specifying a regexp specify a function which is
- evaluated, only if it returns true, the corresponding settings take
- effect. Two interesting candidates for this are message-news-p
- which returns t if the current Group is a newsgroup and the
- corresponding message-mail-p.
-
- Note that all forms that match are applied, that means in the
- example below, when I post to gmane.mail.spam.spamassassin.general,
- the settings under ".*" are applied and the settings under
- message-news-p and those under "^gmane" and those under "^gmane\
- \.mail\\.spam\\.spamassassin\\.general$". Because of this put
- general settings at the top and specific ones at the bottom.
-
- (setq gnus-posting-styles
- '((".*" ;;default
- (name "Frank Schmitt")
- (organization "Hamme net, kren mer och nimmi")
- (signature-file "~/.signature") )
- ((message-news-p) ;;Usenet news?
- (address "mySpamTrap@Frank-Schmitt.bla")
- ("Reply-To" "hereRealRepliesOnlyPlease@Frank-Schmitt.bla") )
- ((message-mail-p) ;;mail?
- (address "usedForMails@Frank-Schmitt.bla") )
- ("^gmane" ;;this is mail, too in fact
- (address "usedForMails@Frank-Schmitt.net")
- ("Reply-To" nil) )
- ("^gmane.mail.spam.spamassassin.general$"
- (eval (setq mail-envelope-from "Azzrael@rz-online.de"))
- (address "Azzrael@rz-online.de")) ))
-
-
-5.5. Is there a spell-checker? Perhaps even on-the-fly spell-checking?
-
- You can use ispell.el to spell-check stuff in Emacs. So the first
- thing to do is to make sure that you've got either ispell [http://
- fmg-www.cs.ucla.edu/fmg-members/geoff/ispell.html] or aspell [http:
- //aspell.sourceforge.net/] installed and in your Path. Then you
- need ispell.el [http://www.kdstevens.com/~stevens/ispell-page.html]
- and for on-the-fly spell-checking flyspell.el [http://
- www-sop.inria.fr/mimosa/personnel/Manuel.Serrano/flyspell/
- flyspell.html]. Ispell.el is shipped with Gnus Emacs and available
- through the Emacs package system, flyspell.el is shipped with Emacs
- and part of XEmacs text-modes package which is available through
- the package system, so there should be no need to install them
- manually.
-
- Ispell.el assumes you use ispell, if you choose aspell say
-
- (setq ispell-program-name "aspell")
-
- in your Emacs configuration file.
-
- If you want your outgoing messages to be spell-checked, say
-
- (add-hook 'message-send-hook 'ispell-message)
-
- In your ~/.gnus, if you prefer on-the-fly spell-checking say
-
- (add-hook 'message-mode-hook (lambda () (flyspell-mode 1)))
-
-5.6. Can I set the dictionary based on the group I'm posting to?
-
- Yes, say something like
-
- (add-hook 'gnus-select-group-hook
- (lambda ()
- (cond
- ((string-match
- "^de\\." (gnus-group-real-name gnus-newsgroup-name))
- (ispell-change-dictionary "deutsch8"))
- (t
- (ispell-change-dictionary "english")))))
-
-
- in ~/.gnus. Change "^de\\." and "deutsch8" to something that suits
- your needs.
-
-5.7. Is there some kind of address-book, so I needn't remember all those
- email addresses?
-
- There's an very basic solution for this, mail aliases. You can
- store your mail addresses in a ~/.mailrc file using a simple alias
- syntax:
-
- alias al "Al <al@english-heritage.bla>"
-
-
- Then typing your alias (followed by a space or punctuation
- character) on a To: or Cc: line in the message buffer will cause
- gnus to insert the full address for you. See the node "Mail
- Aliases" in Message (not Gnus) manual for details.
-
- However, what you really want is the Insidious Big Brother Database
- bbdb. Get it through the XEmacs package system or from bbdb's
- homepage [http://bbdb.sourceforge.net/]. Now place the following in
- ~/.gnus, to activate bbdb for Gnus:
-
- (require 'bbdb)
- (bbdb-initialize 'gnus 'message)
-
-
- Now you probably want some general bbdb configuration, place them
- in ~/.emacs:
-
- (require 'bbdb)
- ;;If you don't live in Northern America, you should disable the
- ;;syntax check for telephone numbers by saying
- (setq bbdb-north-american-phone-numbers-p nil)
- ;;Tell bbdb about your email address:
- (setq bbdb-user-mail-names
- (regexp-opt '("Your.Email@here.bla"
- "Your.other@mail.there.bla")))
- ;;cycling while completing email addresses
- (setq bbdb-complete-name-allow-cycling t)
- ;;No popup-buffers
- (setq bbdb-use-pop-up nil)
-
-
- Now you should be ready to go. Say M-x bbdb RET RET to open a bbdb
- buffer showing all entries. Say c to create a new entry, b to
- search your BBDB and C-o to add a new field to an entry. If you
- want to add a sender to the BBDB you can also just hit `:' on the
- posting in the summary buffer and you are done. When you now
- compose a new mail, hit TAB to cycle through know recipients.
-
-5.8. Sometimes I see little images at the top of article buffer. What's
- that and how can I send one with my postings, too?
-
- Those images are called X-Faces. They are 48*48 pixel b/w pictures,
- encoded in a header line. If you want to include one in your posts,
- you've got to convert some image to a X-Face. So fire up some image
- manipulation program (say Gimp), open the image you want to
- include, cut out the relevant part, reduce color depth to 1 bit,
- resize to 48*48 and save as bitmap. Now you should get the compface
- package from this site [ftp://ftp.cs.indiana.edu:/pub/faces/]. and
- create the actual X-face by saying
-
- cat file.xbm | xbm2ikon |compface > file.face
- cat ./file.face | sed 's/\\/\\\\/g' | sed 's/\"/\\\"/g' > ./file.face.quoted
-
-
- if you can't use compface, there's an online X-face converter at
- http://www.dairiki.org/xface/ [http://www.dairiki.org/xface/]. If
- you use MS Windows, you could also use the WinFace program from
- http://www.xs4all.nl/~walterln/winface/ [http://www.xs4all.nl/
- ~walterln/winface/]. Now you only have to tell Gnus to include the
- X-face in your postings by saying
-
- (setq message-default-headers
- (with-temp-buffer
- (insert "X-Face: ")
- (insert-file-contents "~/.xemacs/xface")
- (buffer-string)))
-
-
- in ~/.gnus.
-
-5.9. Sometimes I accidentally hit r instead of f in newsgroups. Can Gnus
- warn me, when I'm replying by mail in newsgroups?
-
- Put this in ~/.gnus:
-
- (defadvice gnus-summary-reply (around reply-in-news activate)
- (interactive)
- (when (or (not (gnus-news-group-p gnus-newsgroup-name))
- (y-or-n-p "Really reply? "))
- ad-do-it))
-
-
- In Oort you can use
-
- (setq gnus-confirm-mail-reply-to-news t)
-
-
- instead to achieve the same result.
-
-5.10. How to tell Gnus not to generate a sender header?
-
- Say
-
- (eval-after-load "message"
- '(add-to-list 'message-syntax-checks '(sender . disabled)))
-
-
- in ~/.gnus. (This is the default behaviour in Oort Gnus.)
-
-5.11. I want gnus to locally store copies of my send mail and news, how
- to do it?
-
- You must set the variable gnus-message-archive-group to do this.
- You can set it to a string giving the name of the group where the
- copies shall go or like in the example below use a function which
- is evaluated and which returns the group to use.
-
- (setq gnus-message-archive-group
- '((if (message-news-p)
- "nnml:Send-News"
- "nnml:Send-Mail")))
-
-
-5.12. People tell me my Message-IDs are not correct, why aren't they and
- how to fix it?
-
- The message-ID is an unique identifier for messages you send. To
- make it unique, Gnus need to know which machine name to put after
- the "@". If the name of the machine where Gnus is running isn't
- suitable (it probably isn't at most private machines) you can tell
- Gnus what to use by saying:
-
- (defun message-make-message-id()
- (concat "<"(message-unique-id)"@yourmachine.yourdomain.tld>"))
-
-
- in ~/.gnus. If you have no idea what to insert for
- "yourmachine.yourdomain.tld", you've got several choices. You can
- either ask your provider if he allows you to use something like
- yourUserName.userfqdn.provider.net, or you can use
- somethingUnique.yourdomain.tld if you own the domain
- yourdomain.tld, or you can register at a service which gives
- private users a FQDN for free, e.g. http://www.stura.tu-freiberg.de
- /~dlx/addfqdn.html [http://www.stura.tu-freiberg.de/~dlx/
- addfqdn.html]. (Sorry but this website is in German, if you know of
- an English one offering the same, drop me a note).
-
- Finally you can tell Gnus not to generate a Message-ID for News at
- all (and letting the server do the job) by saying
-
- (setq message-required-news-headers
- (remove' Message-ID message-required-news-headers))
-
-
- you can also tell Gnus not to generate Message-IDs for mail by
- saying
-
- (setq message-required-mail-headers
- (remove' Message-ID message-required-mail-headers))
-
-
- , however some mail servers don't generate proper Message-IDs, too,
- so test if your Mail Server behaves correctly by sending yourself a
- Mail and looking at the Message-ID.
-
-6. Old messages
-
-6.1. How to import my old mail into Gnus?
-
- The easiest way is to tell your old mail program to export the
- messages in mbox format. Most Unix mailers are able to do this, if
- you come from the MS Windows world, you may find tools at http://
- mbx2mbox.sourceforge.net/ [http://mbx2mbox.sourceforge.net/].
-
- Now you've got to import this mbox file into Gnus. To do this,
- create a nndoc group based on the mbox file by saying G f /path/
- file.mbox RET in Group buffer. You now have read-only access to
- your mail. If you want to import the messages to your normal Gnus
- mail groups hierarchy, enter the nndoc group you've just created by
- saying C-u RET (thus making sure all messages are retrieved), mark
- all messages by saying M P b and either copy them to the desired
- group by saying B c name.of.group RET or send them through
- nnmail-split-methods (respool them) by saying B r.
-
-6.2. How to archive interesting messages?
-
- If you stumble across an interesting message, say in gnu.emacs.gnus
- and want to archive it there are several solutions. The first and
- easiest is to save it to a file by saying O f. However, wouldn't it
- be much more convenient to have more direct access to the archived
- message from Gnus? If you say yes, put this snippet by Frank Haun
- <pille3003@fhaun.de> in ~/.gnus:
-
- (defun my-archive-article (&optional n)
- "Copies one or more article(s) to a corresponding `nnml:' group, e.g.
- `gnus.ding' goes to `nnml:1.gnus.ding'. And `nnml:List-gnus.ding' goes
- to `nnml:1.List-gnus-ding'.
-
- Use process marks or mark a region in the summary buffer to archive
- more then one article."
- (interactive "P")
- (let ((archive-name
- (format
- "nnml:1.%s"
- (if (featurep 'xemacs)
- (replace-in-string gnus-newsgroup-name "^.*:" "")
- (replace-regexp-in-string "^.*:" "" gnus-newsgroup-name)))))
- (gnus-summary-copy-article n archive-name)))
-
-
- You can now say M-x my-archive-article in summary buffer to archive
- the article under the cursor in a nnml group. (Change nnml to your
- preferred back end)
-
- Of course you can also make sure the cache is enabled by saying
-
- (setq gnus-use-cache t)
-
-
- then you only have to set either the tick or the dormant mark for
- articles you want to keep, setting the read mark will remove them
- from cache.
-
-6.3. How to search for a specific message?
-
- There are several ways for this, too. For a posting from a Usenet
- group the easiest solution is probably to ask groups.google.com
- [http://groups.google.com] (in Oort Gnus you can search
- groups.google.com with G W), if you found the posting there, tell
- Google to display the raw message, look for the message-id, and say
- M-^ the@message.id RET in a summary buffer.
-
- Another idea which works for both mail and news groups is to enter
- the group where the message you are searching is and use the
- standard Emacs search C-s, it's smart enough to look at articles in
- collapsed threads, too. If you want to search bodies, too try M-s
- instead. Further on there are the gnus-summary-limit-to-foo
- functions, which can help you, too.
-
- Of course you can also use grep to search through your local mail,
- but this is both slow for big archives and inconvenient since you
- are not displaying the found mail in Gnus. Here comes nnir into
- action. Nnir is a front end to search engines like swish-e or
- swish++ and others. You index your mail with one of those search
- engines and with the help of nnir you can search trough the indexed
- mail and generate a temporary group with all messages which met
- your search criteria. If this sound cool to you get nnir.el from
- ftp://ls6-ftp.cs.uni-dortmund.de/pub/src/emacs/ [ftp://
- ls6-ftp.cs.uni-dortmund.de/pub/src/emacs/] or ftp://
- ftp.is.informatik.uni-duisburg.de/pub/src/emacs/ [ftp://
- ftp.is.informatik.uni-duisburg.de/pub/src/emacs/]. Instructions on
- how to use it are at the top of the file.
-
-6.4. How to get rid of old unwanted mail?
-
- You can of course just mark the mail you don't need anymore by
- saying # with point over the mail and then say B DEL to get rid of
- them forever. You could also instead of actually deleting them,
- send them to a junk-group by saying B m nnml:trash-bin which you
- clear from time to time, but both are not the intended way in Gnus.
-
- In Gnus, we let mail expire like news expires on a news server.
- That means you tell Gnus the message is expirable (you tell Gnus "I
- don't need this mail anymore") by saying E with point over the mail
- in summary buffer. Now when you leave the group, Gnus looks at all
- messages which you marked as expirable before and if they are old
- enough (default is older than a week) they are deleted.
-
-6.5. I want that all read messages are expired (at least in some
- groups). How to do it?
-
- If you want all read messages to be expired (e.g. in mailing lists
- where there's an online archive), you've got two choices:
- auto-expire and total-expire. Auto-expire means, that every article
- which has no marks set and is selected for reading is marked as
- expirable, Gnus hits E for you every time you read a message.
- Total-expire follows a slightly different approach, here all
- article where the read mark is set are expirable.
-
- To activate auto-expire, include auto-expire in the Group
- parameters for the group. (Hit G c in summary buffer with point
- over the group to change group parameters). For total-expire add
- total-expire to the group-parameters.
-
- Which method you choose is merely a matter of taste: Auto-expire is
- faster, but it doesn't play together with Adaptive Scoring, so if
- you want to use this feature, you should use total-expire.
-
- If you want a message to be excluded from expiration in a group
- where total or auto expire is active, set either tick (hit u) or
- dormant mark (hit u), when you use auto-expire, you can also set
- the read mark (hit d).
-
-6.6. I don't want expiration to delete my mails but to move them to
- another group.
-
- Say something like this in ~/.gnus:
-
- (setq nnmail-expiry-target "nnml:expired")
-
-
- (If you want to change the value of nnmail-expiry-target on a per
- group basis see the question "How can I disable threading in some
- (e.g. mail-) groups, or set other variables specific for some
- groups?")
-
-7. Getting help
-
-7.1. How to find information and help inside Emacs?
-
- The first stop should be the Gnus manual (Say C-h i d m Gnus RET to
- start the Gnus manual, then walk through the menus or do a
- full-text search with s). Then there are the general Emacs help
- commands starting with C-h, type C-h ? ? to get a list of all
- available help commands and their meaning. Finally M-x
- apropos-command lets you search through all available functions and
- M-x apropos searches the bound variables.
-
-7.2. I can't find anything in the Gnus manual about X (e.g. attachments,
- PGP, MIME...), is it not documented?
-
- There's not only the Gnus manual but also the manuals for message,
- emacs-mime, sieve and (only in Oort Gnus) pgg. Those packages are
- distributed with Gnus and used by Gnus but aren't really part of
- core Gnus, so they are documented in different info files, you
- should have a look in those manuals, too.
-
-7.3. Which websites should I know?
-
- The two most important ones are the official Gnus website [http://
- www.gnus.org]. and it's sister site my.gnus.org (MGO) [http://
- my.gnus.org], hosting an archive of lisp snippets, howtos, a (not
- really finished) tutorial and this FAQ.
-
- Tell me about other sites which are interesting.
-
-7.4. Which mailing lists and newsgroups are there?
-
- There's the newsgroup gnu.emacs.gnus (pull it from e.g.
- news.gnus.org) which deals with general questions and the ding
- mailing list (ding@gnus.org) dealing with development of Gnus. You
- can read the ding list via NNTP, too under the name gnus.ding from
- news.gnus.org.
-
- If you want to stay in the big8, news.software.newssreaders is also
- read by some Gnus users (but chances for qualified help are much
- better in the above groups) and if you speak German, there's
- de.comm.software.gnus.
-
-7.5. Where to report bugs?
-
- Say M-x gnus-bug, this will start a message to the gnus bug mailing
- list [mailto:bugs@gnus.org] including information about your
- environment which make it easier to help you.
-
-7.6. I need real-time help, where to find it?
-
- Point your IRC client to irc.my.gnus.org channel #mygnus. Don't be
- afraid if people there speak German, they are willing and capable
- of switching to English when people from outside Germany enter.
-
-8. Tuning Gnus
-
-8.1. Starting Gnus is really slow, how to speed it up?
-
- The reason for this could be the way Gnus reads it's active file,
- see the node "The Active File" in the Gnus manual for things you
- might try to speed the process up. An other idea would be to byte
- compile your ~/.gnus (say M-x byte-compile-file RET ~/.gnus RET to
- do it). Finally, if you have require statements in your .gnus, you
- could replace them with eval-after-load, which loads the stuff not
- at startup time, but when it's needed. Say you've got this in your
- ~/.gnus:
-
- (require 'message)
- (add-to-list 'message-syntax-checks '(sender . disabled))
-
-
- then as soon as you start Gnus, message.el is loaded. If you
- replace it with
-
- (eval-after-load "message"
- '(add-to-list 'message-syntax-checks '(sender . disabled)))
-
-
- it's loaded when it's needed.
-
-8.2. How to speed up the process of entering a group?
-
- A speed killer is setting the variable gnus-fetch-old-headers to
- anything different from nil, so don't do this if speed is an issue.
- To speed up building of summary say
-
- (gnus-compile)
-
-
- at the bottom of your ~/.gnus, this will make gnus byte-compile
- things like gnus-summary-line-format. then you could increase the
- value of gc-cons-threshold by saying something like
-
- (setq gc-cons-threshold 3500000)
-
-
- in ~/.emacs. If you don't care about width of CJK characters or use
- Oort Gnus together with a recent GNU Emacs, you should say
-
- (setq gnus-use-correct-string-widths nil)
-
-
- in ~/.gnus (thanks to Jesper harder for the last two suggestions).
- Finally if this also doesn't help, you might want to jump in the
- cold water and try Oort Gnus, there some work has been done to
- speed up summary generation. Read and remember the warnings about
- Oort at the top of this FAQ.
-
-8.3. Sending mail becomes slower and slower, what's up?
-
- The reason could be that you told Gnus to archive the messages you
- wrote by setting gnus-message-archive-group. Try to use a nnml
- group instead of an archive group, this should bring you back to
- normal speed.
+ 8.3. Which websites should I know?
+ 8.4. Which mailing lists and newsgroups are there?
+ 8.5. Where to report bugs?
+ 8.6. I need real-time help, where to find it?
+
+9. Tuning Gnus
+
+ 9.1. Starting Gnus is really slow, how to speed it up?
+ 9.2. How to speed up the process of entering a group?
+ 9.3. Sending mail becomes slower and slower, what's up?
+
+1. Installation FAQ
+
+1.1. What is the latest version of Gnus?
+
+ Jingle please: Gnus 5.10.0 is released, get it while it's hot! As
+ well as the step in version number is rather small, Gnus 5.10 has
+ tons of new features which you shouldn't miss, however if you are
+ cautious, you might prefer to stay with 5.8.8 respectively 5.9
+ (they are basically the same) until some bugfix releases are out.
+
+1.2. What's new in 5.10.0?
+
+ First of all, you should have a look into the file GNUS-NEWS in the
+ toplevel directory of the Gnus tarball, there the most important
+ changes are listed. Here's a short list of the changes I find
+ especially important/interesting:
+
+ * Major rewrite of the Gnus agent, Gnus agent is now active by
+ default.
+
+ Many new article washing functions for dealing with ugly
+ formatted articles.
+
+ Anti Spam features.
+
+ message-utils now included in Gnus.
+
+ New format specifiers for summary lines, e.g. %B for a complex
+ trn-style thread tree.
+
+1.3. Where and how to get Gnus?
+
+ The latest released version of Gnus isn't included in Emacs 21 and
+ until now it also isn't available through the package system of
+ XEmacs 21.4, therefor you should get the Gnus tarball from http://
+ www.gnus.org/dist/gnus.tar.gz [http://www.gnus.org/dist/
+ gnus.tar.gz] or via anonymous FTP from ftp://ftp.gnus.org/pub/gnus/
+ gnus.tar.gz [ftp://ftp.gnus.org/pub/gnus/gnus.tar.gz].
+
+1.4. What to do with the tarball now?
+
+ Untar it via tar xvzf gnus.tar.gz and do the common ./configure;
+ make; make install circle. (under MS-Windows either get the Cygwin
+ environment from http://www.cygwin.com [http://www.cygwin.com]
+ which allows you to do what's described above or unpack the tarball
+ with some packer (e.g. Winace from http://www.winace.com [http://
+ www.winace.com]) and use the batch-file make.bat included in the
+ tarball to install Gnus. If you don't want to (or aren't allowed
+ to) install Gnus system-wide, you can install it in your home
+ directory and add the following lines to your ~/.xemacs/init.el or
+ ~/.emacs:
+
+ (add-to-list 'load-path "/path/to/gnus/lisp")
+ (if (featurep 'xemacs)
+ (add-to-list 'Info-directory-list "/path/to/gnus/texi/")
+ (add-to-list 'Info-default-directory-list "/path/to/gnus/texi/"))
+
+
+ Make sure that you don't have any gnus related stuff before this
+ line, on MS Windows use something like "C:/path/to/lisp" (yes, "/
+ ").
+
+1.5. Which version of Emacs do I need?
+
+ Gnus 5.10.0 requires an Emacs version that is greater than or equal
+ to Emacs 20.3 or XEmacs 20.1.
+
+1.6. How do I run Gnus on both Emacs and XEmacs?
+
+ You can't use the same copy of Gnus in both as the Lisp files are
+ byte-compiled to a format which is different depending on which
+ Emacs did the compilation. Get one copy of Gnus for Emacs and one
+ for XEmacs.
+
+2. Startup / Group buffer
+
+2.1. Every time I start Gnus I get a message "Gnus auto-save file
+ exists. Do you want to read it?", what does this mean and how to
+ prevent it?
+
+ This message means that the last time you used Gnus, it wasn't
+ properly exited and therefor couldn't write its informations to
+ disk (e.g. which messages you read), you are now asked if you want
+ to restore those informations from the auto-save file.
+
+ To prevent this message make sure you exit Gnus via q in group
+ buffer instead of just killing Emacs.
+
+2.2. Gnus doesn't remember which groups I'm subscribed to, what's this?
+
+ You get the message described in the q/a pair above while starting
+ Gnus, right? It's an other symptom for the same problem, so read
+ the answer above.
+
+2.3. How to change the format of the lines in Group buffer?
+
+ You've got to tweak the value of the variable
+ gnus-group-line-format. See the manual node "Group Line
+ Specification" for information on how to do this. An example for
+ this (guess from whose .gnus :-)):
+
+ (setq gnus-group-line-format "%P%M%S[%5t]%5y : %(%g%)\n")
+
+
+2.4. My group buffer becomes a bit crowded, is there a way to sort my
+ groups into categories so I can easier browse through them?
+
+ Gnus offers the topic mode, it allows you to sort your groups in,
+ well, topics, e.g. all groups dealing with Linux under the topic
+ linux, all dealing with music under the topic music and all dealing
+ with scottish music under the topic scottish which is a subtopic of
+ music.
+
+ To enter topic mode, just hit t while in Group buffer. Now you can
+ use T n to create a topic at point and T m to move a group to a
+ specific topic. For more commands see the manual or the menu. You
+ might want to include the %P specifier at the beginning of your
+ gnus-group-line-format variable to have the groups nicely indented.
+
+2.5. How to manually sort the groups in Group buffer? How to sort the
+ groups in a topic?
+
+ Move point over the group you want to move and hit C-k, now move
+ point to the place where you want the group to be and hit C-y.
+
+3. Getting Messages
+
+3.1. I just installed Gnus, started it via M-x gnus but it only says
+ "nntp (news) open error", what to do?
+
+ You've got to tell Gnus where to fetch the news from. Read the
+ documentation for information on how to do this. As a first start,
+ put those lines in ~/.gnus:
+
+ (setq gnus-select-method '(nntp "news.yourprovider.net"))
+ (setq user-mail-address "you@yourprovider.net")
+ (setq user-full-name "Your Name")
+
+
+3.2. I'm working under Windows and have no idea what ~/.gnus means.
+
+ The ~/ means the home directory where Gnus and Emacs look for the
+ configuration files. However, you don't really need to know what
+ this means, it suffices that Emacs knows what it means :-) You can
+ type C-x C-f ~/.gnus RET (yes, with the forward slash, even on
+ Windows), and Emacs will open the right file for you. (It will most
+ likely be new, and thus empty.) However, I'd discourage you from
+ doing so, since the directory Emacs chooses will most certainly not
+ be what you want, so let's do it the correct way. The first thing
+ you've got to do is to create a suitable directory (no blanks in
+ directory name please) e.g. c:\myhome. Then you must set the
+ environment variable HOME to this directory. To do this under Win9x
+ or Me include the line
+
+ SET HOME=C:\myhome
+
+
+ in your autoexec.bat and reboot. Under NT, 2000 and XP, hit
+ Winkey+Pause/Break to enter system options (if it doesn't work, go
+ to Control Panel -> System). There you'll find the possibility to
+ set environment variables, create a new one with name HOME and
+ value C:\myhome, a reboot is not necessary.
+
+ Now to create ~/.gnus, say C-x C-f ~/.gnus RET C-x C-s. in Emacs.
+
+3.3. My news server requires authentication, how to store user name and
+ password on disk?
+
+ Create a file ~/.authinfo which includes for each server a line
+ like this
+
+ machine news.yourprovider.net login YourUserName password YourPassword
+
+ . Make sure that the file isn't readable to others if you work on a
+ OS which is capable of doing so. (Under Unix say
+
+ chmod 600 ~/.authinfo
+
+ in a shell.)
+
+3.4. Gnus seems to start up OK, but I can't find out how to subscribe to
+ a group.
+
+ If you know the name of the group say U name.of.group RET in group
+ buffer (use the tab-completion Luke). Otherwise hit ^ in group
+ buffer, this brings you to the server buffer. Now place point (the
+ cursor) over the server which carries the group you want, hit RET,
+ move point to the group you want to subscribe to and say u to
+ subscribe to it.
+
+3.5. Gnus doesn't show all groups / Gnus says I'm not allowed to post on
+ this server as well as I am, what's that?
+
+ Some providers allow restricted anonymous access and full access
+ only after authorization. To make Gnus send authinfo to those
+ servers append
+
+ force yes
+
+ to the line for those servers in ~/.authinfo.
+
+3.6. I want Gnus to fetch news from several servers, is this possible?
+
+ Of course. You can specify more sources for articles in the
+ variable gnus-secondary-select-methods. Add something like this in
+ ~/.gnus:
+
+ (add-to-list 'gnus-secondary-select-methods '(nntp "news.yourSecondProvider.net"))
+ (add-to-list 'gnus-secondary-select-methods '(nntp "news.yourThirdProvider.net"))
+
+
+3.7. And how about local spool files?
+
+ No problem, this is just one more select method called nnspool, so
+ you want this:
+
+ (add-to-list 'gnus-secondary-select-methods '(nnspool ""))
+
+
+ Or this if you don't want an NNTP Server as primary news source:
+
+ (setq gnus-select-method '(nnspool ""))
+
+
+ Gnus will look for the spool file in /usr/spool/news, if you want
+ something different, change the line above to something like this:
+
+ (add-to-list 'gnus-secondary-select-methods
+ '(nnspool "" (nnspool-directory "/usr/local/myspoolddir")))
+
+
+ This sets the spool directory for this server only. You might have
+ to specify more stuff like the program used to post articles, see
+ the Gnus manual on how to do this.
+
+3.8. OK, reading news works now, but I want to be able to read my mail
+ with Gnus, too. How to do it?
+
+ That's a bit harder since there are many possible sources for mail,
+ many possible ways for storing mail and many different ways for
+ sending mail. The most common cases are these: 1: You want to read
+ your mail from a pop3 server and send them directly to a SMTP
+ Server 2: Some program like fetchmail retrieves your mail and
+ stores it on disk from where Gnus shall read it. Outgoing mail is
+ sent by Sendmail, Postfix or some other MTA. Sometimes, you even
+ need a combination of the above cases.
+
+ However, the first thing to do is to tell Gnus in which way it
+ should store the mail, in Gnus terminology which back end to use.
+ Gnus supports many different back ends, the most commonly used one
+ is nnml. It stores every mail in one file and is therefor quite
+ fast. However you might prefer a one file per group approach if
+ your file system has problems with many small files, the nnfolder
+ back end is then probably the choice for you. To use nnml add the
+ following to ~/.gnus:
+
+ (add-to-list 'gnus-secondary-select-methods '(nnml ""))
+
+
+ As you might have guessed, if you want nnfolder, it's
+
+ (add-to-list 'gnus-secondary-select-methods '(nnfolder ""))
+
+
+ Now we need to tell Gnus, where to get it's mail from. If it's a
+ POP3 server, then you need something like this:
+
+ (eval-after-load "mail-source"
+ '(add-to-list 'mail-sources '(pop :server "pop.YourProvider.net"
+ :user "yourUserName"
+ :password "yourPassword"))
+
+
+ Make sure ~/.gnus isn't readable to others if you store your
+ password there. If you want to read your mail from a traditional
+ spool file on your local machine, it's
+
+ (eval-after-load "mail-source"
+ '(add-to-list 'mail-sources '(file :path "/path/to/spool/file"))
+
+
+ If it's a Maildir, with one file per message as used by postfix,
+ Qmail and (optionally) fetchmail it's
+
+ (eval-after-load "mail-source"
+ '(add-to-list 'mail-sources '(maildir :path "/path/to/Maildir/"
+ :subdirs ("cur" "new")))
+
+
+ And finally if you want to read your mail from several files in one
+ directory, for example because procmail already split your mail,
+ it's
+
+ (eval-after-load "mail-source"
+ '(add-to-list 'mail-sources '(directory :path "/path/to/procmail-dir/"
+ :suffix ".prcml"))
+
+
+ Where :suffix ".prcml" tells Gnus only to use files with the suffix
+ .prcml.
+
+ OK, now you only need to tell Gnus how to send mail. If you want to
+ send mail via sendmail (or whichever MTA is playing the role of
+ sendmail on your system), you don't need to do anything. However,
+ if you want to send your mail to an SMTP Server you need the
+ following in your ~/.gnus
+
+ (setq send-mail-function 'smtpmail-send-it)
+ (setq message-send-mail-function 'smtpmail-send-it)
+ (setq smtpmail-default-smtp-server "smtp.yourProvider.net")
+
+
+3.9. And what about IMAP?
+
+ There are two ways of using IMAP with Gnus. The first one is to use
+ IMAP like POP3, that means Gnus fetches the mail from the IMAP
+ server and stores it on disk. If you want to do this (you don't
+ really want to do this) add the following to ~/.gnus
+
+ (add-to-list 'mail-sources '(imap :server "mail.mycorp.com"
+ :user "username"
+ :pass "password"
+ :stream network
+ :authentication login
+ :mailbox "INBOX"
+ :fetchflag "\\Seen"))
+
+
+ You might have to tweak the values for stream and/or
+ authentification, see the Gnus manual node "Mail Source Specifiers"
+ for possible values.
+
+ If you want to use IMAP the way it's intended, you've got to follow
+ a different approach. You've got to add the nnimap back end to your
+ select method and give the information about the server there.
+
+ (add-to-list 'gnus-secondary-select-methods
+ '(nnimap "Give the baby a name"
+ (nnimap-address "imap.yourProvider.net")
+ (nnimap-port 143)
+ (nnimap-list-pattern "archive.*")))
+
+
+ Again, you might have to specify how to authenticate to the server
+ if Gnus can't guess the correct way, see the Manual Node "IMAP" for
+ detailed information.
+
+3.10. At the office we use one of those MS Exchange servers, can I use
+ Gnus to read my mail from it?
+
+ Offer your administrator a pair of new running shoes for activating
+ IMAP on the server and follow the instructions above.
+
+3.11. Can I tell Gnus not to delete the mails on the server it retrieves
+ via POP3?
+
+ First of all, that's not the way POP3 is intended to work, if you
+ have the possibility, you should use the IMAP Protocol if you want
+ your messages to stay on the server. Nevertheless there might be
+ situations where you need the feature, but sadly Gnus itself has no
+ predefined functionality to do so.
+
+ However this is Gnus county so there are possibilities to achieve
+ what you want. The easiest way is to get an external program which
+ retrieves copies of the mail and stores them on disk, so Gnus can
+ read it from there. On Unix systems you could use e.g. fetchmail
+ for this, on MS Windows you can use Hamster, an excellent local
+ news and mail server.
+
+ The other solution would be, to replace the method Gnus uses to get
+ mail from POP3 servers by one which is capable of leaving the mail
+ on the server. If you use XEmacs, get the package mail-lib, it
+ includes an enhanced pop3.el, look in the file, there's
+ documentation on how to tell Gnus to use it and not to delete the
+ retrieved mail. For GNU Emacs look for the file epop3.el which can
+ do the same (If you know the home of this file, please send me an
+ e-mail). You can also tell Gnus to use an external program (e.g.
+ fetchmail) to fetch your mail, see the info node "Mail Source
+ Specifiers" in the Gnus manual on how to do it.
+
+4. Reading messages
+
+4.1. When I enter a group, all read messages are gone. How to view them
+ again?
+
+ If you enter the group by saying RET in summary buffer with point
+ over the group, only unread and ticked messages are loaded. Say C-u
+ RET instead to load all available messages. If you want only the
+ e.g. 300 newest say C-u 300 RET
+
+ Loading only unread messages can be annoying if you have threaded
+ view enabled, say
+
+ (setq gnus-fetch-old-headers 'some)
+
+
+ in ~/.gnus to load enough old articles to prevent teared threads,
+ replace 'some with t to load all articles (Warning: Both settings
+ enlarge the amount of data which is fetched when you enter a group
+ and slow down the process of entering a group).
+
+ If you already use Gnus 5.10.0, you can say /o N In summary buffer
+ to load the last N messages, this feature is not available in 5.8.8
+
+ If you don't want all old messages, but the parent of the message
+ you're just reading, you can say ^, if you want to retrieve the
+ whole thread the message you're just reading belongs to, A T is
+ your friend.
+
+4.2. How to tell Gnus to show an important message every time I enter a
+ group, even when it's read?
+
+ You can tick important messages. To do this hit u while point is in
+ summary buffer over the message. When you want to remove the mark,
+ hit either d (this deletes the tick mark and set's unread mark) or
+ M c (which deletes all marks for the message).
+
+4.3. How to view the headers of a message?
+
+ Say t to show all headers, one more t hides them again.
+
+4.4. How to view the raw unformatted message?
+
+ Say C-u g to show the raw message g returns to normal view.
+
+4.5. How can I change the headers Gnus displays by default at the top of
+ the article buffer?
+
+ The variable gnus-visible-headers controls which headers are shown,
+ its value is a regular expression, header lines which match it are
+ shown. So if you want author, subject, date, and if the header
+ exists, Followup-To and MUA / NUA say this in ~/.gnus:
+
+ (setq gnus-visible-headers
+ "^\\(From:\\|Subject:\\|Date:\\|Followup-To:\\|X-Newsreader:\\|User-Agent:\\|X-Mailer:\\)")
+
+
+4.6. I'd like Gnus NOT to render HTML-mails but show me the text part if
+ it's available. How to do it?
+
+ Say
+
+ (eval-after-load "mm-decode"
+ '(progn
+ (add-to-list 'mm-discouraged-alternatives "text/html")
+ (add-to-list 'mm-discouraged-alternatives "text/richtext")))
+
+
+ in ~/.gnus. If you don't want HTML rendered, even if there's no
+ text alternative add
+
+ (setq mm-automatic-display (remove "text/html" mm-automatic-display))
+
+
+ too.
+
+4.7. Can I use some other browser than w3 to render my HTML-mails?
+
+ Only if you use Gnus 5.10.0 or younger. In this case you've got the
+ choice between w3, w3m, links, lynx and html2text, which one is
+ used can be specified in the variable mm-text-html-renderer, so if
+ you want links to render your mail say
+
+ (setq mm-text-html-renderer 'links)
+
+
+4.8. Is there anything I can do to make poorly formatted mails more
+ readable?
+
+ Gnus offers you several functions to "wash" incoming mail, you can
+ find them if you browse through the menu, item Article->Washing.
+ The most interesting ones are probably "Wrap long lines" ( W w ),
+ "Decode ROT13" ( W r ) and "Outlook Deuglify" which repairs the
+ dumb quoting used by many users of Microsoft products ( W Y f gives
+ you full deuglify. See W Y C-h or have a look at the menus for
+ other deuglifications). Outlook deuglify is only available since
+ Gnus 5.10.0.
+
+4.9. Is there a way to automatically ignore posts by specific authors or
+ with specific words in the subject? And can I highlight more
+ interesting ones in some way?
+
+ You want Scoring. Scoring means, that you define rules which assign
+ each message an integer value. Depending on the value the message
+ is highlighted in summary buffer (if it's high, say +2000) or
+ automatically marked read (if the value is low, say -800) or some
+ other action happens.
+
+ There are basically three ways of setting up rules which assign the
+ scoring-value to messages. The first and easiest way is to set up
+ rules based on the article you are just reading. Say you're reading
+ a message by a guy who always writes nonsense and you want to
+ ignore his messages in the future. Hit L, to set up a rule which
+ lowers the score. Now Gnus asks you which the criteria for lowering
+ the Score shall be. Hit ? twice to see all possibilities, we want a
+ which means the author (the from header). Now Gnus wants to know
+ which kind of matching we want. Hit either e for an exact match or
+ s for substring-match and delete afterwards everything but the name
+ to score down all authors with the given name no matter which email
+ address is used. Now you need to tell Gnus when to apply the rule
+ and how long it should last, hit e.g. p to apply the rule now and
+ let it last forever. If you want to raise the score instead of
+ lowering it say I instead of L.
+
+ You can also set up rules by hand. To do this say V f in summary
+ buffer. Then you are asked for the name of the score file, it's
+ name.of.group.SCORE for rules valid in only one group or all.Score
+ for rules valid in all groups. See the Gnus manual for the exact
+ syntax, basically it's one big list whose elements are lists again.
+ the first element of those lists is the header to score on, then
+ one more list with what to match, which score to assign, when to
+ expire the rule and how to do the matching. If you find me very
+ interesting, you could e.g. add the following to your all.Score:
+
+ (("references" ("hschmi22.userfqdn.rz-online.de" 500 nil s))
+ ("message-id" ("hschmi22.userfqdn.rz-online.de" 999 nil s)))
+
+
+ This would add 999 to the score of messages written by me and 500
+ to the score of messages which are a (possibly indirect) answer to
+ a message written by me. Of course nobody with a sane mind would do
+ this :-)
+
+ The third alternative is adaptive scoring. This means Gnus watches
+ you and tries to find out what you find interesting and what
+ annoying and sets up rules which reflect this. Adaptive scoring can
+ be a huge help when reading high traffic groups. If you want to
+ activate adaptive scoring say
+
+ (setq gnus-use-adaptive-scoring t)
+
+
+ in ~/.gnus.
+
+4.10. How can I disable threading in some (e.g. mail-) groups, or set
+ other variables specific for some groups?
+
+ While in group buffer move point over the group and hit G c, this
+ opens a buffer where you can set options for the group. At the
+ bottom of the buffer you'll find an item that allows you to set
+ variables locally for the group. To disable threading enter
+ gnus-show-threads as name of variable and nil as value. Hit button
+ done at the top of the buffer when you're ready.
+
+4.11. Can I highlight messages written by me and follow-ups to those?
+
+ Stop those "Can I ..." questions, the answer is always yes in Gnus
+ Country :-). It's a three step process: First we make faces
+ (specifications of how summary-line shall look like) for those
+ postings, then we'll give them some special score and finally we'll
+ tell Gnus to use the new faces. You can find detailed instructions
+ on how to do it on my.gnus.org [http://my.gnus.org/Members/dzimmerm
+ /HowTo%2C2002-07-25%2C1027619165012198456/view]
+
+4.12. The number of total messages in a group which Gnus displays in
+ group buffer is by far to high, especially in mail groups. Is this
+ a bug?
+
+ No, that's a matter of design of Gnus, fixing this would mean
+ reimplementation of major parts of Gnus' back ends. Gnus thinks
+ "highest-article-number - lowest-article-number =
+ total-number-of-articles". This works OK for Usenet groups, but if
+ you delete and move many messages in mail groups, this fails. To
+ cure the symptom, enter the group via C-u RET (this makes Gnus get
+ all messages), then hit M P b to mark all messages and then say B m
+ name.of.group to move all messages to the group they have been in
+ before, they get new message numbers in this process and the count
+ is right again (until you delete and move your mail to other groups
+ again).
+
+4.13. I don't like the layout of summary and article buffer, how to
+ change it? Perhaps even a three pane display?
+
+ You can control the windows configuration by calling the function
+ gnus-add-configuration. The syntax is a bit complicated but
+ explained very well in the manual node "Window Layout". Some
+ popular examples:
+
+ Instead 25% summary 75% article buffer 35% summary and 65% article
+ (the 1.0 for article means "take the remaining space"):
+
+ (gnus-add-configuration '(article (vertical 1.0 (summary .35 point) (article 1.0))))
+
+
+ A three pane layout, Group buffer on the left, summary buffer
+ top-right, article buffer bottom-right:
+
+ (gnus-add-configuration
+ '(article
+ (horizontal 1.0
+ (vertical 25
+ (group 1.0))
+ (vertical 1.0
+ (summary 0.25 point)
+ (article 1.0)))))
+ (gnus-add-configuration
+ '(summary
+ (horizontal 1.0
+ (vertical 25
+ (group 1.0))
+ (vertical 1.0
+ (summary 1.0 point)))))
+
+
+4.14. I don't like the way the Summary buffer looks, how to tweak it?
+
+ You've got to play around with the variable
+ gnus-summary-line-format. It's value is a string of symbols which
+ stand for things like author, date, subject etc. A list of the
+ available specifiers can be found in the manual node "Summary
+ Buffer Lines" and the often forgotten node "Formatting Variables"
+ and it's sub-nodes. There you'll find useful things like
+ positioning the cursor and tabulators which allow you a summary in
+ table form, but sadly hard tabulators are broken in 5.8.8.
+
+ Since 5.10.0, Gnus offers you some very nice new specifiers, e.g.
+ %B which draws a thread-tree and %&user-date which gives you a date
+ where the details are dependent of the articles age. Here's an
+ example which uses both:
+
+ (setq gnus-summary-line-format ":%U%R %B %s %-60=|%4L |%-20,20f |%&user-date; \n")
+
+
+ resulting in:
+
+ :O Re: [Richard Stallman] rfc2047.el | 13 |Lars Magne Ingebrigt |Sat 23:06
+ :O Re: Revival of the ding-patches list | 13 |Lars Magne Ingebrigt |Sat 23:12
+ :R > Re: Find correct list of articles for a gro| 25 |Lars Magne Ingebrigt |Sat 23:16
+ :O \-> ... | 21 |Kai Grossjohann | 0:01
+ :R > Re: Cry for help: deuglify.el - moving stuf| 28 |Lars Magne Ingebrigt |Sat 23:34
+ :O \-> ... | 115 |Raymond Scholz | 1:24
+ :O \-> ... | 19 |Lars Magne Ingebrigt |15:33
+ :O Slow mailing list | 13 |Lars Magne Ingebrigt |Sat 23:49
+ :O Re: `@' mark not documented | 13 |Lars Magne Ingebrigt |Sat 23:50
+ :R > Re: Gnus still doesn't count messages prope| 23 |Lars Magne Ingebrigt |Sat 23:57
+ :O \-> ... | 18 |Kai Grossjohann | 0:35
+ :O \-> ... | 13 |Lars Magne Ingebrigt | 0:56
+
+
+4.15. How to split incoming mails in several groups?
+
+ Gnus offers two possibilities for splitting mail, the easy
+ nnmail-split-methods and the more powerful Fancy Mail Splitting.
+ I'll only talk about the first one, refer to the manual, node
+ "Fancy Mail Splitting" for the latter.
+
+ The value of nnmail-split-methods is a list, each element is a list
+ which stands for a splitting rule. Each rule has the form "group
+ where matching articles should go to", "regular expression which
+ has to be matched", the first rule which matches wins. The last
+ rule must always be a general rule (regular expression .*) which
+ denotes where articles should go which don't match any other rule.
+ If the folder doesn't exist yet, it will be created as soon as an
+ article lands there. By default the mail will be send to all groups
+ whose rules match. If you don't want that (you probably don't
+ want), say
+
+ (setq nnmail-crosspost nil)
+
+
+ in ~/.gnus.
+
+ An example might be better than thousand words, so here's my
+ nnmail-split-methods. Note that I send duplicates in a special
+ group and that the default group is spam, since I filter all mails
+ out which are from some list I'm subscribed to or which are
+ addressed directly to me before. Those rules kill about 80% of the
+ Spam which reaches me (Email addresses are changed to prevent
+ spammers from using them):
+
+ (setq nnmail-split-methods
+ '(("duplicates" "^Gnus-Warning:.*duplicate")
+ ("XEmacs-NT" "^\\(To:\\|CC:\\).*localpart@xemacs.bla.*")
+ ("Gnus-Tut" "^\\(To:\\|CC:\\).*localpart@socha.bla.*")
+ ("tcsh" "^\\(To:\\|CC:\\).*localpart@mx.gw.bla.*")
+ ("BAfH" "^\\(To:\\|CC:\\).*localpart@.*uni-muenchen.bla.*")
+ ("Hamster-src" "^\\(CC:\\|To:\\).*hamster-sourcen@yahoogroups.\\(de\\|com\\).*")
+ ("Tagesschau" "^From: tagesschau <localpart@www.tagesschau.bla>$")
+ ("Replies" "^\\(CC:\\|To:\\).*localpart@Frank-Schmitt.bla.*")
+ ("EK" "^From:.*\\(localpart@privateprovider.bla\\|localpart@workplace.bla\\).*")
+ ("Spam" "^Content-Type:.*\\(ks_c_5601-1987\\|EUC-KR\\|big5\\|iso-2022-jp\\).*")
+ ("Spam" "^Subject:.*\\(This really work\\|XINGA\\|ADV:\\|XXX\\|adult\\|sex\\).*")
+ ("Spam" "^Subject:.*\\(\=\?ks_c_5601-1987\?\\|\=\?euc-kr\?\\|\=\?big5\?\\).*")
+ ("Spam" "^X-Mailer:\\(.*BulkMailer.*\\|.*MIME::Lite.*\\|\\)")
+ ("Spam" "^X-Mailer:\\(.*CyberCreek Avalanche\\|.*http\:\/\/GetResponse\.com\\)")
+ ("Spam" "^From:.*\\(verizon\.net\\|prontomail\.com\\|money\\|ConsumerDirect\\).*")
+ ("Spam" "^Delivered-To: GMX delivery to spamtrap@gmx.bla$")
+ ("Spam" "^Received: from link2buy.com")
+ ("Spam" "^CC: .*azzrael@t-online.bla")
+ ("Spam" "^X-Mailer-Version: 1.50 BETA")
+ ("Uni" "^\\(CC:\\|To:\\).*localpart@uni-koblenz.bla.*")
+ ("Inbox" "^\\(CC:\\|To:\\).*\\(my\ name\\|address@one.bla\\|adress@two.bla\\)")
+ ("Spam" "")))
+
+
+5. Composing messages
+
+5.1. What are the basic commands I need to know for sending mail and
+ postings?
+
+ To start composing a new mail hit m either in Group or Summary
+ buffer, for a posting, it's either a in Group buffer and filling
+ the Newsgroups header manually or a in the Summary buffer of the
+ group where the posting shall be send to. Replying by mail is r if
+ you don't want to cite the author, or import the cited text
+ manually and R to cite the text of the original message. For a
+ follow up to a newsgroup, it's f and F (analog to r and R.
+
+ Enter new headers above the line saying "--text follows this
+ line--", enter the text below the line. When ready hit C-c C-c, to
+ send the message, if you want to finish it later hit C-c C-d to
+ save it in the drafts group, where you can start editing it again
+ by saying D e.
+
+5.2. How to enable automatic word-wrap when composing messages?
+
+ Say
+
+ (add-hook 'message-mode-hook
+ (lambda ()
+ (setq fill-column 72)
+ (turn-on-auto-fill)))
+
+
+ in ~/.gnus. You can reformat a paragraph by hitting M-q (as usual)
+
+5.3. How to set stuff like From, Organization, Reply-To, signature...?
+
+ There are other ways, but you should use posting styles for this.
+ (See below why). This example should make the syntax clear:
+
+ (setq gnus-posting-styles
+ '((".*"
+ (name "Frank Schmitt")
+ (address "me@there.bla")
+ (organization "Hamme net, kren mer och nimmi")
+ (signature-file "~/.signature")
+ ("X-SampleHeader" "foobar")
+ (eval (setq some-variable "Foo bar")))))
+
+
+ The ".*" means that this settings are the default ones (see below),
+ valid values for the first element of the following lists are
+ signature, signature-file, organization, address, name or body. The
+ attribute name can also be a string. In that case, this will be
+ used as a header name, and the value will be inserted in the
+ headers of the article; if the value is `nil', the header name will
+ be removed. You can also say (eval (foo bar)), then the function
+ foo will be evaluated with argument bar and the result will be
+ thrown away.
+
+5.4. Can I set things like From, Signature etc group based on the group
+ I post too?
+
+ That's the strength of posting styles. Before, we used ".*" to set
+ the default for all groups. You can use a regexp like "^gmane" and
+ the following settings are only applied to postings you send to the
+ gmane hierarchy, use ".*binaries" instead and they will be applied
+ to postings send to groups containing the string binaries in their
+ name etc.
+
+ You can instead of specifying a regexp specify a function which is
+ evaluated, only if it returns true, the corresponding settings take
+ effect. Two interesting candidates for this are message-news-p
+ which returns t if the current Group is a newsgroup and the
+ corresponding message-mail-p.
+
+ Note that all forms that match are applied, that means in the
+ example below, when I post to gmane.mail.spam.spamassassin.general,
+ the settings under ".*" are applied and the settings under
+ message-news-p and those under "^gmane" and those under "^gmane\
+ \.mail\\.spam\\.spamassassin\\.general$". Because of this put
+ general settings at the top and specific ones at the bottom.
+
+ (setq gnus-posting-styles
+ '((".*" ;;default
+ (name "Frank Schmitt")
+ (organization "Hamme net, kren mer och nimmi")
+ (signature-file "~/.signature") )
+ ((message-news-p) ;;Usenet news?
+ (address "mySpamTrap@Frank-Schmitt.bla")
+ ("Reply-To" "hereRealRepliesOnlyPlease@Frank-Schmitt.bla") )
+ ((message-mail-p) ;;mail?
+ (address "usedForMails@Frank-Schmitt.bla") )
+ ("^gmane" ;;this is mail, too in fact
+ (address "usedForMails@Frank-Schmitt.net")
+ ("Reply-To" nil) )
+ ("^gmane.mail.spam.spamassassin.general$"
+ (eval (setq mail-envelope-from "Azzrael@rz-online.de"))
+ (address "Azzrael@rz-online.de")) ))
+
+
+5.5. Is there a spell-checker? Perhaps even on-the-fly spell-checking?
+
+ You can use ispell.el to spell-check stuff in Emacs. So the first
+ thing to do is to make sure that you've got either ispell [http://
+ fmg-www.cs.ucla.edu/fmg-members/geoff/ispell.html] or aspell [http:
+ //aspell.sourceforge.net/] installed and in your Path. Then you
+ need ispell.el [http://www.kdstevens.com/~stevens/ispell-page.html]
+ and for on-the-fly spell-checking flyspell.el [http://
+ www-sop.inria.fr/mimosa/personnel/Manuel.Serrano/flyspell/
+ flyspell.html]. Ispell.el is shipped with Gnus Emacs and available
+ through the Emacs package system, flyspell.el is shipped with Emacs
+ and part of XEmacs text-modes package which is available through
+ the package system, so there should be no need to install them
+ manually.
+
+ Ispell.el assumes you use ispell, if you choose aspell say
+
+ (setq ispell-program-name "aspell")
+
+ in your Emacs configuration file.
+
+ If you want your outgoing messages to be spell-checked, say
+
+ (add-hook 'message-send-hook 'ispell-message)
+
+ In your ~/.gnus, if you prefer on-the-fly spell-checking say
+
+ (add-hook 'message-mode-hook (lambda () (flyspell-mode 1)))
+
+5.6. Can I set the dictionary based on the group I'm posting to?
+
+ Yes, say something like
+
+ (add-hook 'gnus-select-group-hook
+ (lambda ()
+ (cond
+ ((string-match
+ "^de\\." (gnus-group-real-name gnus-newsgroup-name))
+ (ispell-change-dictionary "deutsch8"))
+ (t
+ (ispell-change-dictionary "english")))))
+
+
+ in ~/.gnus. Change "^de\\." and "deutsch8" to something that suits
+ your needs.
+
+5.7. Is there some kind of address-book, so I needn't remember all those
+ email addresses?
+
+ There's an very basic solution for this, mail aliases. You can
+ store your mail addresses in a ~/.mailrc file using a simple alias
+ syntax:
+
+ alias al "Al <al@english-heritage.bla>"
+
+
+ Then typing your alias (followed by a space or punctuation
+ character) on a To: or Cc: line in the message buffer will cause
+ gnus to insert the full address for you. See the node "Mail
+ Aliases" in Message (not Gnus) manual for details.
+
+ However, what you really want is the Insidious Big Brother Database
+ bbdb. Get it through the XEmacs package system or from bbdb's
+ homepage [http://bbdb.sourceforge.net/]. Now place the following in
+ ~/.gnus, to activate bbdb for Gnus:
+
+ (require 'bbdb)
+ (bbdb-initialize 'gnus 'message)
+
+
+ Now you probably want some general bbdb configuration, place them
+ in ~/.emacs:
+
+ (require 'bbdb)
+ ;;If you don't live in Northern America, you should disable the
+ ;;syntax check for telephone numbers by saying
+ (setq bbdb-north-american-phone-numbers-p nil)
+ ;;Tell bbdb about your email address:
+ (setq bbdb-user-mail-names
+ (regexp-opt '("Your.Email@here.bla"
+ "Your.other@mail.there.bla")))
+ ;;cycling while completing email addresses
+ (setq bbdb-complete-name-allow-cycling t)
+ ;;No popup-buffers
+ (setq bbdb-use-pop-up nil)
+
+
+ Now you should be ready to go. Say M-x bbdb RET RET to open a bbdb
+ buffer showing all entries. Say c to create a new entry, b to
+ search your BBDB and C-o to add a new field to an entry. If you
+ want to add a sender to the BBDB you can also just hit `:' on the
+ posting in the summary buffer and you are done. When you now
+ compose a new mail, hit TAB to cycle through know recipients.
+
+5.8. Sometimes I see little images at the top of article buffer. What's
+ that and how can I send one with my postings, too?
+
+ Those images are called X-Faces. They are 48*48 pixel b/w pictures,
+ encoded in a header line. If you want to include one in your posts,
+ you've got to convert some image to a X-Face. So fire up some image
+ manipulation program (say Gimp), open the image you want to
+ include, cut out the relevant part, reduce color depth to 1 bit,
+ resize to 48*48 and save as bitmap. Now you should get the compface
+ package from this site [ftp://ftp.cs.indiana.edu:/pub/faces/]. and
+ create the actual X-face by saying
+
+ cat file.xbm | xbm2ikon |compface > file.face
+ cat ./file.face | sed 's/\\/\\\\/g' | sed 's/\"/\\\"/g' > ./file.face.quoted
+
+
+ if you can't use compface, there's an online X-face converter at
+ http://www.dairiki.org/xface/ [http://www.dairiki.org/xface/]. If
+ you use MS Windows, you could also use the WinFace program from
+ http://www.xs4all.nl/~walterln/winface/ [http://www.xs4all.nl/
+ ~walterln/winface/]. Now you only have to tell Gnus to include the
+ X-face in your postings by saying
+
+ (setq message-default-headers
+ (with-temp-buffer
+ (insert "X-Face: ")
+ (insert-file-contents "~/.xemacs/xface")
+ (buffer-string)))
+
+
+ in ~/.gnus.
+
+5.9. Sometimes I accidentally hit r instead of f in newsgroups. Can Gnus
+ warn me, when I'm replying by mail in newsgroups?
+
+ Put this in ~/.gnus:
+
+ (setq gnus-confirm-mail-reply-to-news t)
+
+
+ if you already use Gnus 5.10.0, if you still use 5.8.8 or 5.9 try
+ this instead:
+
+ (defadvice gnus-summary-reply (around reply-in-news activate)
+ (interactive)
+ (when (or (not (gnus-news-group-p gnus-newsgroup-name))
+ (y-or-n-p "Really reply? "))
+ ad-do-it))
+
+
+5.10. How to tell Gnus not to generate a sender header?
+
+ Since 5.10.0 Gnus doesn't generate a sender header by default. For
+ older Gnus' try this in ~/.gnus:
+
+ (eval-after-load "message"
+ '(add-to-list 'message-syntax-checks '(sender . disabled)))
+
+
+5.11. I want gnus to locally store copies of my send mail and news, how
+ to do it?
+
+ You must set the variable gnus-message-archive-group to do this.
+ You can set it to a string giving the name of the group where the
+ copies shall go or like in the example below use a function which
+ is evaluated and which returns the group to use.
+
+ (setq gnus-message-archive-group
+ '((if (message-news-p)
+ "nnml:Send-News"
+ "nnml:Send-Mail")))
+
+
+5.12. People tell me my Message-IDs are not correct, why aren't they and
+ how to fix it?
+
+ The message-ID is an unique identifier for messages you send. To
+ make it unique, Gnus need to know which machine name to put after
+ the "@". If the name of the machine where Gnus is running isn't
+ suitable (it probably isn't at most private machines) you can tell
+ Gnus what to use by saying:
+
+ (defun message-make-message-id()
+ (concat "<"(message-unique-id)"@yourmachine.yourdomain.tld>"))
+
+
+ in ~/.gnus. If you have no idea what to insert for
+ "yourmachine.yourdomain.tld", you've got several choices. You can
+ either ask your provider if he allows you to use something like
+ yourUserName.userfqdn.provider.net, or you can use
+ somethingUnique.yourdomain.tld if you own the domain
+ yourdomain.tld, or you can register at a service which gives
+ private users a FQDN for free, e.g. http://www.stura.tu-freiberg.de
+ /~dlx/addfqdn.html [http://www.stura.tu-freiberg.de/~dlx/
+ addfqdn.html]. (Sorry but this website is in German, if you know of
+ an English one offering the same, drop me a note).
+
+ Finally you can tell Gnus not to generate a Message-ID for News at
+ all (and letting the server do the job) by saying
+
+ (setq message-required-news-headers
+ (remove' Message-ID message-required-news-headers))
+
+
+ you can also tell Gnus not to generate Message-IDs for mail by
+ saying
+
+ (setq message-required-mail-headers
+ (remove' Message-ID message-required-mail-headers))
+
+
+ , however some mail servers don't generate proper Message-IDs, too,
+ so test if your Mail Server behaves correctly by sending yourself a
+ Mail and looking at the Message-ID.
+
+6. Old messages
+
+6.1. How to import my old mail into Gnus?
+
+ The easiest way is to tell your old mail program to export the
+ messages in mbox format. Most Unix mailers are able to do this, if
+ you come from the MS Windows world, you may find tools at http://
+ mbx2mbox.sourceforge.net/ [http://mbx2mbox.sourceforge.net/].
+
+ Now you've got to import this mbox file into Gnus. To do this,
+ create a nndoc group based on the mbox file by saying G f /path/
+ file.mbox RET in Group buffer. You now have read-only access to
+ your mail. If you want to import the messages to your normal Gnus
+ mail groups hierarchy, enter the nndoc group you've just created by
+ saying C-u RET (thus making sure all messages are retrieved), mark
+ all messages by saying M P b and either copy them to the desired
+ group by saying B c name.of.group RET or send them through
+ nnmail-split-methods (respool them) by saying B r.
+
+6.2. How to archive interesting messages?
+
+ If you stumble across an interesting message, say in gnu.emacs.gnus
+ and want to archive it there are several solutions. The first and
+ easiest is to save it to a file by saying O f. However, wouldn't it
+ be much more convenient to have more direct access to the archived
+ message from Gnus? If you say yes, put this snippet by Frank Haun
+ <pille3003@fhaun.de> in ~/.gnus:
+
+ (defun my-archive-article (&optional n)
+ "Copies one or more article(s) to a corresponding `nnml:' group, e.g.
+ `gnus.ding' goes to `nnml:1.gnus.ding'. And `nnml:List-gnus.ding' goes
+ to `nnml:1.List-gnus-ding'.
+
+ Use process marks or mark a region in the summary buffer to archive
+ more then one article."
+ (interactive "P")
+ (let ((archive-name
+ (format
+ "nnml:1.%s"
+ (if (featurep 'xemacs)
+ (replace-in-string gnus-newsgroup-name "^.*:" "")
+ (replace-regexp-in-string "^.*:" "" gnus-newsgroup-name)))))
+ (gnus-summary-copy-article n archive-name)))
+
+
+ You can now say M-x my-archive-article in summary buffer to archive
+ the article under the cursor in a nnml group. (Change nnml to your
+ preferred back end)
+
+ Of course you can also make sure the cache is enabled by saying
+
+ (setq gnus-use-cache t)
+
+
+ then you only have to set either the tick or the dormant mark for
+ articles you want to keep, setting the read mark will remove them
+ from cache.
+
+6.3. How to search for a specific message?
+
+ There are several ways for this, too. For a posting from a Usenet
+ group the easiest solution is probably to ask groups.google.com
+ [http://groups.google.com], if you found the posting there, tell
+ Google to display the raw message, look for the message-id, and say
+ M-^ the@message.id RET in a summary buffer. Since Gnus 5.10.0
+ there's also a Gnus interface for groups.google.com which you can
+ call with G W) in group buffer.
+
+ Another idea which works for both mail and news groups is to enter
+ the group where the message you are searching is and use the
+ standard Emacs search C-s, it's smart enough to look at articles in
+ collapsed threads, too. If you want to search bodies, too try M-s
+ instead. Further on there are the gnus-summary-limit-to-foo
+ functions, which can help you, too.
+
+ Of course you can also use grep to search through your local mail,
+ but this is both slow for big archives and inconvenient since you
+ are not displaying the found mail in Gnus. Here comes nnir into
+ action. Nnir is a front end to search engines like swish-e or
+ swish++ and others. You index your mail with one of those search
+ engines and with the help of nnir you can search trough the indexed
+ mail and generate a temporary group with all messages which met
+ your search criteria. If this sound cool to you get nnir.el from
+ ftp://ls6-ftp.cs.uni-dortmund.de/pub/src/emacs/ [ftp://
+ ls6-ftp.cs.uni-dortmund.de/pub/src/emacs/] or ftp://
+ ftp.is.informatik.uni-duisburg.de/pub/src/emacs/ [ftp://
+ ftp.is.informatik.uni-duisburg.de/pub/src/emacs/]. Instructions on
+ how to use it are at the top of the file.
+
+6.4. How to get rid of old unwanted mail?
+
+ You can of course just mark the mail you don't need anymore by
+ saying # with point over the mail and then say B DEL to get rid of
+ them forever. You could also instead of actually deleting them,
+ send them to a junk-group by saying B m nnml:trash-bin which you
+ clear from time to time, but both are not the intended way in Gnus.
+
+ In Gnus, we let mail expire like news expires on a news server.
+ That means you tell Gnus the message is expirable (you tell Gnus "I
+ don't need this mail anymore") by saying E with point over the mail
+ in summary buffer. Now when you leave the group, Gnus looks at all
+ messages which you marked as expirable before and if they are old
+ enough (default is older than a week) they are deleted.
+
+6.5. I want that all read messages are expired (at least in some
+ groups). How to do it?
+
+ If you want all read messages to be expired (e.g. in mailing lists
+ where there's an online archive), you've got two choices:
+ auto-expire and total-expire. Auto-expire means, that every article
+ which has no marks set and is selected for reading is marked as
+ expirable, Gnus hits E for you every time you read a message.
+ Total-expire follows a slightly different approach, here all
+ article where the read mark is set are expirable.
+
+ To activate auto-expire, include auto-expire in the Group
+ parameters for the group. (Hit G c in summary buffer with point
+ over the group to change group parameters). For total-expire add
+ total-expire to the group-parameters.
+
+ Which method you choose is merely a matter of taste: Auto-expire is
+ faster, but it doesn't play together with Adaptive Scoring, so if
+ you want to use this feature, you should use total-expire.
+
+ If you want a message to be excluded from expiration in a group
+ where total or auto expire is active, set either tick (hit u) or
+ dormant mark (hit u), when you use auto-expire, you can also set
+ the read mark (hit d).
+
+6.6. I don't want expiration to delete my mails but to move them to
+ another group.
+
+ Say something like this in ~/.gnus:
+
+ (setq nnmail-expiry-target "nnml:expired")
+
+
+ (If you want to change the value of nnmail-expiry-target on a per
+ group basis see the question "How can I disable threading in some
+ (e.g. mail-) groups, or set other variables specific for some
+ groups?")
+
+7. Gnus in a dial-up environment
+
+7.1. I don't have a permanent connection to the net, how can I minimize
+ the time I've got to be connected?
+
+ You've got basically two options: Either you use the Gnus Agent
+ (see below) for this, or you can install programs which fetch your
+ news and mail to your local disk and Gnus reads the stuff from your
+ local machine.
+
+ If you want to follow the second approach, you need a program which
+ fetches news and offers them to Gnus, a program which does the same
+ for mail and a program which receives the mail you write from Gnus
+ and sends them when you're online.
+
+ Let's talk about Unix systems first: For the news part, the easiest
+ solution is a small nntp server like Leafnode [http://
+ www.leafnode.org/] or sn [http://infa.abo.fi/~patrik/sn/], of
+ course you can also install a full featured news server like inn
+ [http://www.isc.org/products/INN/]. Then you want to fetch your
+ Mail, popular choices are fetchmail [http://www.catb.org/~esr/
+ fetchmail/] and getmail [http://www.qcc.ca/~charlesc/software/
+ getmail-3.0/]. You should tell those to write the mail to your disk
+ and Gnus to read it from there. Last but not least the mail sending
+ part: This can be done with every MTA like sendmail [http://
+ www.sendmail.org/], postfix [http://www.qmail.org/], exim [http://
+ www.exim.org/] or qmail [http://www.qmail.org/].
+
+ On windows boxes I'd vote for Hamster [http://www.tglsoft.de/],
+ it's a small freeware, open-source program which fetches your mail
+ and news from remote servers and offers them to Gnus (or any other
+ mail and/or news reader) via nntp respectively POP3 or IMAP. It
+ also includes a smtp server for receiving mails from Gnus.
+
+7.2. So what was this thing about the Agent?
+
+ The Gnus agent is part of Gnus, it allows you to fetch mail and
+ news and store them on disk for reading them later when you're
+ offline. It kind of mimics offline newsreaders like e.g. Forte
+ Agent. If you want to use the Agent place the following in ~/.gnus
+ if you are still using 5.8.8 or 5.9 (it's the default since
+ 5.10.0):
+
+ (setq gnus-agent t)
+
+
+ Now you've got to select the servers whose groups can be stored
+ locally. To do this, open the server buffer (that is press ^ while
+ in the group buffer). Now select a server by moving point to the
+ line naming that server. Finally, agentize the server by typing J a
+ . If you make a mistake, or change your mind, you can undo this
+ action by typing J r. When you're done, type 'q' to return to the
+ group buffer. Now the next time you enter a group on a agentized
+ server, the headers will be stored on disk and read from there the
+ next time you enter the group.
+
+7.3. I want to store article bodies on disk, too. How to do it?
+
+ You can tell the agent to automatically fetch the bodies of
+ articles which fulfill certain predicates, this is done in a
+ special buffer which can be reached by saying J c in group buffer.
+ Please refer to the documentation for information which predicates
+ are possible and how exactly to do it.
+
+ Further on you can tell the agent manually which articles to store
+ on disk. There are two ways to do this: Number one: In the summary
+ buffer, process mark a set of articles that shall be stored in the
+ agent by saying # with point over the article and then type J s.
+ The other possibility is to set, again in the summary buffer,
+ downloadable (%) marks for the articles you want by typing @ with
+ point over the article and then typing J u. What's the difference?
+ Well, process marks are erased as soon as you exit the summary
+ buffer while downloadable marks are permanent. You can actually set
+ downloadable marks in several groups then use fetch session ('J s'
+ in the GROUP buffer) to fetch all of those articles. The only
+ downside is that fetch session also fetches all of the headers for
+ every selected group on an agentized server. Depending on the
+ volume of headers, the initial fetch session could take hours.
+
+7.4. How to tell Gnus not to try to send mails / postings while I'm
+ offline?
+
+ All you've got to do is to tell Gnus when you are online (plugged)
+ and when you are offline (unplugged), the rest works automatically.
+ You can toggle plugged/unplugged state by saying J j in group
+ buffer. To start Gnus unplugged say M-x gnus-unplugged instead of
+ M-x gnus. Note that for this to work, the agent must be active.
+
+8. Getting help
+
+8.1. How to find information and help inside Emacs?
+
+ The first stop should be the Gnus manual (Say C-h i d m Gnus RET to
+ start the Gnus manual, then walk through the menus or do a
+ full-text search with s). Then there are the general Emacs help
+ commands starting with C-h, type C-h ? ? to get a list of all
+ available help commands and their meaning. Finally M-x
+ apropos-command lets you search through all available functions and
+ M-x apropos searches the bound variables.
+
+8.2. I can't find anything in the Gnus manual about X (e.g. attachments,
+ PGP, MIME...), is it not documented?
+
+ There's not only the Gnus manual but also the manuals for message,
+ emacs-mime, sieve and pgg. Those packages are distributed with Gnus
+ and used by Gnus but aren't really part of core Gnus, so they are
+ documented in different info files, you should have a look in those
+ manuals, too.
+
+8.3. Which websites should I know?
+
+ The two most important ones are the official Gnus website [http://
+ www.gnus.org]. and it's sister site my.gnus.org (MGO) [http://
+ my.gnus.org], hosting an archive of lisp snippets, howtos, a (not
+ really finished) tutorial and this FAQ.
+
+ Tell me about other sites which are interesting.
+
+8.4. Which mailing lists and newsgroups are there?
+
+ There's the newsgroup gnu.emacs.gnus (pull it from e.g.
+ news.gnus.org) which deals with general questions and the ding
+ mailing list (ding@gnus.org) dealing with development of Gnus. You
+ can read the ding list via NNTP, too under the name gnus.ding from
+ news.gnus.org.
+
+ If you want to stay in the big8, news.software.newssreaders is also
+ read by some Gnus users (but chances for qualified help are much
+ better in the above groups) and if you speak German, there's
+ de.comm.software.gnus.
+
+8.5. Where to report bugs?
+
+ Say M-x gnus-bug, this will start a message to the gnus bug mailing
+ list [mailto:bugs@gnus.org] including information about your
+ environment which make it easier to help you.
+
+8.6. I need real-time help, where to find it?
+
+ Point your IRC client to irc.my.gnus.org channel #mygnus. Don't be
+ afraid if people there speak German, they are willing and capable
+ of switching to English when people from outside Germany enter.
+
+9. Tuning Gnus
+
+9.1. Starting Gnus is really slow, how to speed it up?
+
+ The reason for this could be the way Gnus reads it's active file,
+ see the node "The Active File" in the Gnus manual for things you
+ might try to speed the process up. An other idea would be to byte
+ compile your ~/.gnus (say M-x byte-compile-file RET ~/.gnus RET to
+ do it). Finally, if you have require statements in your .gnus, you
+ could replace them with eval-after-load, which loads the stuff not
+ at startup time, but when it's needed. Say you've got this in your
+ ~/.gnus:
+
+ (require 'message)
+ (add-to-list 'message-syntax-checks '(sender . disabled))
+
+
+ then as soon as you start Gnus, message.el is loaded. If you
+ replace it with
+
+ (eval-after-load "message"
+ '(add-to-list 'message-syntax-checks '(sender . disabled)))
+
+
+ it's loaded when it's needed.
+
+9.2. How to speed up the process of entering a group?
+
+ A speed killer is setting the variable gnus-fetch-old-headers to
+ anything different from nil, so don't do this if speed is an issue.
+ To speed up building of summary say
+
+ (gnus-compile)
+
+
+ at the bottom of your ~/.gnus, this will make gnus byte-compile
+ things like gnus-summary-line-format. then you could increase the
+ value of gc-cons-threshold by saying something like
+
+ (setq gc-cons-threshold 3500000)
+
+
+ in ~/.emacs. If you don't care about width of CJK characters or use
+ Gnus 5.10.0 or younger together with a recent GNU Emacs, you should
+ say
+
+ (setq gnus-use-correct-string-widths nil)
+
+
+ in ~/.gnus (thanks to Jesper harder for the last two suggestions).
+ Finally if you are still using 5.8.8 or 5.9 and experience speed
+ problems with summary buffer generation, you definitely should
+ update to 5.10.0 since there quite some work on improving it has
+ been done.
+
+9.3. Sending mail becomes slower and slower, what's up?
+
+ The reason could be that you told Gnus to archive the messages you
+ wrote by setting gnus-message-archive-group. Try to use a nnml
+ group instead of an archive group, this should bring you back to
+ normal speed.
Glossary
~/.gnus
-
+
When the term ~/.gnus is used it just means your Gnus
configuration file. You might as well call it ~/.gnus.el or
specify another name.
-
+
Back End
-
+
In Gnus terminology a back end is a virtual server, a layer
between core Gnus and the real NNTP-, POP3-, IMAP- or
whatever-server which offers Gnus a standardized interface to
functions like "get message", "get Headers" etc.
-
+
Emacs
-
+
When the term Emacs is used in this FAQ, it means either GNU
Emacs or XEmacs.
-
+
Message
-
+
In this FAQ message means a either a mail or a posting to a
Usenet Newsgroup or to some other fancy back end, no matter of
which kind it is.
-
+
MUA
-
+
MUA is an acronym for Mail User Agent, it's the program you use
to read and write e-mails.
-
+
NUA
-
+
NUA is an acronym for News User Agent, it's the program you use
to read and write Usenet news.
-
+2003-04-21 Reiner Steib <Reiner.Steib@gmx.de>
+
+ * gnus-art.el (gnus-button-url-regexp): Added nntp.
+
+ * message.el (message-generate-headers-first): Default to
+ '(references).
+
+ * gnus-art.el (gnus-mime-delete-part): Require confirmation.
+
+2003-04-21 Jesper Harder <harder@ifa.au.dk>
+
+ * smime.el (smime-decrypt-region): Insert From header.
+
+2003-04-21 Kai Gro\e,A_\e(Bjohann <kai.grossjohann@gmx.net>
+
+ * gnus-fun.el (gnus-face-from-file, gnus-convert-png-to-face):
+ Max length of header is 726, not 740. From Gaute B Strokkenes
+ <gs234@cam.ac.uk>.
+
2003-04-20 Jesper Harder <harder@ifa.au.dk>
* nndb.el, mml1991.el: Fix license template.
Replace it with some information about the removed part."
(interactive)
(gnus-article-check-buffer)
- (let* ((data (get-text-property (point) 'gnus-data))
- (handles gnus-article-mime-handles)
- (none "(none)")
- (description
- (or
- (mail-decode-encoded-word-string (or (mm-handle-description data)
- none))))
- (filename
- (or (mail-content-type-get (mm-handle-disposition data) 'filename)
- none))
- (type (mm-handle-media-type data)))
- (if (mm-multiple-handles gnus-article-mime-handles)
- (error "This function is not implemented"))
- (with-current-buffer (mm-handle-buffer data)
- (let ((bsize (format "%s" (buffer-size))))
- (erase-buffer)
- (insert
- (concat
- "<#part type=text/plain nofile=yes disposition=attachment"
- " description=\"Deleted attachment (" bsize " Byte)\">"
- ",----\n"
- "| The following attachment has been deleted:\n"
- "|\n"
- "| Type: " type "\n"
- "| Filename: " filename "\n"
- "| Size (encoded): " bsize " Byte\n"
- "| Description: " description "\n"
- "`----\n"
- "<#/part>"))
- (setcdr data
- (cdr (mm-make-handle nil `("text/plain"))))))
- (set-buffer gnus-summary-buffer)
- ;; FIXME: maybe some of the following code (borrowed from
- ;; `gnus-mime-save-part-and-strip') isn't necessary?
- (gnus-article-edit-article
- `(lambda ()
- (erase-buffer)
- (let ((mail-parse-charset (or gnus-article-charset
- ',gnus-newsgroup-charset))
- (mail-parse-ignored-charsets
- (or gnus-article-ignored-charsets
- ',gnus-newsgroup-ignored-charsets))
- (mbl mml-buffer-list))
- (setq mml-buffer-list nil)
- (insert-buffer gnus-original-article-buffer)
- (mime-to-mml ',handles)
- (setq gnus-article-mime-handles nil)
- (let ((mbl1 mml-buffer-list))
- (setq mml-buffer-list mbl)
- (set (make-local-variable 'mml-buffer-list) mbl1))
- ;; LOCAL argument of add-hook differs between GNU Emacs
- ;; and XEmacs. make-local-hook makes sure they are local.
- (make-local-hook 'kill-buffer-hook)
- (add-hook 'kill-buffer-hook 'mml-destroy-buffers t t)))
- `(lambda (no-highlight)
- (let ((mail-parse-charset (or gnus-article-charset
- ',gnus-newsgroup-charset))
- (message-options message-options)
- (message-options-set-recipient)
- (mail-parse-ignored-charsets
- (or gnus-article-ignored-charsets
- ',gnus-newsgroup-ignored-charsets)))
- (mml-to-mime)
- (mml-destroy-buffers)
- (remove-hook 'kill-buffer-hook
- 'mml-destroy-buffers t)
- (kill-local-variable 'mml-buffer-list))
- (gnus-summary-edit-article-done
- ,(or (mail-header-references gnus-current-headers) "")
- ,(gnus-group-read-only-p)
- ,gnus-summary-buffer no-highlight))))
+ (unless (and gnus-novice-user
+ (not (gnus-yes-or-no-p
+ "Really delete attachment forever? ")))
+ (let* ((data (get-text-property (point) 'gnus-data))
+ (handles gnus-article-mime-handles)
+ (none "(none)")
+ (description
+ (or
+ (mail-decode-encoded-word-string (or (mm-handle-description data)
+ none))))
+ (filename
+ (or (mail-content-type-get (mm-handle-disposition data) 'filename)
+ none))
+ (type (mm-handle-media-type data)))
+ (if (mm-multiple-handles gnus-article-mime-handles)
+ (error "This function is not implemented"))
+ (with-current-buffer (mm-handle-buffer data)
+ (let ((bsize (format "%s" (buffer-size))))
+ (erase-buffer)
+ (insert
+ (concat
+ "<#part type=text/plain nofile=yes disposition=attachment"
+ " description=\"Deleted attachment (" bsize " Byte)\">"
+ ",----\n"
+ "| The following attachment has been deleted:\n"
+ "|\n"
+ "| Type: " type "\n"
+ "| Filename: " filename "\n"
+ "| Size (encoded): " bsize " Byte\n"
+ "| Description: " description "\n"
+ "`----\n"
+ "<#/part>"))
+ (setcdr data
+ (cdr (mm-make-handle nil `("text/plain"))))))
+ (set-buffer gnus-summary-buffer)
+ ;; FIXME: maybe some of the following code (borrowed from
+ ;; `gnus-mime-save-part-and-strip') isn't necessary?
+ (gnus-article-edit-article
+ `(lambda ()
+ (erase-buffer)
+ (let ((mail-parse-charset (or gnus-article-charset
+ ',gnus-newsgroup-charset))
+ (mail-parse-ignored-charsets
+ (or gnus-article-ignored-charsets
+ ',gnus-newsgroup-ignored-charsets))
+ (mbl mml-buffer-list))
+ (setq mml-buffer-list nil)
+ (insert-buffer gnus-original-article-buffer)
+ (mime-to-mml ',handles)
+ (setq gnus-article-mime-handles nil)
+ (let ((mbl1 mml-buffer-list))
+ (setq mml-buffer-list mbl)
+ (set (make-local-variable 'mml-buffer-list) mbl1))
+ ;; LOCAL argument of add-hook differs between GNU Emacs
+ ;; and XEmacs. make-local-hook makes sure they are local.
+ (make-local-hook 'kill-buffer-hook)
+ (add-hook 'kill-buffer-hook 'mml-destroy-buffers t t)))
+ `(lambda (no-highlight)
+ (let ((mail-parse-charset (or gnus-article-charset
+ ',gnus-newsgroup-charset))
+ (message-options message-options)
+ (message-options-set-recipient)
+ (mail-parse-ignored-charsets
+ (or gnus-article-ignored-charsets
+ ',gnus-newsgroup-ignored-charsets)))
+ (mml-to-mime)
+ (mml-destroy-buffers)
+ (remove-hook 'kill-buffer-hook
+ 'mml-destroy-buffers t)
+ (kill-local-variable 'mml-buffer-list))
+ (gnus-summary-edit-article-done
+ ,(or (mail-header-references gnus-current-headers) "")
+ ,(gnus-group-read-only-p)
+ ,gnus-summary-buffer no-highlight)))))
;; Not in `gnus-mime-save-part-and-strip':
(gnus-article-edit-done)
(gnus-summary-expand-window)
(defcustom gnus-button-url-regexp
(if (string-match "[[:digit:]]" "1") ;; support POSIX?
- "\\b\\(\\(www\\.\\|\\(s?https?\\|ftp\\|file\\|gopher\\|news\\|telnet\\|wais\\|mailto\\|info\\):\\)\\(//[-a-z0-9_.]+:[0-9]*\\)?[-a-z0-9_=!?#$@~%&*+\\/:;.,[:word:]]+[-a-z0-9_=#$@~%&*+\\/[:word:]]\\)"
- "\\b\\(\\(www\\.\\|\\(s?https?\\|ftp\\|file\\|gopher\\|news\\|telnet\\|wais\\|mailto\\|info\\):\\)\\(//[-a-z0-9_.]+:[0-9]*\\)?\\([-a-z0-9_=!?#$@~%&*+\\/:;.,]\\|\\w\\)+\\([-a-z0-9_=#$@~%&*+\\/]\\|\\w\\)\\)")
+ "\\b\\(\\(www\\.\\|\\(s?https?\\|ftp\\|file\\|gopher\\|nntp\\|news\\|telnet\\|wais\\|mailto\\|info\\):\\)\\(//[-a-z0-9_.]+:[0-9]*\\)?[-a-z0-9_=!?#$@~%&*+\\/:;.,[:word:]]+[-a-z0-9_=#$@~%&*+\\/[:word:]]\\)"
+ "\\b\\(\\(www\\.\\|\\(s?https?\\|ftp\\|file\\|gopher\\|nntp\\|news\\|telnet\\|wais\\|mailto\\|info\\):\\)\\(//[-a-z0-9_.]+:[0-9]*\\)?\\([-a-z0-9_=!?#$@~%&*+\\/:;.,]\\|\\w\\)+\\([-a-z0-9_=#$@~%&*+\\/]\\|\\w\\)\\)")
"Regular expression that matches URLs."
:group 'gnus-article-buttons
:type 'regexp)
0 (>= gnus-button-message-level 0) gnus-button-handle-news 3)
("\\b\\(nntp\\|news\\):\\([^>\n\t ]*@[^>)!;:,\n\t ]*\\)" 0 t
gnus-button-handle-news 2)
- ("\\(\\b<\\(url:[>\n\t ]*\\)?\\(news\\|nntp\\):[>\n\t ]*\\(//\\)?\\([^>\n\t ]*\\)>\\)"
+ ("\\(\\b<\\(url:[>\n\t ]*\\)?\\(nntp\\|news\\):[>\n\t ]*\\(//\\)?\\([^>\n\t ]*\\)>\\)"
1 (>= gnus-button-message-level 0) gnus-button-fetch-group 5)
- ("\\b\\(news\\|nntp\\):\\(//\\)?\\([^'\">\n\t ]+\\)"
+ ("\\b\\(nntp\\|news\\):\\(//\\)?\\([^'\">\n\t ]+\\)"
0 (>= gnus-button-message-level 0) gnus-button-fetch-group 3)
("\\bin\\( +article\\| +message\\)? +\\(<\\([^\n @<>]+@[^\n @<>]+\\)>\\)"
2 (>= gnus-button-message-level 0) gnus-button-message-id 3)
0 (>= gnus-button-browse-level 0) browse-url 0)
("^[^:]+:" "\\bmailto:\\([-a-z.@_+0-9%=?]+\\)"
0 (>= gnus-button-message-level 0) gnus-url-mailto 1)
- ("^[^:]+:" "\\(<\\(url: \\)?\\(news\\|nntp\\):\\([^>\n ]*\\)>\\)"
+ ("^[^:]+:" "\\(<\\(url: \\)?\\(nntp\\|news\\):\\([^>\n ]*\\)>\\)"
1 (>= gnus-button-message-level 0) gnus-button-message-id 4))
"*Alist of headers and regexps to match buttons in article heads.
(format gnus-convert-image-to-face-command
(shell-quote-argument (expand-file-name file))
quant)))
- (if (> (length attempt) 740)
+ (if (> (length attempt) 726)
(progn
(setq quant (- quant 2))
(message "Length %d; trying quant %d"
(defun gnus-convert-png-to-face (file)
"Convert FILE to a Face.
FILE should be a PNG file that's 48x48 and smaller than or equal to
-740 bytes."
+726 bytes."
(mm-with-unibyte-buffer
(insert-file-contents file)
- (when (> (buffer-size) 740)
+ (when (> (buffer-size) 726)
(error "The file is %d bytes long, which is too long"
(buffer-size)))
(gnus-face-encode)))
;; create a dependence to `gnus.el'.
:type 'sexp)
-(defcustom message-generate-headers-first nil
+;; FIXME: This should be a temporary workaround until someone implements a
+;; proper solution. If a crash happens while replying, the auto-save file
+;; will *not* have a `References:' header if `message-generate-headers-first'
+;; is nil. See: http://article.gmane.org/gmane.emacs.gnus.general/51138
+(defcustom message-generate-headers-first '(references)
"*If non-nil, generate all required headers before composing.
The variables `message-required-news-headers' and
`message-required-mail-headers' specify which headers to generate.
will not have a visible effect for those headers."
:group 'message-headers
:type '(choice (const :tag "None" nil)
+ (const :tag "References" '(references))
(const :tag "All" t)
(repeat (sexp :tag "Header"))))
(insert-buffer-substring smime-details-buffer)
nil))
+(eval-when-compile
+ (defvar from))
+
(defun smime-decrypt-region (b e keyfile)
"Decrypt S/MIME message in region between B and E with key in KEYFILE.
On success, replaces region with decrypted data and return non-nil.
(delete-file tmpfile)))
(progn
(delete-region b e)
+ (when (boundp 'from)
+ ;; `from' is dynamically bound in mm-dissect.
+ (insert "From: " from "\n"))
(insert-buffer-substring buffer)
(kill-buffer buffer)
t)
+2003-04-22 Jesper Harder <harder@ifa.au.dk>
+
+ * gnus.texi: nil -> @code{nil}
+
+2003-04-22 Reiner Steib <Reiner.Steib@gmx.de>
+
+ * gnus-faq.texi: Allow inclusion in `gnus.texi' again.
+
+2003-04-21 Reiner Steib <Reiner.Steib@gmx.de>
+
+ * gnus-faq.texi: New, the Gnus FAQ from http://my.gnus.org/FAQ.
+ From Frank Schmitt <ich@frank-schmitt.net>.
+
+ * gnus.texi (Server Variables): Added server parameters and index.
+
+2003-04-21 Kai Gro\e,A_\e(Bjohann <kai.grossjohann@gmx.net>
+
+ * gnus.texi (Group Parameters): Pointer to
+ gnus-newsgroup-variables.
+
2003-04-20 Jesper Harder <harder@ifa.au.dk>
* gnus.texi (Summary Buffer Lines): Add
@c Insert "\input texinfo" at 1st line before texing this file alone.
@c -*-texinfo-*-
-@c Copyright (C) 1995, 2001, 2002 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+@c Copyright (C) 1995, 2001, 2003 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
@setfilename gnus-faq.info
+@c Frequently Asked Questions, FAQ - Introduction, Emacs for Heathens, Top
+
@node Frequently Asked Questions
+@comment node-name, next, previous, up
+
+@c @chapter Frequently Asked Questions
@section Frequently Asked Questions
+@c - Uncomment @chapter, comment @section
+@c - run (texinfo-every-node-update)
+@c - revert it.
+
+@menu
+* FAQ - Introduction:: About Gnus and this FAQ.
+* FAQ 1 - Installation:: Installation of Gnus.
+* FAQ 2 - Startup / Group buffer:: Start up questions and the first buffer Gnus shows you.
+* FAQ 3 - Getting messages:: Making Gnus read your mail and news.
+* FAQ 4 - Reading messages:: How to efficiently read messages.
+* FAQ 5 - Composing messages:: Composing mails or Usenet postings.
+* FAQ 6 - Old messages:: Importing, archiving, searching and deleting messages.
+* FAQ 7 - Gnus in a dial-up environment:: Reading mail and news while offline.
+* FAQ 8 - Getting help:: When this FAQ isn't enough.
+* FAQ 9 - Tuning Gnus:: How to make Gnus faster.
+* FAQ - Glossary:: Terms used in the FAQ explained.
+@end menu
+
+
+@subheading Abstract
+
+ This is the new Gnus Frequently Asked Questions list.
+ If you have a Web browser, the official hypertext version is at
+ @uref{http://my.gnus.org/FAQ/,http://my.gnus.org/FAQ/},
+ the Docbook source is available from
+ @uref{http://sourceforge.net/projects/gnus/,http://sourceforge.net}.
+
+
+ Please submit features and suggestions to the
+ @uref{mailto:faq-discuss@@my.gnus.org,FAQ discussion list}.
+ The list is protected against junk mail with
+ @uref{http://smarden.org/qconfirm/index.html,qconfirm}. As
+ a subscriber, your submissions will automatically pass. You can
+ also subscribe to the list by sending a blank email to
+ @uref{mailto:faq-discuss-subscribe@@my.gnus.org,faq-discuss-subscribe@@my.gnus.org}
+ and @uref{http://mail1.kens.com/cgi-bin/ezmlm-browse?command=monthbythread%26list=faq-discuss,browse the archive}.
+
+@node FAQ - Introduction, FAQ 1 - Installation, Frequently Asked Questions, Frequently Asked Questions
+@comment node-name, next, previous, up
+@heading Introduction
+
This is the Gnus Frequently Asked Questions list.
-If you have a Web browser, the official hypertext version is at
-@uref{http://www.ccs.neu.edu/software/contrib/gnus/}, and has
-probably been updated since you got this manual.
+
+Gnus is a Usenet Newsreader and Electronic Mail User Agent implemented
+ as a part of Emacs. It's been around in some form for almost a decade
+ now, and has been distributed as a standard part of Emacs for much of
+ that time. Gnus 5 is the latest (and greatest) incarnation. The
+ original version was called GNUS, and was written by Masanobu UMEDA.
+ When autumn crept up in '94, Lars Magne Ingebrigtsen grew bored and
+ decided to rewrite Gnus.
+
+ Its biggest strength is the fact that it is extremely
+ customizable. It is somewhat intimidating at first glance, but
+ most of the complexity can be ignored until you're ready to take
+ advantage of it. If you receive a reasonable volume of e-mail
+ (you're on various mailing lists), or you would like to read
+ high-volume mailing lists but cannot keep up with them, or read
+ high volume newsgroups or are just bored, then Gnus is what you
+ want.
+
+ This FAQ was maintained by Justin Sheehy until March 2002. He
+ would like to thank Steve Baur and Per Abrahamsen for doing a wonderful
+ job with this FAQ before him. We would like to do the same - thanks,
+ Justin!
+
+
+ If you have a Web browser, the official hypertext version is at:
+ @uref{http://my.gnus.org/FAQ/,http://my.gnus.org/FAQ/}.
+ This version is much nicer than the unofficial hypertext
+ versions that are archived at Utrecht, Oxford, Smart Pages, Ohio
+ State, and other FAQ archives. See the resources question below
+ if you want information on obtaining it in another format.
+
+
+ The information contained here was compiled with the assistance
+ of the Gnus development mailing list, and any errors or
+ misprints are the my.gnus.org team's fault, sorry.
+
+
+@ifnottex
+@node FAQ 1 - Installation, FAQ 2 - Startup / Group buffer, FAQ - Introduction, Frequently Asked Questions
+@end ifnottex
+@section Installation
@menu
-* Installation FAQ:: Installation of Gnus.
-* Customization FAQ:: Customizing Gnus.
-* Reading News FAQ:: News Reading Questions.
-* Reading Mail FAQ:: Mail Reading Questions.
+* [1.1]:: What is the latest version of Gnus?
+* [1.2]:: What's new in 5.10.0?
+* [1.3]:: Where and how to get Gnus?
+* [1.4]:: What to do with the tarball now?
+* [1.5]:: Which version of Emacs do I need?
+* [1.6]:: How do I run Gnus on both Emacs and XEmacs?
@end menu
-@node Installation FAQ
-@subsection Installation
+@ifnottex
+@node [1.1], [1.2], FAQ 1 - Installation, FAQ 1 - Installation
+@end ifnottex
+@subheading Question 1.1:
-@itemize @bullet
-@item
-Q1.1 What is the latest version of Gnus?
+What is the latest version of Gnus?
-The latest (and greatest) version is 5.0.10. You might also run
-across something called @emph{September Gnus}. September Gnus
-is the alpha version of the next major release of Gnus. It is currently
-not stable enough to run unless you are prepared to debug lisp.
+Answer:
-@item
-Q1.2 Where do I get Gnus?
+ Jingle please: Gnus 5.10.0 is released, get it while it's
+ hot! As well as the step in version number is rather
+ small, Gnus 5.10 has tons of new features which you
+ shouldn't miss, however if you are cautious, you might
+ prefer to stay with 5.8.8 respectively 5.9 (they are
+ basically the same) until some bugfix releases are out.
+
+@ifnottex
+@node [1.2], [1.3], [1.1], FAQ 1 - Installation
+@end ifnottex
+@subheading Question 1.2:
-Any of the following locations:
+What's new in 5.10.0?
-@itemize @minus
-@item
-@uref{ftp://ftp.ifi.uio.no/pub/emacs/gnus/gnus.tar.gz}
+Answer:
-@item
-@uref{ftp://ftp.pilgrim.umass.edu/pub/misc/ding/}
+ First of all, you should have a look into the file
+ GNUS-NEWS in the toplevel directory of the Gnus tarball,
+ there the most important changes are listed. Here's a
+ short list of the changes I find especially
+ important/interesting:
+
-@item
-@file{gopher://gopher.pilgrim.umass.edu/11/pub/misc/ding/}
+
-@item
-@uref{ftp://aphrodite.nectar.cs.cmu.edu/pub/ding-gnus/}
+@itemize @bullet{}
@item
-@uref{ftp://ftp.solace.mh.se:/pub/gnu/elisp/}
+ Major rewrite of the Gnus agent, Gnus agent is now
+ active by default.
+
+
+ Many new article washing functions for dealing with
+ ugly formatted articles.
+
+
+ Anti Spam features.
+
+
+ message-utils now included in Gnus.
+
+ New format specifiers for summary lines, e.g. %B for
+ a complex trn-style thread tree.
+
@end itemize
+
+@ifnottex
+@node [1.3], [1.4], [1.2], FAQ 1 - Installation
+@end ifnottex
+@subheading Question 1.3:
+
+Where and how to get Gnus?
+
+Answer:
+
+ The latest released version of Gnus isn't included in
+ Emacs 21 and until now it also isn't available through the
+ package system of XEmacs 21.4, therefor you should get the
+ Gnus tarball from
+ @uref{http://www.gnus.org/dist/gnus.tar.gz,http://www.gnus.org/dist/gnus.tar.gz}
+ or via anonymous FTP from
+ @uref{ftp://ftp.gnus.org/pub/gnus/gnus.tar.gz,ftp://ftp.gnus.org/pub/gnus/gnus.tar.gz}.
+
+@ifnottex
+@node [1.4], [1.5], [1.3], FAQ 1 - Installation
+@end ifnottex
+@subheading Question 1.4:
+
+ What to do with the tarball now?
+
+
+Answer:
+
+ Untar it via @samp{tar xvzf gnus.tar.gz} and do the common
+ @samp{./configure; make; make install} circle.
+ (under MS-Windows either get the Cygwin environment from
+ @uref{http://www.cygwin.com,http://www.cygwin.com}
+ which allows you to do what's described above or unpack the
+ tarball with some packer (e.g. Winace from
+ @uref{http://www.winace.com,http://www.winace.com})
+ and use the batch-file make.bat included in the tarball to install
+ Gnus. If you don't want to (or aren't allowed to) install Gnus
+ system-wide, you can install it in your home directory and add the
+ following lines to your ~/.xemacs/init.el or ~/.emacs:
+
-@item
-Q1.3 Which version of Emacs do I need?
+@example
-At least GNU Emacs 19.28, or XEmacs 19.12 is recommended. GNU Emacs
-19.25 has been reported to work under certain circumstances, but it
-doesn't @emph{officially} work on it. 19.27 has also been reported to
-work. Gnus has been reported to work under OS/2 as well as Unix.
+(add-to-list 'load-path "/path/to/gnus/lisp")
+(if (featurep 'xemacs)
+ (add-to-list 'Info-directory-list "/path/to/gnus/texi/")
+ (add-to-list 'Info-default-directory-list "/path/to/gnus/texi/"))
+
+@end example
+@noindent
+ Make sure that you don't have any gnus related stuff
+ before this line, on MS Windows use something like
+ "C:/path/to/lisp" (yes, "/").
+
+@ifnottex
+@node [1.5], [1.6], [1.4], FAQ 1 - Installation
+@end ifnottex
+@subheading Question 1.5:
+
+Which version of Emacs do I need?
+
+Answer:
+
+ Gnus 5.10.0 requires an Emacs version that is greater
+ than or equal to Emacs 20.3 or XEmacs 20.1.
+
+@ifnottex
+@node [1.6], , [1.5], FAQ 1 - Installation
+@end ifnottex
+@subheading Question 1.6:
+
+How do I run Gnus on both Emacs and XEmacs?
+
+Answer:
+
+ You can't use the same copy of Gnus in both as the Lisp
+ files are byte-compiled to a format which is different
+ depending on which Emacs did the compilation. Get one copy
+ of Gnus for Emacs and one for XEmacs.
+
+@ifnottex
+@node FAQ 2 - Startup / Group buffer, FAQ 3 - Getting messages, FAQ 1 - Installation, Frequently Asked Questions
+@end ifnottex
+@section Startup / Group buffer
-@item
-Q1.4 Where is timezone.el?
+@menu
+* [2.1]:: Every time I start Gnus I get a message "Gnus auto-save file exists. Do you want to read it?", what does this mean and how to prevent it?
+* [2.2]:: Gnus doesn't remember which groups I'm subscribed to, what's this?
+* [2.3]:: How to change the format of the lines in Group buffer?
+* [2.4]:: My group buffer becomes a bit crowded, is there a way to sort my groups into categories so I can easier browse through them?
+* [2.5]:: How to manually sort the groups in Group buffer? How to sort the groups in a topic?
+@end menu
-Upgrade to XEmacs 19.13. In earlier versions of XEmacs this file was
-placed with Gnus 4.1.3, but that has been corrected.
+@ifnottex
+@node [2.1], [2.2], FAQ 2 - Startup / Group buffer, FAQ 2 - Startup / Group buffer
+@end ifnottex
+@subheading Question 2.1:
+
+ Every time I start Gnus I get a message "Gnus auto-save
+ file exists. Do you want to read it?", what does this mean
+ and how to prevent it?
+
+
+Answer:
+
+ This message means that the last time you used Gnus, it
+ wasn't properly exited and therefor couldn't write its
+ informations to disk (e.g. which messages you read), you
+ are now asked if you want to restore those informations
+ from the auto-save file.
+
+
+ To prevent this message make sure you exit Gnus
+ via @samp{q} in group buffer instead of
+ just killing Emacs.
+
+@ifnottex
+@node [2.2], [2.3], [2.1], FAQ 2 - Startup / Group buffer
+@end ifnottex
+@subsection [2.2]
+Question: 2.2
+
+ Gnus doesn't remember which groups I'm subscribed to,
+ what's this?
+
+
+Answer:
+
+ You get the message described in the q/a pair above while
+ starting Gnus, right? It's an other symptom for the same
+ problem, so read the answer above.
+
+@ifnottex
+@node [2.3], [2.4], [2.2], FAQ 2 - Startup / Group buffer
+@end ifnottex
+@subheading Question 2.3:
+
+ How to change the format of the lines in Group buffer?
+
+
+Answer:
+
+ You've got to tweak the value of the variable
+ gnus-group-line-format. See the manual node "Group Line
+ Specification" for information on how to do this. An
+ example for this (guess from whose .gnus :-)):
+
+@example
-@item
-Q1.5 When I run Gnus on XEmacs 19.13 I get weird error messages.
+(setq gnus-group-line-format "%P%M%S[%5t]%5y : %(%g%)\n")
+
+@end example
+
+@ifnottex
+@node [2.4], [2.5], [2.3], FAQ 2 - Startup / Group buffer
+@end ifnottex
+@subheading Question 2.4:
+
+ My group buffer becomes a bit crowded, is there a way to
+ sort my groups into categories so I can easier browse
+ through them?
+
+
+Answer:
+
+ Gnus offers the topic mode, it allows you to sort your
+ groups in, well, topics, e.g. all groups dealing with
+ Linux under the topic linux, all dealing with music under
+ the topic music and all dealing with scottish music under
+ the topic scottish which is a subtopic of music.
+
+
+ To enter topic mode, just hit t while in Group buffer. Now
+ you can use @samp{T n} to create a topic
+ at point and @samp{T m} to move a group to
+ a specific topic. For more commands see the manual or the
+ menu. You might want to include the %P specifier at the
+ beginning of your gnus-group-line-format variable to have
+ the groups nicely indented.
+
+@ifnottex
+@node [2.5], , [2.4], FAQ 2 - Startup / Group buffer
+@end ifnottex
+@subheading Question 2.5:
+
+ How to manually sort the groups in Group buffer? How to
+ sort the groups in a topic?
+
+
+Answer:
+
+ Move point over the group you want to move and
+ hit @samp{C-k}, now move point to the
+ place where you want the group to be and
+ hit @samp{C-y}.
+
+@ifnottex
+@node FAQ 3 - Getting messages, FAQ 4 - Reading messages, FAQ 2 - Startup / Group buffer, Frequently Asked Questions
+@end ifnottex
+@section Getting messages
-You're running an old version of Gnus. Upgrade to at least version
-5.0.4.
+@menu
+* [3.1]:: I just installed Gnus, started it via M-x gnus but it only says "nntp (news) open error", what to do?
+* [3.2]:: I'm working under Windows and have no idea what ~/.gnus means.
+* [3.3]:: My news server requires authentication, how to store user name and password on disk?
+* [3.4]:: Gnus seems to start up OK, but I can't find out how to subscribe to a group.
+* [3.5]:: Gnus doesn't show all groups / Gnus says I'm not allowed to post on this server as well as I am, what's that?
+* [3.6]:: I want Gnus to fetch news from several servers, is this possible?
+* [3.7]:: And how about local spool files?
+* [3.8]:: OK, reading news works now, but I want to be able to read my mail with Gnus, too. How to do it?
+* [3.9]:: And what about IMAP?
+* [3.10]:: At the office we use one of those MS Exchange servers, can I use Gnus to read my mail from it?
+* [3.11]:: Can I tell Gnus not to delete the mails on the server it retrieves via POP3?
+@end menu
+@ifnottex
+@node [3.1], [3.2], FAQ 3 - Getting messages, FAQ 3 - Getting messages
+@end ifnottex
+@subheading Question 3.1:
-@item
-Q1.6 How do I unsubscribe from the Mailing List?
+ I just installed Gnus, started it via
+ @samp{M-x gnus}
+ but it only says "nntp (news) open error", what to do?
+
-Send an e-mail message to @file{ding-request@@ifi.uio.no} with the magic word
-@emph{unsubscribe} somewhere in it, and you will be removed.
+Answer:
-If you are reading the digest version of the list, send an e-mail message
-to @*
-@file{ding-rn-digests-d-request@@moe.shore.net}
-with @emph{unsubscribe} as the subject and you will be removed.
+ You've got to tell Gnus where to fetch the news from. Read
+ the documentation for information on how to do this. As a
+ first start, put those lines in ~/.gnus:
+
+@example
-@item
-Q1.7 How do I run Gnus on both Emacs and XEmacs?
+(setq gnus-select-method '(nntp "news.yourprovider.net"))
+(setq user-mail-address "you@@yourprovider.net")
+(setq user-full-name "Your Name")
+
+@end example
+
+@ifnottex
+@node [3.2], [3.3], [3.1], FAQ 3 - Getting messages
+@end ifnottex
+@subheading Question 3.2:
+
+ I'm working under Windows and have no idea what ~/.gnus means.
+
+
+Answer:
+
+ The ~/ means the home directory where Gnus and Emacs look
+ for the configuration files. However, you don't really
+ need to know what this means, it suffices that Emacs knows
+ what it means :-) You can type
+ @samp{C-x C-f ~/.gnus RET }
+ (yes, with the forward slash, even on Windows), and
+ Emacs will open the right file for you. (It will most
+ likely be new, and thus empty.)
+ However, I'd discourage you from doing so, since the
+ directory Emacs chooses will most certainly not be what
+ you want, so let's do it the correct way.
+ The first thing you've got to do is to
+ create a suitable directory (no blanks in directory name
+ please) e.g. c:\myhome. Then you must set the environment
+ variable HOME to this directory. To do this under Win9x
+ or Me include the line
+
+
+@example
-The basic answer is to byte-compile under XEmacs, and then you can
-run under either Emacsen. There is, however, a potential version
-problem with easymenu.el with Gnu Emacs prior to 19.29.
+SET HOME=C:\myhome
+
+@end example
-Per Abrahamsen <abraham@@dina.kvl.dk> writes :@*
-The internal easymenu.el interface changed between 19.28 and 19.29 in
-order to make it possible to create byte compiled files that can be
-shared between Gnu Emacs and XEmacs. The change is upward
-compatible, but not downward compatible.
-This gives the following compatibility table:
+@noindent
+ in your autoexec.bat and reboot. Under NT, 2000 and XP,
+ hit Winkey+Pause/Break to enter system options (if it
+ doesn't work, go to Control Panel -> System). There you'll
+ find the possibility to set environment variables, create
+ a new one with name HOME and value C:\myhome, a reboot is
+ not necessary.
+
+
+ Now to create ~/.gnus, say
+ @samp{C-x C-f ~/.gnus RET C-x C-s}.
+ in Emacs.
+
+@ifnottex
+@node [3.3], [3.4], [3.2], FAQ 3 - Getting messages
+@end ifnottex
+@subheading Question 3.3:
+
+ My news server requires authentication, how to store
+ user name and password on disk?
+
+
+Answer:
+
+ Create a file ~/.authinfo which includes for each server a line like this
+
@example
-Compiled with: | Can be used with:
-----------------+--------------------------------------
-19.28 | 19.28 19.29
-19.29 | 19.29 XEmacs
-XEmacs | 19.29 XEmacs
+machine news.yourprovider.net login YourUserName password YourPassword
@end example
-If you have Gnu Emacs 19.28 or earlier, or XEmacs 19.12 or earlier, get
-a recent version of auc-menu.el from
-@uref{ftp://ftp.iesd.auc.dk/pub/emacs-lisp/auc-menu.el}, and install it
-under the name easymenu.el somewhere early in your load path.
+@noindent
+.
+ Make sure that the file isn't readable to others if you
+ work on a OS which is capable of doing so. (Under Unix
+ say
+@example
+chmod 600 ~/.authinfo
+@end example
-@item
-Q1.8 What resources are available?
+@noindent
+ in a shell.)
+
+@ifnottex
+@node [3.4], [3.5], [3.3], FAQ 3 - Getting messages
+@end ifnottex
+@subheading Question 3.4:
+
+ Gnus seems to start up OK, but I can't find out how to
+ subscribe to a group.
+
+
+Answer:
+
+ If you know the name of the group say @samp{U
+ name.of.group RET} in group buffer (use the
+ tab-completion Luke). Otherwise hit ^ in group buffer,
+ this brings you to the server buffer. Now place point (the
+ cursor) over the server which carries the group you want,
+ hit @samp{RET}, move point to the group
+ you want to subscribe to and say @samp{u}
+ to subscribe to it.
+
+@ifnottex
+@node [3.5], [3.6], [3.4], FAQ 3 - Getting messages
+@end ifnottex
+@subheading Question 3.5:
+
+ Gnus doesn't show all groups / Gnus says I'm not allowed to
+ post on this server as well as I am, what's that?
+
+
+Answer:
+
+ Some providers allow restricted anonymous access and full
+ access only after authorization. To make Gnus send authinfo
+ to those servers append
+
-There is the newsgroup Gnu.emacs.gnus. Discussion of Gnus 5.x is now
-taking place there. There is also a mailing list, send mail to
-@file{ding-request@@ifi.uio.no} with the magic word @emph{subscribe}
-somewhere in it.
+@example
+force yes
+@end example
+
-@emph{NOTE:} the traffic on this list is heavy so you may not want to be
-on it (unless you use Gnus as your mailer reader, that is). The mailing
-list is mainly for developers and testers.
+@noindent
+ to the line for those servers in ~/.authinfo.
+
+@ifnottex
+@node [3.6], [3.7], [3.5], FAQ 3 - Getting messages
+@end ifnottex
+@subheading Question 3.6:
-Gnus has a home World Wide Web page at@*
-@uref{http://www.ifi.uio.no/~larsi/ding.html}.
+ I want Gnus to fetch news from several servers, is this possible?
+
-Gnus has a write up in the X Windows Applications FAQ at@*
-@uref{http://www.ee.ryerson.ca:8080/~elf/xapps/Q-III.html}.
+Answer:
-The Gnus manual is also available on the World Wide Web. The canonical
-source is in Norway at@*
-@uref{http://www.ifi.uio.no/~larsi/ding-manual/gnus_toc.html}.
+ Of course. You can specify more sources for articles in the
+ variable gnus-secondary-select-methods. Add something like
+ this in ~/.gnus:
+
-There are three mirrors in the United States:
-@enumerate
-@item
-@uref{http://www.miranova.com/gnus-man/}
+@example
-@item
-@uref{http://www.pilgrim.umass.edu/pub/misc/ding/manual/gnus_toc.html}
+(add-to-list 'gnus-secondary-select-methods '(nntp "news.yourSecondProvider.net"))
+(add-to-list 'gnus-secondary-select-methods '(nntp "news.yourThirdProvider.net"))
+
+@end example
+
+@ifnottex
+@node [3.7], [3.8], [3.6], FAQ 3 - Getting messages
+@end ifnottex
+@subheading Question 3.7:
-@item
-@uref{http://www.rtd.com/~woo/gnus/}
+ And how about local spool files?
+
-@end enumerate
+Answer:
-PostScript copies of the Gnus Reference card are available from@*
-@uref{ftp://ftp.cs.ualberta.ca/pub/oolog/gnus/}. They are mirrored at@*
-@uref{ftp://ftp.pilgrim.umass.edu/pub/misc/ding/refcard/} in the
-United States. And@*
-@uref{ftp://marvin.fkphy.uni-duesseldorf.de/pub/gnus/}
-in Germany.
+ No problem, this is just one more select method called
+ nnspool, so you want this:
+
-An online version of the Gnus FAQ is available at@*
-@uref{http://www.miranova.com/~steve/gnus-faq.html}. Off-line formats
-are also available:@*
-ASCII: @uref{ftp://ftp.miranova.com/pub/gnus/gnus-faq}@*
-PostScript: @uref{ftp://ftp.miranova.com/pub/gnus/gnus-faq.ps}.
+@example
+(add-to-list 'gnus-secondary-select-methods '(nnspool ""))
+
+@end example
-@item
-Q1.9 Gnus hangs on connecting to NNTP server
+@noindent
+ Or this if you don't want an NNTP Server as primary news source:
+
-I am running XEmacs on SunOS and Gnus prints a message about Connecting
-to NNTP server and then just hangs.
+@example
-Ben Wing <wing@@netcom.com> writes :@*
-I wonder if you're hitting the infamous @emph{libresolv} problem.
-The basic problem is that under SunOS you can compile either
-with DNS or NIS name lookup libraries but not both. Try
-substituting the IP address and see if that works; if so, you
-need to download the sources and recompile.
+(setq gnus-select-method '(nnspool ""))
+
+@end example
+@noindent
+ Gnus will look for the spool file in /usr/spool/news, if you
+ want something different, change the line above to something like this:
+
-@item
-Q1.10 Mailcrypt 3.4 doesn't work
+@example
-This problem is verified to still exist in Gnus 5.0.9 and Mailcrypt 3.4.
-The answer comes from Peter Arius
-<arius@@immd2.informatik.uni-erlangen.de>.
+(add-to-list 'gnus-secondary-select-methods
+ '(nnspool "" (nnspool-directory "/usr/local/myspoolddir")))
+
+@end example
-I found out that mailcrypt uses
-@code{gnus-eval-in-buffer-window}, which is a macro.
-It seems as if you have
-compiled mailcrypt with plain old GNUS in load path, and the XEmacs byte
-compiler has inserted that macro definition into
-@file{mc-toplev.elc}.
-The solution is to recompile @file{mc-toplev.el} with Gnus 5 in
-load-path, and it works fine.
+@noindent
+ This sets the spool directory for this server only.
+ You might have to specify more stuff like the program used
+ to post articles, see the Gnus manual on how to do this.
+
+@ifnottex
+@node [3.8], [3.9], [3.7], FAQ 3 - Getting messages
+@end ifnottex
+@subheading Question 3.8:
+
+ OK, reading news works now, but I want to be able to read my mail
+ with Gnus, too. How to do it?
+
+
+Answer:
+
+ That's a bit harder since there are many possible sources
+ for mail, many possible ways for storing mail and many
+ different ways for sending mail. The most common cases are
+ these: 1: You want to read your mail from a pop3 server and
+ send them directly to a SMTP Server 2: Some program like
+ fetchmail retrieves your mail and stores it on disk from
+ where Gnus shall read it. Outgoing mail is sent by
+ Sendmail, Postfix or some other MTA. Sometimes, you even
+ need a combination of the above cases.
+
+
+ However, the first thing to do is to tell Gnus in which way
+ it should store the mail, in Gnus terminology which back end
+ to use. Gnus supports many different back ends, the most
+ commonly used one is nnml. It stores every mail in one file
+ and is therefor quite fast. However you might prefer a one
+ file per group approach if your file system has problems with
+ many small files, the nnfolder back end is then probably the
+ choice for you. To use nnml add the following to ~/.gnus:
+
-Steve Baur <steve@@miranova.com> adds :@*
-The problem also manifests itself if neither GNUS 4 nor Gnus 5 is in the
-load-path.
+@example
+(add-to-list 'gnus-secondary-select-methods '(nnml ""))
+
+@end example
-@item
-Q1.11 What other packages work with Gnus?
+@noindent
+ As you might have guessed, if you want nnfolder, it's
+
-@itemize @minus
-@item
-Mailcrypt.
+@example
-Mailcrypt is an Emacs interface to PGP. It works, it installs
-without hassle, and integrates very easily. Mailcrypt can be
-obtained from@*
-@uref{ftp://cag.lcs.mit.edu/pub/patl/mailcrypt-3.4.tar.gz}.
+(add-to-list 'gnus-secondary-select-methods '(nnfolder ""))
+
+@end example
+
-@item
-Tools for Mime.
-
-Tools for Mime is an Emacs MUA interface to MIME. Installation is
-a two-step process unlike most other packages, so you should
-be prepared to move the byte-compiled code somewhere. There
-are currently two versions of this package available. It can
-be obtained from@*
-@uref{ftp://ftp.m17n.org/pub/mule/}.
-Be sure to apply the supplied patch. It works with Gnus through
-version 5.0.9. In order for all dependencies to work correctly
-the load sequence is as follows:
-@lisp
- (load "tm-setup")
- (load "gnus")
- (load "mime-compose")
-@end lisp
-
-@emph{NOTE:} Loading the package disables citation highlighting by
-default. To get the old behavior back, use the @kbd{M-t} command.
+ Now we need to tell Gnus, where to get it's mail from. If
+ it's a POP3 server, then you need something like this:
+
-@end itemize
+@example
-@end itemize
+(eval-after-load "mail-source"
+ '(add-to-list 'mail-sources '(pop :server "pop.YourProvider.net"
+ :user "yourUserName"
+ :password "yourPassword"))
+
+@end example
+@noindent
+ Make sure ~/.gnus isn't readable to others if you store
+ your password there. If you want to read your mail from a
+ traditional spool file on your local machine, it's
+
-@node Customization FAQ
-@subsection Customization
+@example
-@itemize @bullet
-@item
-Q2.1 Custom Edit does not work under XEmacs
+(eval-after-load "mail-source"
+ '(add-to-list 'mail-sources '(file :path "/path/to/spool/file"))
+
+@end example
-The custom package has not been ported to XEmacs.
+@noindent
+ If it's a Maildir, with one file per message as used by
+ postfix, Qmail and (optionally) fetchmail it's
+
+@example
-@item
-Q2.2 How do I quote messages?
+(eval-after-load "mail-source"
+ '(add-to-list 'mail-sources '(maildir :path "/path/to/Maildir/"
+ :subdirs ("cur" "new")))
+
+@end example
-I see lots of messages with quoted material in them. I am wondering
-how to have Gnus do it for me.
+@noindent
+ And finally if you want to read your mail from several files
+ in one directory, for example because procmail already split your
+ mail, it's
+
-This is Gnus, so there are a number of ways of doing this. You can use
-the built-in commands to do this. There are the @kbd{F} and @kbd{R}
-keys from the summary buffer which automatically include the article
-being responded to. These commands are also selectable as @i{Followup
-and Yank} and @i{Reply and Yank} in the Post menu.
+@example
-@kbd{C-c C-y} grabs the previous message and prefixes each line with
-@code{message-indentation-spaces} spaces or @code{message-yank-prefix} if that is
-non-nil, unless you have set your own @code{mail-citation-hook}, which will
-be called to do the job.
+(eval-after-load "mail-source"
+ '(add-to-list 'mail-sources '(directory :path "/path/to/procmail-dir/"
+ :suffix ".prcml"))
+
+@end example
-You might also consider the Supercite package, which allows for pretty
-arbitrarily complex quoting styles. Some people love it, some people
-hate it.
+@noindent
+ Where :suffix ".prcml" tells Gnus only to use files with the
+ suffix .prcml.
+
+ OK, now you only need to tell Gnus how to send mail. If you
+ want to send mail via sendmail (or whichever MTA is playing
+ the role of sendmail on your system), you don't need to do
+ anything. However, if you want to send your mail to an
+ SMTP Server you need the following in your ~/.gnus
+
-@item
-Q2.3 How can I keep my nnvirtual:* groups sorted?
+@example
-How can I most efficiently arrange matters so as to keep my nnvirtual:*
-(etc) groups at the top of my group selection buffer, whilst keeping
-everything sorted in alphabetical order.
+(setq send-mail-function 'smtpmail-send-it)
+(setq message-send-mail-function 'smtpmail-send-it)
+(setq smtpmail-default-smtp-server "smtp.yourProvider.net")
+
+@end example
+
+@ifnottex
+@node [3.9], [3.10], [3.8], FAQ 3 - Getting messages
+@end ifnottex
+@subheading Question 3.9:
-If you don't subscribe often to new groups then the easiest way is to
-first sort the groups and then manually kill and yank the virtuals
-wherever you want them.
+ And what about IMAP?
+
+Answer:
-@item
-Q2.4 Any good suggestions on stuff for an all.SCORE file?
+ There are two ways of using IMAP with Gnus. The first one is
+ to use IMAP like POP3, that means Gnus fetches the mail from
+ the IMAP server and stores it on disk. If you want to do
+ this (you don't really want to do this) add the following to
+ ~/.gnus
+
-Here is a collection of suggestions from the Gnus mailing list.
+@example
-@enumerate
-@item
-From ``Dave Disser'' <disser@@sdd.hp.com>@*
-I like blasting anything without lowercase letters. Weeds out most of
-the make $$ fast, as well as the lame titles like ``IBM'' and ``HP-UX''
-with no further description.
-@lisp
- (("Subject"
- ("^\\(Re: \\)?[^a-z]*$" -200 nil R)))
-@end lisp
+(add-to-list 'mail-sources '(imap :server "mail.mycorp.com"
+ :user "username"
+ :pass "password"
+ :stream network
+ :authentication login
+ :mailbox "INBOX"
+ :fetchflag "\\Seen"))
+
+@end example
-@item
-From ``Peter Arius'' <arius@@immd2.informatik.uni-erlangen.de>@*
-The most vital entries in my (still young) all.SCORE:
-@lisp
-(("xref"
- ("alt.fan.oj-simpson" -1000 nil s))
- ("subject"
- (concat "\\<\\(make\\|fast\\|big\\)\\s-*"
- "\\(money\\|cash\\|bucks?\\)\\>"
- -1000 nil r)
- ("$$$$" -1000 nil s)))
-@end lisp
+@noindent
+ You might have to tweak the values for stream and/or
+ authentification, see the Gnus manual node "Mail Source
+ Specifiers" for possible values.
+
-@item
-From ``Per Abrahamsen'' <abraham@@dina.kvl.dk>@*
-@lisp
-(("subject"
- ;; CAPS OF THE WORLD, UNITE
- ("^..[^a-z]+$" -1 nil R)
- ;; $$$ Make Money $$$ (Try work)
- ("$" -1 nil s)
- ;; I'm important! And I have exclamation marks to prove it!
- ("!" -1 nil s)))
-@end lisp
+ If you want to use IMAP the way it's intended, you've got to
+ follow a different approach. You've got to add the nnimap
+ back end to your select method and give the information
+ about the server there.
+
-@item
-From ``heddy boubaker'' <boubaker@@cenatls.cena.dgac.fr>@*
-I would like to contribute with mine.
-@lisp
-(
- (read-only t)
- ("subject"
- ;; ALL CAPS SUBJECTS
- ("^\\([Rr][Ee]: +\\)?[^a-z]+$" -1 nil R)
- ;; $$$ Make Money $$$
- ("$$" -10 nil s)
- ;; Empty subjects are worthless!
- ("^ *\\([(<]none[>)]\\|(no subject\\( given\\)?)\\)? *$"
- -10 nil r)
- ;; Sometimes interesting announces occur!
- ("ANN?OU?NC\\(E\\|ING\\)" +10 nil r)
- ;; Some people think they're on mailing lists
- ("\\(un\\)?sub?scribe" -100 nil r)
- ;; Stop Micro$oft NOW!!
- ;; ("concat" used to avoid overfull box.)
- (concat "\\(m\\(icro\\)?[s$]\\(oft\\|lot\\)?-?\\)?"
- "wind?\\(ows\\|aube\\|oze\\)?[- ]*"
- "\\('?95\\|NT\\|3[.]1\\|32\\)" -1001 nil r)
- ;; I've nothing to buy
- ("\\(for\\|4\\)[- ]*sale" -100 nil r)
- ;; SELF-DISCIPLINED people
- ("\\[[^a-z0-9 \t\n][^a-z0-9 \t\n]\\]" +100 nil r)
- )
- ("from"
- ;; To keep track of posters from my site
- (".dgac.fr" +1000 nil s))
- ("followup"
- ;; Keep track of answers to my posts
- ("boubaker" +1000 nil s))
- ("lines"
- ;; Some people have really nothing to say!!
- (1 -10 nil <=))
- (mark -100)
- (expunge -1000)
- )
-@end lisp
+@example
-@item
-From ``Christopher Jones'' <cjones@@au.oracle.com>@*
-The sample @file{all.SCORE} files from Per and boubaker could be
-augmented with:
-@lisp
- (("subject"
- ;; No junk mail please!
- ("please ignore" -500 nil s)
- ("test" -500 nil e))
- )
-@end lisp
+(add-to-list 'gnus-secondary-select-methods
+ '(nnimap "Give the baby a name"
+ (nnimap-address "imap.yourProvider.net")
+ (nnimap-port 143)
+ (nnimap-list-pattern "archive.*")))
+
+@end example
-@item
-From ``Brian Edmonds'' <edmonds@@cs.ubc.ca>@*
-Augment any of the above with a fast method of scoring down
-excessively cross posted articles.
-@lisp
- ("xref"
- ;; the more cross posting, the exponentially worse the article
- ("^xref: \\S-+ \\S-+ \\S-+ \\S-+" -1 nil r)
- ("^xref: \\S-+ \\S-+ \\S-+ \\S-+ \\S-+" -2 nil r)
- ("^xref: \\S-+ \\S-+ \\S-+ \\S-+ \\S-+ \\S-+" -4 nil r)
- ("^xref: \\S-+ \\S-+ \\S-+ \\S-+ \\S-+ \\S-+ \\S-+" -8 nil r)
- ("^xref: \\S-+ \\S-+ \\S-+ \\S-+ \\S-+ \\S-+ \\S-+ \\S-+"
- -16 nil r)
- (concat "^xref: \\S-+ \\S-+ \\S-+ \\S-+ \\S-+ \\S-+ \\S-+"
- " \\S-+ \\S-+"
- -32 nil r)
- (concat "^xref: \\S-+ \\S-+ \\S-+ \\S-+ \\S-+ \\S-+ \\S-+"
- " \\S-+ \\S-+ \\S-+" -64 nil r)
- (concat "^xref: \\S-+ \\S-+ \\S-+ \\S-+ \\S-+ \\S-+ \\S-+"
- " \\S-+ \\S-+ \\S-+ \\S-+" -128 nil r)
- (concat "^xref: \\S-+ \\S-+ \\S-+ \\S-+ \\S-+ \\S-+ \\S-+"
- " \\S-+ \\S-+ \\S-+ \\S-+ \\S-+" -256 nil r)
- (concat "^xref: \\S-+ \\S-+ \\S-+ \\S-+ \\S-+ \\S-+ \\S-+"
- " \\S-+" \\S-+ \\S-+ \\S-+ \\S-+ \\S-+" -512 nil r))
-@end lisp
-
-@end enumerate
+@noindent
+ Again, you might have to specify how to authenticate to the
+ server if Gnus can't guess the correct way, see the Manual
+ Node "IMAP" for detailed information.
+
+@ifnottex
+@node [3.10], [3.11], [3.9], FAQ 3 - Getting messages
+@end ifnottex
+@subheading Question 3.10:
+
+ At the office we use one of those MS Exchange servers, can I use
+ Gnus to read my mail from it?
+
+
+Answer:
+
+ Offer your administrator a pair of new running shoes for
+ activating IMAP on the server and follow the instructions
+ above.
+
+@ifnottex
+@node [3.11], , [3.10], FAQ 3 - Getting messages
+@end ifnottex
+@subheading Question 3.11:
+
+ Can I tell Gnus not to delete the mails on the server it
+ retrieves via POP3?
+
+
+Answer:
+
+ First of all, that's not the way POP3 is intended to work,
+ if you have the possibility, you should use the IMAP
+ Protocol if you want your messages to stay on the
+ server. Nevertheless there might be situations where you
+ need the feature, but sadly Gnus itself has no predefined
+ functionality to do so.
+
+
+ However this is Gnus county so there are possibilities to
+ achieve what you want. The easiest way is to get an external
+ program which retrieves copies of the mail and stores them
+ on disk, so Gnus can read it from there. On Unix systems you
+ could use e.g. fetchmail for this, on MS Windows you can use
+ Hamster, an excellent local news and mail server.
+
+
+ The other solution would be, to replace the method Gnus
+ uses to get mail from POP3 servers by one which is capable
+ of leaving the mail on the server. If you use XEmacs, get
+ the package mail-lib, it includes an enhanced pop3.el,
+ look in the file, there's documentation on how to tell
+ Gnus to use it and not to delete the retrieved mail. For
+ GNU Emacs look for the file epop3.el which can do the same
+ (If you know the home of this file, please send me an
+ e-mail). You can also tell Gnus to use an external program
+ (e.g. fetchmail) to fetch your mail, see the info node
+ "Mail Source Specifiers" in the Gnus manual on how to do
+ it.
+
+
+@ifnottex
+@node FAQ 4 - Reading messages, FAQ 5 - Composing messages, FAQ 3 - Getting messages, Frequently Asked Questions
+@end ifnottex
+@section Reading messages
+@menu
+* [4.1]:: When I enter a group, all read messages are gone. How to view them again?
+* [4.2]:: How to tell Gnus to show an important message every time I enter a group, even when it's read?
+* [4.3]:: How to view the headers of a message?
+* [4.4]:: How to view the raw unformatted message?
+* [4.5]:: How can I change the headers Gnus displays by default at the top of the article buffer?
+* [4.6]:: I'd like Gnus NOT to render HTML-mails but show me the text part if it's available. How to do it?
+* [4.7]:: Can I use some other browser than w3 to render my HTML-mails?
+* [4.8]:: Is there anything I can do to make poorly formatted mails more readable?
+* [4.9]:: Is there a way to automatically ignore posts by specific authors or with specific words in the subject? And can I highlight more interesting ones in some way?
+* [4.10]:: How can I disable threading in some (e.g. mail-) groups, or set other variables specific for some groups?
+* [4.11]:: Can I highlight messages written by me and follow-ups to those?
+* [4.12]:: The number of total messages in a group which Gnus displays in group buffer is by far to high, especially in mail groups. Is this a bug?
+* [4.13]:: I don't like the layout of summary and article buffer, how to change it? Perhaps even a three pane display?
+* [4.14]:: I don't like the way the Summary buffer looks, how to tweak it?
+* [4.15]:: How to split incoming mails in several groups?
+@end menu
-@item
-Q2.5 What do I use to yank-through when replying?
+@ifnottex
+@node [4.1], [4.2], FAQ 4 - Reading messages, FAQ 4 - Reading messages
+@end ifnottex
+@subheading Question 4.1:
+
+ When I enter a group, all read messages are gone. How to view them again?
+
+
+Answer:
-You should probably reply and followup with @kbd{R} and @kbd{F}, instead
-of @kbd{r} and @kbd{f}, which solves your problem. But you could try
-something like:
+ If you enter the group by saying
+ @samp{RET}
+ in summary buffer with point over the group, only unread and ticked messages are loaded. Say
+ @samp{C-u RET}
+ instead to load all available messages. If you want only the e.g. 300 newest say
+ @samp{C-u 300 RET}
+
+
+ Loading only unread messages can be annoying if you have threaded view enabled, say
+
@example
-(defconst mail-yank-ignored-headers
- "^.*:"
- "Delete these headers from message when it's inserted in reply.")
+
+(setq gnus-fetch-old-headers 'some)
+
@end example
+
+
+@noindent
+ in ~/.gnus to load enough old articles to prevent teared threads, replace 'some with t to load
+ all articles (Warning: Both settings enlarge the amount of data which is
+ fetched when you enter a group and slow down the process of entering a group).
+
+
+ If you already use Gnus 5.10.0, you can say
+ @samp{/o N}
+ In summary buffer to load the last N messages, this feature is not available in 5.8.8
+
+
+ If you don't want all old messages, but the parent of the message you're just reading,
+ you can say @samp{^}, if you want to retrieve the whole thread
+ the message you're just reading belongs to, @samp{A T} is your friend.
+
+@ifnottex
+@node [4.2], [4.3], [4.1], FAQ 4 - Reading messages
+@end ifnottex
+@subheading Question 4.2:
+
+ How to tell Gnus to show an important message every time I
+ enter a group, even when it's read?
+
+
+Answer:
+
+ You can tick important messages. To do this hit
+ @samp{u} while point is in summary buffer
+ over the message. When you want to remove the mark, hit
+ either @samp{d} (this deletes the tick
+ mark and set's unread mark) or @samp{M c}
+ (which deletes all marks for the message).
+
+@ifnottex
+@node [4.3], [4.4], [4.2], FAQ 4 - Reading messages
+@end ifnottex
+@subheading Question 4.3:
+
+ How to view the headers of a message?
+
+
+Answer:
+
+ Say @samp{t}
+ to show all headers, one more
+ @samp{t}
+ hides them again.
+
+@ifnottex
+@node [4.4], [4.5], [4.3], FAQ 4 - Reading messages
+@end ifnottex
+@subheading Question 4.4:
+
+ How to view the raw unformatted message?
+
+
+Answer:
+
+ Say
+ @samp{C-u g}
+ to show the raw message
+ @samp{g}
+ returns to normal view.
+
+@ifnottex
+@node [4.5], [4.6], [4.4], FAQ 4 - Reading messages
+@end ifnottex
+@subheading Question 4.5:
+
+ How can I change the headers Gnus displays by default at
+ the top of the article buffer?
+
+
+Answer:
+
+ The variable gnus-visible-headers controls which headers
+ are shown, its value is a regular expression, header lines
+ which match it are shown. So if you want author, subject,
+ date, and if the header exists, Followup-To and MUA / NUA
+ say this in ~/.gnus:
+
+@example
-@item
-Q2.6 I don't like the default WWW browser
+(setq gnus-visible-headers
+"^\\(From:\\|Subject:\\|Date:\\|Followup-To:\\|X-Newsreader:\\|User-Agent:\\|X-Mailer:\\)")
+
+@end example
+
+@ifnottex
+@node [4.6], [4.7], [4.5], FAQ 4 - Reading messages
+@end ifnottex
+@subheading Question 4.6:
-Now when choosing an URL Gnus starts up a W3 buffer, I would like it
-to always use Netscape (I don't browse in text-mode ;-).
+ I'd like Gnus NOT to render HTML-mails but show me the
+ text part if it's available. How to do it?
+
-@enumerate
-@item
-Activate `Customize...' from the `Help' menu.
+Answer:
-@item
-Scroll down to the `WWW Browser' field.
+ Say
+
-@item
-Click `mouse-2' on `WWW Browser'.
+@example
-@item
-Select `Netscape' from the pop up menu.
+(eval-after-load "mm-decode"
+ '(progn
+ (add-to-list 'mm-discouraged-alternatives "text/html")
+ (add-to-list 'mm-discouraged-alternatives "text/richtext")))
+
+@end example
-@item
-Press `C-c C-c'
+@noindent
+ in ~/.gnus. If you don't want HTML rendered, even if there's no text alternative add
+
+
+@example
-@end enumerate
+(setq mm-automatic-display (remove "text/html" mm-automatic-display))
+
+@end example
-If you are using XEmacs then to specify Netscape do
-@lisp
- (setq gnus-button-url 'gnus-netscape-open-url)
-@end lisp
+@noindent
+ too.
+
+@ifnottex
+@node [4.7], [4.8], [4.6], FAQ 4 - Reading messages
+@end ifnottex
+@subheading Question 4.7:
+ Can I use some other browser than w3 to render my HTML-mails?
+
-@item
-Q2.7 What, if any, relation is between ``ask-server'' and ``(setq
-gnus-read-active-file 'some)''?
+Answer:
-In order for Gnus to show you the complete list of newsgroups, it will
-either have to either store the list locally, or ask the server to
-transmit the list. You enable the first with
+ Only if you use Gnus 5.10.0 or younger. In this case you've got the
+ choice between w3, w3m, links, lynx and html2text, which
+ one is used can be specified in the variable
+ mm-text-html-renderer, so if you want links to render your
+ mail say
+
-@lisp
- (setq gnus-save-killed-list t)
-@end lisp
+@example
-and the second with
+(setq mm-text-html-renderer 'links)
+
+@end example
+
+@ifnottex
+@node [4.8], [4.9], [4.7], FAQ 4 - Reading messages
+@end ifnottex
+@subheading Question 4.8:
+
+ Is there anything I can do to make poorly formatted mails
+ more readable?
+
+
+Answer:
+
+ Gnus offers you several functions to "wash" incoming mail,
+ you can find them if you browse through the menu, item Article->Washing. The most
+ interesting ones are probably "Wrap long lines" (
+ @samp{W w}
+ ), "Decode ROT13" (
+ @samp{W r}
+ ) and "Outlook Deuglify" which repairs the dumb quoting used
+ by many users of Microsoft products (
+ @samp{W Y f} gives you full deuglify.
+ See @samp{W Y C-h} or
+ have a look at the menus for other deuglifications).
+ Outlook deuglify is only available since Gnus 5.10.0.
+
+@ifnottex
+@node [4.9], [4.10], [4.8], FAQ 4 - Reading messages
+@end ifnottex
+@subheading Question 4.9:
+
+ Is there a way to automatically ignore posts by specific
+ authors or with specific words in the subject? And can I
+ highlight more interesting ones in some way?
+
+
+Answer:
+
+ You want Scoring. Scoring means, that you define rules
+ which assign each message an integer value. Depending on
+ the value the message is highlighted in summary buffer (if
+ it's high, say +2000) or automatically marked read (if the
+ value is low, say -800) or some other action happens.
+
+
+ There are basically three ways of setting up rules which assign
+ the scoring-value to messages. The first and easiest way is to set
+ up rules based on the article you are just reading. Say you're
+ reading a message by a guy who always writes nonsense and you want
+ to ignore his messages in the future. Hit
+ @samp{L}, to set up a rule which lowers the score.
+ Now Gnus asks you which the criteria for lowering the Score shall
+ be. Hit @samp{?} twice to see all possibilities,
+ we want @samp{a} which means the author (the from
+ header). Now Gnus wants to know which kind of matching we want.
+ Hit either @samp{e} for an exact match or
+ @samp{s} for substring-match and delete afterwards
+ everything but the name to score down all authors with the given
+ name no matter which email address is used. Now you need to tell
+ Gnus when to apply the rule and how long it should last, hit e.g.
+ @samp{p} to apply the rule now and let it last
+ forever. If you want to raise the score instead of lowering it say
+ @samp{I} instead of @samp{L}.
+
+
+ You can also set up rules by hand. To do this say @samp{V
+ f} in summary buffer. Then you are asked for the name
+ of the score file, it's name.of.group.SCORE for rules valid in
+ only one group or all.Score for rules valid in all groups. See the
+ Gnus manual for the exact syntax, basically it's one big list
+ whose elements are lists again. the first element of those lists
+ is the header to score on, then one more list with what to match,
+ which score to assign, when to expire the rule and how to do the
+ matching. If you find me very interesting, you could e.g. add the
+ following to your all.Score:
+
-@lisp
- (setq gnus-read-active-file t)
-@end lisp
+@example
-If both are disabled, Gnus will not know what newsgroups exists. There
-is no option to get the list by casting a spell.
+(("references" ("hschmi22.userfqdn.rz-online.de" 500 nil s))
+ ("message-id" ("hschmi22.userfqdn.rz-online.de" 999 nil s)))
+
+@end example
+@noindent
+ This would add 999 to the score of messages written by me
+ and 500 to the score of messages which are a (possibly
+ indirect) answer to a message written by me. Of course
+ nobody with a sane mind would do this :-)
+
+
+ The third alternative is adaptive scoring. This means Gnus
+ watches you and tries to find out what you find
+ interesting and what annoying and sets up rules
+ which reflect this. Adaptive scoring can be a huge help
+ when reading high traffic groups. If you want to activate
+ adaptive scoring say
+
-@item
-Q2.8 Moving between groups is slow.
+@example
-Per Abrahamsen <abraham@@dina.kvl.dk> writes:@*
+(setq gnus-use-adaptive-scoring t)
+
+@end example
-Do you call @code{define-key} or something like that in one of the
-summary mode hooks? This would force Emacs to recalculate the keyboard
-shortcuts. Removing the call should speed up @kbd{M-x gnus-summary-mode
-RET} by a couple of orders of magnitude. You can use
+@noindent
+ in ~/.gnus.
+
+@ifnottex
+@node [4.10], [4.11], [4.9], FAQ 4 - Reading messages
+@end ifnottex
+@subheading Question 4.10:
+
+ How can I disable threading in some (e.g. mail-) groups, or
+ set other variables specific for some groups?
+
+
+Answer:
+
+ While in group buffer move point over the group and hit
+ @samp{G c}, this opens a buffer where you
+ can set options for the group. At the bottom of the buffer
+ you'll find an item that allows you to set variables
+ locally for the group. To disable threading enter
+ gnus-show-threads as name of variable and nil as
+ value. Hit button done at the top of the buffer when
+ you're ready.
+
+@ifnottex
+@node [4.11], [4.12], [4.10], FAQ 4 - Reading messages
+@end ifnottex
+@subheading Question 4.11:
+
+ Can I highlight messages written by me and follow-ups to
+ those?
+
+
+Answer:
+
+ Stop those "Can I ..." questions, the answer is always yes
+ in Gnus Country :-). It's a three step process: First we
+ make faces (specifications of how summary-line shall look
+ like) for those postings, then we'll give them some
+ special score and finally we'll tell Gnus to use the new
+ faces. You can find detailed instructions on how to do it on
+ @uref{http://my.gnus.org/Members/dzimmerm/HowTo%2C2002-07-25%2C1027619165012198456/view,my.gnus.org}
+
+@ifnottex
+@node [4.12], [4.13], [4.11], FAQ 4 - Reading messages
+@end ifnottex
+@subheading Question 4.12:
+
+ The number of total messages in a group which Gnus
+ displays in group buffer is by far to high, especially in
+ mail groups. Is this a bug?
+
+
+Answer:
+
+ No, that's a matter of design of Gnus, fixing this would
+ mean reimplementation of major parts of Gnus'
+ back ends. Gnus thinks "highest-article-number -
+ lowest-article-number = total-number-of-articles". This
+ works OK for Usenet groups, but if you delete and move
+ many messages in mail groups, this fails. To cure the
+ symptom, enter the group via @samp{C-u RET}
+ (this makes Gnus get all messages), then
+ hit @samp{M P b} to mark all messages and
+ then say @samp{B m name.of.group} to move
+ all messages to the group they have been in before, they
+ get new message numbers in this process and the count is
+ right again (until you delete and move your mail to other
+ groups again).
+
+@ifnottex
+@node [4.13], [4.14], [4.12], FAQ 4 - Reading messages
+@end ifnottex
+@subheading Question 4.13:
+
+ I don't like the layout of summary and article buffer, how
+ to change it? Perhaps even a three pane display?
+
+
+Answer:
+
+ You can control the windows configuration by calling the
+ function gnus-add-configuration. The syntax is a bit
+ complicated but explained very well in the manual node
+ "Window Layout". Some popular examples:
+
+
+ Instead 25% summary 75% article buffer 35% summary and 65%
+ article (the 1.0 for article means "take the remaining
+ space"):
+
-@lisp
-(define-key gnus-summary-mode-map KEY COMMAND)
-@end lisp
+@example
-in your @file{.gnus} instead.
+(gnus-add-configuration '(article (vertical 1.0 (summary .35 point) (article 1.0))))
+
+@end example
+
-@end itemize
+ A three pane layout, Group buffer on the left, summary
+ buffer top-right, article buffer bottom-right:
+
+@example
-@node Reading News FAQ
-@subsection Reading News
+(gnus-add-configuration
+ '(article
+ (horizontal 1.0
+ (vertical 25
+ (group 1.0))
+ (vertical 1.0
+ (summary 0.25 point)
+ (article 1.0)))))
+(gnus-add-configuration
+ '(summary
+ (horizontal 1.0
+ (vertical 25
+ (group 1.0))
+ (vertical 1.0
+ (summary 1.0 point)))))
+
+@end example
+
+@ifnottex
+@node [4.14], [4.15], [4.13], FAQ 4 - Reading messages
+@end ifnottex
+@subheading Question 4.14:
+
+ I don't like the way the Summary buffer looks, how to tweak it?
+
+
+Answer:
+
+ You've got to play around with the variable
+ gnus-summary-line-format. It's value is a string of
+ symbols which stand for things like author, date, subject
+ etc. A list of the available specifiers can be found in the
+ manual node "Summary Buffer Lines" and the often forgotten
+ node "Formatting Variables" and it's sub-nodes. There
+ you'll find useful things like positioning the cursor and
+ tabulators which allow you a summary in table form, but
+ sadly hard tabulators are broken in 5.8.8.
+
+
+ Since 5.10.0, Gnus offers you some very nice new specifiers,
+ e.g. %B which draws a thread-tree and %&user-date which
+ gives you a date where the details are dependent of the
+ articles age. Here's an example which uses both:
+
-@itemize @bullet
-@item
-Q3.1 How do I convert my kill files to score files?
+@example
-@samp{ethanb@@ptolemy.astro.washington.edu, Ethan Bradford} write a
-kill-to-score translator. It is available from@*
-@uref{http://baugi.ifi.uio.no/~larsi/ding-various/gnus-kill-to-score.el}.
+(setq gnus-summary-line-format ":%U%R %B %s %-60=|%4L |%-20,20f |%&user-date; \n")
+
+@end example
+@noindent
+ resulting in:
+
-@item
-Q3.2 My news server has a lot of groups, and killing groups is painfully
-slow.
+@example
-Don't do that then. The best way to get rid of groups that should be
-dead is to edit your newsrc directly. This problem will be addressed
-in the near future.
+:O Re: [Richard Stallman] rfc2047.el | 13 |Lars Magne Ingebrigt |Sat 23:06
+:O Re: Revival of the ding-patches list | 13 |Lars Magne Ingebrigt |Sat 23:12
+:R > Re: Find correct list of articles for a gro| 25 |Lars Magne Ingebrigt |Sat 23:16
+:O \-> ... | 21 |Kai Grossjohann | 0:01
+:R > Re: Cry for help: deuglify.el - moving stuf| 28 |Lars Magne Ingebrigt |Sat 23:34
+:O \-> ... | 115 |Raymond Scholz | 1:24
+:O \-> ... | 19 |Lars Magne Ingebrigt |15:33
+:O Slow mailing list | 13 |Lars Magne Ingebrigt |Sat 23:49
+:O Re: `@@' mark not documented | 13 |Lars Magne Ingebrigt |Sat 23:50
+:R > Re: Gnus still doesn't count messages prope| 23 |Lars Magne Ingebrigt |Sat 23:57
+:O \-> ... | 18 |Kai Grossjohann | 0:35
+:O \-> ... | 13 |Lars Magne Ingebrigt | 0:56
+
+@end example
+
+@ifnottex
+@node [4.15], , [4.14], FAQ 4 - Reading messages
+@end ifnottex
+@subheading Question 4.15:
+
+ How to split incoming mails in several groups?
+
+
+Answer:
+
+ Gnus offers two possibilities for splitting mail, the easy
+ nnmail-split-methods and the more powerful Fancy Mail
+ Splitting. I'll only talk about the first one, refer to
+ the manual, node "Fancy Mail Splitting" for the latter.
+
+
+ The value of nnmail-split-methods is a list, each element
+ is a list which stands for a splitting rule. Each rule has
+ the form "group where matching articles should go to",
+ "regular expression which has to be matched", the first
+ rule which matches wins. The last rule must always be a
+ general rule (regular expression .*) which denotes where
+ articles should go which don't match any other rule. If
+ the folder doesn't exist yet, it will be created as soon
+ as an article lands there. By default the mail will be
+ send to all groups whose rules match. If you
+ don't want that (you probably don't want), say
+
+@example
-@item
-Q3.3 How do I use an NNTP server with authentication?
+(setq nnmail-crosspost nil)
+
+@end example
-Put the following into your .gnus:
-@lisp
- (add-hook 'nntp-server-opened-hook 'nntp-send-authinfo)
-@end lisp
+@noindent
+ in ~/.gnus.
+
+ An example might be better than thousand words, so here's
+ my nnmail-split-methods. Note that I send duplicates in a
+ special group and that the default group is spam, since I
+ filter all mails out which are from some list I'm
+ subscribed to or which are addressed directly to me
+ before. Those rules kill about 80% of the Spam which
+ reaches me (Email addresses are changed to prevent spammers
+ from using them):
+
-@item
-Q3.4 Not reading the first article.
+@example
-How do I avoid reading the first article when a group is selected?
+(setq nnmail-split-methods
+ '(("duplicates" "^Gnus-Warning:.*duplicate")
+ ("XEmacs-NT" "^\\(To:\\|CC:\\).*localpart@@xemacs.bla.*")
+ ("Gnus-Tut" "^\\(To:\\|CC:\\).*localpart@@socha.bla.*")
+ ("tcsh" "^\\(To:\\|CC:\\).*localpart@@mx.gw.bla.*")
+ ("BAfH" "^\\(To:\\|CC:\\).*localpart@@.*uni-muenchen.bla.*")
+ ("Hamster-src" "^\\(CC:\\|To:\\).*hamster-sourcen@@yahoogroups.\\(de\\|com\\).*")
+ ("Tagesschau" "^From: tagesschau <localpart@@www.tagesschau.bla>$")
+ ("Replies" "^\\(CC:\\|To:\\).*localpart@@Frank-Schmitt.bla.*")
+ ("EK" "^From:.*\\(localpart@@privateprovider.bla\\|localpart@@workplace.bla\\).*")
+ ("Spam" "^Content-Type:.*\\(ks_c_5601-1987\\|EUC-KR\\|big5\\|iso-2022-jp\\).*")
+ ("Spam" "^Subject:.*\\(This really work\\|XINGA\\|ADV:\\|XXX\\|adult\\|sex\\).*")
+ ("Spam" "^Subject:.*\\(\=\?ks_c_5601-1987\?\\|\=\?euc-kr\?\\|\=\?big5\?\\).*")
+ ("Spam" "^X-Mailer:\\(.*BulkMailer.*\\|.*MIME::Lite.*\\|\\)")
+ ("Spam" "^X-Mailer:\\(.*CyberCreek Avalanche\\|.*http\:\/\/GetResponse\.com\\)")
+ ("Spam" "^From:.*\\(verizon\.net\\|prontomail\.com\\|money\\|ConsumerDirect\\).*")
+ ("Spam" "^Delivered-To: GMX delivery to spamtrap@@gmx.bla$")
+ ("Spam" "^Received: from link2buy.com")
+ ("Spam" "^CC: .*azzrael@@t-online.bla")
+ ("Spam" "^X-Mailer-Version: 1.50 BETA")
+ ("Uni" "^\\(CC:\\|To:\\).*localpart@@uni-koblenz.bla.*")
+ ("Inbox" "^\\(CC:\\|To:\\).*\\(my\ name\\|address@@one.bla\\|adress@@two.bla\\)")
+ ("Spam" "")))
+
+@end example
+
-@enumerate
-@item
-Use @kbd{RET} to select the group instead of @kbd{SPC}.
+@ifnottex
+@node FAQ 5 - Composing messages, FAQ 6 - Old messages, FAQ 4 - Reading messages, Frequently Asked Questions
+@end ifnottex
+@section Composing messages
-@item
-@code{(setq gnus-auto-select first nil)}
+@menu
+* [5.1]:: What are the basic commands I need to know for sending mail and postings?
+* [5.2]:: How to enable automatic word-wrap when composing messages?
+* [5.3]:: How to set stuff like From, Organization, Reply-To, signature...?
+* [5.4]:: Can I set things like From, Signature etc group based on the group I post too?
+* [5.5]:: Is there a spell-checker? Perhaps even on-the-fly spell-checking?
+* [5.6]:: Can I set the dictionary based on the group I'm posting to?
+* [5.7]:: Is there some kind of address-book, so I needn't remember all those email addresses?
+* [5.8]:: Sometimes I see little images at the top of article buffer. What's that and how can I send one with my postings, too?
+* [5.9]:: Sometimes I accidentally hit r instead of f in newsgroups. Can Gnus warn me, when I'm replying by mail in newsgroups?
+* [5.10]:: How to tell Gnus not to generate a sender header?
+* [5.11]:: I want gnus to locally store copies of my send mail and news, how to do it?
+* [5.12]:: People tell me my Message-IDs are not correct, why aren't they and how to fix it?
+@end menu
-@item
-Luis Fernandes <elf@@mailhost.ee.ryerson.ca>writes:@*
-This is what I use...customize as necessary...
+@ifnottex
+@node [5.1], [5.2], FAQ 5 - Composing messages, FAQ 5 - Composing messages
+@end ifnottex
+@subheading Question 5.1:
+
+ What are the basic commands I need to know for sending mail and postings?
+
+
+Answer:
+
+ To start composing a new mail hit @samp{m}
+ either in Group or Summary buffer, for a posting, it's
+ either @samp{a} in Group buffer and
+ filling the Newsgroups header manually
+ or @samp{a} in the Summary buffer of the
+ group where the posting shall be send to. Replying by mail
+ is
+ @samp{r} if you don't want to cite the
+ author, or import the cited text manually and
+ @samp{R} to cite the text of the original
+ message. For a follow up to a newsgroup, it's
+ @samp{f} and @samp{F}
+ (analog to @samp{r} and
+ @samp{R}.
+
+
+ Enter new headers above the line saying "--text follows
+ this line--", enter the text below the line. When ready
+ hit @samp{C-c C-c}, to send the message,
+ if you want to finish it later hit @samp{C-c
+ C-d} to save it in the drafts group, where you
+ can start editing it again by saying @samp{D
+ e}.
+
+@ifnottex
+@node [5.2], [5.3], [5.1], FAQ 5 - Composing messages
+@end ifnottex
+@subheading Question 5.2:
+
+ How to enable automatic word-wrap when composing messages?
+
+
+Answer:
+
+ Say
+
+
+@example
+
+(add-hook 'message-mode-hook
+ (lambda ()
+ (setq fill-column 72)
+ (turn-on-auto-fill)))
+
+@end example
+
+@noindent
+ in ~/.gnus. You can reformat a paragraph by hitting
+ @samp{M-q} (as usual)
+
+@ifnottex
+@node [5.3], [5.4], [5.2], FAQ 5 - Composing messages
+@end ifnottex
+@subheading Question 5.3:
+
+ How to set stuff like From, Organization, Reply-To, signature...?
+
+
+Answer:
+
+ There are other ways, but you should use posting styles
+ for this. (See below why).
+ This example should make the syntax clear:
+
+
+@example
+
+(setq gnus-posting-styles
+ '((".*"
+ (name "Frank Schmitt")
+ (address "me@@there.bla")
+ (organization "Hamme net, kren mer och nimmi")
+ (signature-file "~/.signature")
+ ("X-SampleHeader" "foobar")
+ (eval (setq some-variable "Foo bar")))))
+
+@end example
+
+@noindent
+ The ".*" means that this settings are the default ones
+ (see below), valid values for the first element of the
+ following lists are signature, signature-file,
+ organization, address, name or body. The attribute name
+ can also be a string. In that case, this will be used as
+ a header name, and the value will be inserted in the
+ headers of the article; if the value is `nil', the header
+ name will be removed. You can also say (eval (foo bar)),
+ then the function foo will be evaluated with argument bar
+ and the result will be thrown away.
+
+@ifnottex
+@node [5.4], [5.5], [5.3], FAQ 5 - Composing messages
+@end ifnottex
+@subheading Question 5.4:
+
+ Can I set things like From, Signature etc group based on the group I post too?
+
+
+Answer:
+
+ That's the strength of posting styles. Before, we used ".*"
+ to set the default for all groups. You can use a regexp
+ like "^gmane" and the following settings are only applied
+ to postings you send to the gmane hierarchy, use
+ ".*binaries" instead and they will be applied to postings
+ send to groups containing the string binaries in their
+ name etc.
+
+
+ You can instead of specifying a regexp specify a function
+ which is evaluated, only if it returns true, the
+ corresponding settings take effect. Two interesting
+ candidates for this are message-news-p which returns t if
+ the current Group is a newsgroup and the corresponding
+ message-mail-p.
+
+
+ Note that all forms that match are applied, that means in
+ the example below, when I post to
+ gmane.mail.spam.spamassassin.general, the settings under
+ ".*" are applied and the settings under message-news-p and
+ those under "^gmane" and those under
+ "^gmane\\.mail\\.spam\\.spamassassin\\.general$". Because
+ of this put general settings at the top and specific ones
+ at the bottom.
+
+
+@example
+
+(setq gnus-posting-styles
+ '((".*" ;;default
+ (name "Frank Schmitt")
+ (organization "Hamme net, kren mer och nimmi")
+ (signature-file "~/.signature") )
+ ((message-news-p) ;;Usenet news?
+ (address "mySpamTrap@@Frank-Schmitt.bla")
+ ("Reply-To" "hereRealRepliesOnlyPlease@@Frank-Schmitt.bla") )
+ ((message-mail-p) ;;mail?
+ (address "usedForMails@@Frank-Schmitt.bla") )
+ ("^gmane" ;;this is mail, too in fact
+ (address "usedForMails@@Frank-Schmitt.net")
+ ("Reply-To" nil) )
+ ("^gmane.mail.spam.spamassassin.general$"
+ (eval (setq mail-envelope-from "Azzrael@@rz-online.de"))
+ (address "Azzrael@@rz-online.de")) ))
+
+@end example
+
+@ifnottex
+@node [5.5], [5.6], [5.4], FAQ 5 - Composing messages
+@end ifnottex
+@subheading Question 5.5:
+
+ Is there a spell-checker? Perhaps even on-the-fly spell-checking?
+
+
+Answer:
+
+ You can use ispell.el to spell-check stuff in Emacs. So the
+ first thing to do is to make sure that you've got either
+ @uref{http://fmg-www.cs.ucla.edu/fmg-members/geoff/ispell.html,ispell}
+ or @uref{http://aspell.sourceforge.net/,aspell}
+ installed and in your Path. Then you need
+ @uref{http://www.kdstevens.com/~stevens/ispell-page.html,ispell.el}
+ and for on-the-fly spell-checking
+ @uref{http://www-sop.inria.fr/mimosa/personnel/Manuel.Serrano/flyspell/flyspell.html,flyspell.el}.
+ Ispell.el is shipped with Gnus Emacs and available through the Emacs package system,
+ flyspell.el is shipped with Emacs and part of XEmacs text-modes package which is
+ available through the package system, so there should be no need to install them
+ manually.
+
+
+ Ispell.el assumes you use ispell, if you choose aspell say
+
+
+@example
+(setq ispell-program-name "aspell")
+@end example
+
+
+@noindent
+ in your Emacs configuration file.
+
+
+ If you want your outgoing messages to be spell-checked, say
+
+
+@example
+(add-hook 'message-send-hook 'ispell-message)
+@end example
+
+@noindent
+ In your ~/.gnus, if you prefer on-the-fly spell-checking say
+
+
+@example
+(add-hook 'message-mode-hook (lambda () (flyspell-mode 1)))
+@end example
+
+@ifnottex
+@node [5.6], [5.7], [5.5], FAQ 5 - Composing messages
+@end ifnottex
+@subheading Question 5.6:
+
+ Can I set the dictionary based on the group I'm posting to?
+
+
+Answer:
+
+ Yes, say something like
+
+
+@example
-@lisp
-;;; Don't auto-select first article if reading sources, or
-;;; archives or jobs postings, etc. and just display the
-;;; summary buffer
(add-hook 'gnus-select-group-hook
- (function
- (lambda ()
- (cond ((string-match "sources" gnus-newsgroup-name)
- (setq gnus-auto-select-first nil))
- ((string-match "jobs" gnus-newsgroup-name)
- (setq gnus-auto-select-first nil))
- ((string-match "comp\\.archives" gnus-newsgroup-name)
- (setq gnus-auto-select-first nil))
- ((string-match "reviews" gnus-newsgroup-name)
- (setq gnus-auto-select-first nil))
- ((string-match "announce" gnus-newsgroup-name)
- (setq gnus-auto-select-first nil))
- ((string-match "binaries" gnus-newsgroup-name)
- (setq gnus-auto-select-first nil))
- (t
- (setq gnus-auto-select-first t))))))
-@end lisp
+ (lambda ()
+ (cond
+ ((string-match
+ "^de\\." (gnus-group-real-name gnus-newsgroup-name))
+ (ispell-change-dictionary "deutsch8"))
+ (t
+ (ispell-change-dictionary "english")))))
+
+@end example
+
-@item
-Per Abrahamsen <abraham@@dina.kvl.dk> writes:@*
-Another possibility is to create an @file{all.binaries.all.SCORE} file
-like this:
+@noindent
+ in ~/.gnus. Change "^de\\." and "deutsch8" to something
+ that suits your needs.
+
+@ifnottex
+@node [5.7], [5.8], [5.6], FAQ 5 - Composing messages
+@end ifnottex
+@subheading Question 5.7:
-@lisp
-((local
- (gnus-auto-select-first nil)))
-@end lisp
+ Is there some kind of address-book, so I needn't remember
+ all those email addresses?
+
-and insert
-@lisp
- (setq gnus-auto-select-first t)
-@end lisp
+Answer:
-in your @file{.gnus}.
+ There's an very basic solution for this, mail aliases.
+ You can store your mail addresses in a ~/.mailrc file using a simple
+ alias syntax:
+
-@end enumerate
+@example
-@item
-Q3.5 Why aren't BBDB known posters marked in the summary buffer?
+alias al "Al <al@@english-heritage.bla>"
+
+@end example
-Brian Edmonds <edmonds@@cs.ubc.ca> writes:@*
-Due to changes in Gnus 5.0, @file{bbdb-gnus.el} no longer marks known
-posters in the summary buffer. An updated version, @file{gnus-bbdb.el}
-is available at the locations listed below. This package also supports
-autofiling of incoming mail to folders specified in the BBDB. Extensive
-instructions are included as comments in the file.
+@noindent
+ Then typing your alias (followed by a space or punctuation
+ character) on a To: or Cc: line in the message buffer will
+ cause gnus to insert the full address for you. See the
+ node "Mail Aliases" in Message (not Gnus) manual for
+ details.
+
-Send mail to @file{majordomo@@edmonds.home.cs.ubc.ca} with the following
-line in the body of the message: @emph{get misc gnus-bbdb.el}.
+ However, what you really want is the Insidious Big Brother
+ Database bbdb. Get it through the XEmacs package system or from
+ @uref{http://bbdb.sourceforge.net/,bbdb's homepage}.
+ Now place the following in ~/.gnus, to activate bbdb for Gnus:
+
-Or get it from the World Wide Web:@*
-@uref{http://www.cs.ubc.ca/spider/edmonds/gnus-bbdb.el}.
+@example
-@end itemize
+(require 'bbdb)
+(bbdb-initialize 'gnus 'message)
+
+@end example
+@noindent
+ Now you probably want some general bbdb configuration,
+ place them in ~/.emacs:
+
-@node Reading Mail FAQ
-@subsection Reading Mail
+@example
-@itemize @bullet
-@item
-Q4.1 What does the message ``Buffer has changed on disk'' mean in a mail
-group?
+(require 'bbdb)
+;;If you don't live in Northern America, you should disable the
+;;syntax check for telephone numbers by saying
+(setq bbdb-north-american-phone-numbers-p nil)
+;;Tell bbdb about your email address:
+(setq bbdb-user-mail-names
+ (regexp-opt '("Your.Email@@here.bla"
+ "Your.other@@mail.there.bla")))
+;;cycling while completing email addresses
+(setq bbdb-complete-name-allow-cycling t)
+;;No popup-buffers
+(setq bbdb-use-pop-up nil)
+
+@end example
-Your filter program should not deliver mail directly to your folders,
-instead it should put the mail into spool files. Gnus will then move
-the mail safely from the spool files into the folders. This will
-eliminate the problem. Look it up in the manual, in the section
-entitled ``Mail & Procmail''.
+@noindent
+ Now you should be ready to go. Say @samp{M-x bbdb RET
+ RET} to open a bbdb buffer showing all
+ entries. Say @samp{c} to create a new
+ entry, @samp{b} to search your BBDB and
+ @samp{C-o} to add a new field to an
+ entry. If you want to add a sender to the BBDB you can
+ also just hit `:' on the posting in the summary buffer and
+ you are done. When you now compose a new mail,
+ hit @samp{TAB} to cycle through know
+ recipients.
+
+@ifnottex
+@node [5.8], [5.9], [5.7], FAQ 5 - Composing messages
+@end ifnottex
+@subheading Question 5.8:
+
+ Sometimes I see little images at the top of article
+ buffer. What's that and how can I send one with my
+ postings, too?
+
+
+Answer:
+
+ Those images are called X-Faces. They are 48*48 pixel b/w
+ pictures, encoded in a header line. If you want to include
+ one in your posts, you've got to convert some image to a
+ X-Face. So fire up some image manipulation program (say
+ Gimp), open the image you want to include, cut out the
+ relevant part, reduce color depth to 1 bit, resize to
+ 48*48 and save as bitmap. Now you should get the compface
+ package from
+ @uref{ftp://ftp.cs.indiana.edu:/pub/faces/,this site}.
+ and create the actual X-face by saying
+
+@example
-@item
-Q4.2 How do you make articles un-expirable?
+cat file.xbm | xbm2ikon |compface > file.face
+cat ./file.face | sed 's/\\/\\\\/g' | sed 's/\"/\\\"/g' > ./file.face.quoted
+
+@end example
-I am using nnml to read news and have used
-@code{gnus-auto-expirable-newsgroups} to automagically expire articles
-in some groups (Gnus being one of them). Sometimes there are
-interesting articles in these groups that I want to keep. Is there any
-way of explicitly marking an article as un-expirable - that is mark it
-as read but not expirable?
+@noindent
+ if you can't use compface, there's an online X-face converter at
+ @uref{http://www.dairiki.org/xface/,http://www.dairiki.org/xface/}.
+ If you use MS Windows, you could also use the WinFace program from
+ @uref{http://www.xs4all.nl/~walterln/winface/,http://www.xs4all.nl/~walterln/winface/}.
+ Now you only have to tell Gnus to include the X-face in your postings by saying
+
-Use @kbd{u}, @kbd{!}, @kbd{d} or @kbd{M-u} in the summary buffer. You
-just remove the @kbd{E} mark by setting some other mark. It's not
-necessary to tick the articles.
+@example
+(setq message-default-headers
+ (with-temp-buffer
+ (insert "X-Face: ")
+ (insert-file-contents "~/.xemacs/xface")
+ (buffer-string)))
+
+@end example
-@item
-Q4.3 How do I delete bogus nnml: groups?
+@noindent
+ in ~/.gnus.
+
+@ifnottex
+@node [5.9], [5.10], [5.8], FAQ 5 - Composing messages
+@end ifnottex
+@subheading Question 5.9:
-My problem is that I have various mail (nnml) groups generated while
-experimenting with Gnus. How do I remove them now? Setting the level to
-9 does not help. Also @code{gnus-group-check-bogus-groups} does not
-recognize them.
+ Sometimes I accidentally hit r instead of f in
+ newsgroups. Can Gnus warn me, when I'm replying by mail in
+ newsgroups?
+
-Removing mail groups is tricky at the moment. (It's on the to-do list,
-though.) You basically have to kill the groups in Gnus, shut down Gnus,
-edit the active file to exclude these groups, and probably remove the
-nnml directories that contained these groups as well. Then start Gnus
-back up again.
+Answer:
+ Put this in ~/.gnus:
+
-@item
-Q4.4 What happened to my new mail groups?
+@example
-I got new mail, but I have
-never seen the groups they should have been placed in.
+(setq gnus-confirm-mail-reply-to-news t)
+
+@end example
-They are probably there, but as zombies. Press @kbd{A z} to list
-zombie groups, and then subscribe to the groups you want with @kbd{u}.
-This is all documented quite nicely in the user's manual.
+@noindent
+ if you already use Gnus 5.10.0, if you still use 5.8.8 or
+ 5.9 try this instead:
+
+@example
-@item
-Q4.5 Not scoring mail groups
+(defadvice gnus-summary-reply (around reply-in-news activate)
+ (interactive)
+ (when (or (not (gnus-news-group-p gnus-newsgroup-name))
+ (y-or-n-p "Really reply? "))
+ ad-do-it))
+
+@end example
+
+@ifnottex
+@node [5.10], [5.11], [5.9], FAQ 5 - Composing messages
+@end ifnottex
+@subheading Question 5.10:
-How do you @emph{totally} turn off scoring in mail groups?
+ How to tell Gnus not to generate a sender header?
+
-Use an nnbabyl:all.SCORE (or nnmh, or nnml, or whatever) file containing:
+Answer:
+
+ Since 5.10.0 Gnus doesn't generate a sender header by
+ default. For older Gnus' try this in ~/.gnus:
+
@example
-((adapt ignore)
- (local (gnus-use-scoring nil))
- (exclude-files "all.SCORE"))
+
+(eval-after-load "message"
+ '(add-to-list 'message-syntax-checks '(sender . disabled)))
+
@end example
+
+
+@ifnottex
+@node [5.11], [5.12], [5.10], FAQ 5 - Composing messages
+@end ifnottex
+@subheading Question 5.11:
+
+ I want gnus to locally store copies of my send mail and
+ news, how to do it?
+
+
+Answer:
+
+ You must set the variable gnus-message-archive-group to do
+ this. You can set it to a string giving the name of the
+ group where the copies shall go or like in the example
+ below use a function which is evaluated and which returns
+ the group to use.
+
-@end itemize
+@example
+
+(setq gnus-message-archive-group
+ '((if (message-news-p)
+ "nnml:Send-News"
+ "nnml:Send-Mail")))
+
+@end example
+
+
+@ifnottex
+@node [5.12], , [5.11], FAQ 5 - Composing messages
+@end ifnottex
+@subheading Question 5.12:
+
+ People tell me my Message-IDs are not correct, why
+ aren't they and how to fix it?
+
+
+Answer:
+
+ The message-ID is an unique identifier for messages you
+ send. To make it unique, Gnus need to know which machine
+ name to put after the "@@". If the name of the machine
+ where Gnus is running isn't suitable (it probably isn't
+ at most private machines) you can tell Gnus what to use
+ by saying:
+
+
+@example
+
+(defun message-make-message-id()
+ (concat "<"(message-unique-id)"@@yourmachine.yourdomain.tld>"))
+
+@end example
+
+
+@noindent
+ in ~/.gnus. If you have no idea what to insert for
+ "yourmachine.yourdomain.tld", you've got several
+ choices. You can either ask your provider if he allows
+ you to use something like
+ yourUserName.userfqdn.provider.net, or you can use
+ somethingUnique.yourdomain.tld if you own the domain
+ yourdomain.tld, or you can register at a service which
+ gives private users a FQDN for free, e.g.
+ @uref{http://www.stura.tu-freiberg.de/~dlx/addfqdn.html,http://www.stura.tu-freiberg.de/~dlx/addfqdn.html}.
+ (Sorry but this website is in German, if you know of an
+ English one offering the same, drop me a note).
+
+
+ Finally you can tell Gnus not to generate a Message-ID
+ for News at all (and letting the server do the job) by saying
+
+
+@example
+
+(setq message-required-news-headers
+ (remove' Message-ID message-required-news-headers))
+
+@end example
+
+@noindent
+ you can also tell Gnus not to generate Message-IDs for mail by saying
+
+
+@example
+(setq message-required-mail-headers
+ (remove' Message-ID message-required-mail-headers))
+
+@end example
+
+@noindent
+ , however some mail servers don't generate proper
+ Message-IDs, too, so test if your Mail Server behaves
+ correctly by sending yourself a Mail and looking at the Message-ID.
+
+
+@ifnottex
+@node FAQ 6 - Old messages, FAQ 7 - Gnus in a dial-up environment, FAQ 5 - Composing messages, Frequently Asked Questions
+@end ifnottex
+@section Old messages
+
+@menu
+* [6.1]:: How to import my old mail into Gnus?
+* [6.2]:: How to archive interesting messages?
+* [6.3]:: How to search for a specific message?
+* [6.4]:: How to get rid of old unwanted mail?
+* [6.5]:: I want that all read messages are expired (at least in some groups). How to do it?
+* [6.6]:: I don't want expiration to delete my mails but to move them to another group.
+@end menu
+
+@ifnottex
+@node [6.1], [6.2], FAQ 6 - Old messages, FAQ 6 - Old messages
+@end ifnottex
+@subheading Question 6.1:
+
+ How to import my old mail into Gnus?
+
+
+Answer:
+
+ The easiest way is to tell your old mail program to
+ export the messages in mbox format. Most Unix mailers
+ are able to do this, if you come from the MS Windows
+ world, you may find tools at
+ @uref{http://mbx2mbox.sourceforge.net/,http://mbx2mbox.sourceforge.net/}.
+
+
+ Now you've got to import this mbox file into Gnus. To do
+ this, create a nndoc group based on the mbox file by
+ saying @samp{G f /path/file.mbox RET} in
+ Group buffer. You now have read-only access to your
+ mail. If you want to import the messages to your normal
+ Gnus mail groups hierarchy, enter the nndoc group you've
+ just created by saying @samp{C-u RET}
+ (thus making sure all messages are retrieved), mark all
+ messages by saying @samp{M P b} and
+ either copy them to the desired group by saying
+ @samp{B c name.of.group RET} or send them
+ through nnmail-split-methods (respool them) by saying
+ @samp{B r}.
+
+@ifnottex
+@node [6.2], [6.3], [6.1], FAQ 6 - Old messages
+@end ifnottex
+@subheading Question 6.2:
+
+ How to archive interesting messages?
+
+
+Answer:
+
+ If you stumble across an interesting message, say in
+ gnu.emacs.gnus and want to archive it there are several
+ solutions. The first and easiest is to save it to a file
+ by saying @samp{O f}. However, wouldn't
+ it be much more convenient to have more direct access to
+ the archived message from Gnus? If you say yes, put this
+ snippet by Frank Haun <pille3003@@fhaun.de> in
+ ~/.gnus:
+
+
+@example
+
+(defun my-archive-article (&optional n)
+ "Copies one or more article(s) to a corresponding `nnml:' group, e.g.
+`gnus.ding' goes to `nnml:1.gnus.ding'. And `nnml:List-gnus.ding' goes
+to `nnml:1.List-gnus-ding'.
+
+Use process marks or mark a region in the summary buffer to archive
+more then one article."
+ (interactive "P")
+ (let ((archive-name
+ (format
+ "nnml:1.%s"
+ (if (featurep 'xemacs)
+ (replace-in-string gnus-newsgroup-name "^.*:" "")
+ (replace-regexp-in-string "^.*:" "" gnus-newsgroup-name)))))
+ (gnus-summary-copy-article n archive-name)))
+
+@end example
+
+@noindent
+ You can now say @samp{M-x
+ my-archive-article} in summary buffer to
+ archive the article under the cursor in a nnml
+ group. (Change nnml to your preferred back end)
+
+
+ Of course you can also make sure the cache is enabled by saying
+
+
+@example
+
+(setq gnus-use-cache t)
+
+@end example
+
+@noindent
+ then you only have to set either the tick or the dormant
+ mark for articles you want to keep, setting the read
+ mark will remove them from cache.
+
+@ifnottex
+@node [6.3], [6.4], [6.2], FAQ 6 - Old messages
+@end ifnottex
+@subheading Question 6.3:
+
+ How to search for a specific message?
+
+
+Answer:
+
+ There are several ways for this, too. For a posting from
+ a Usenet group the easiest solution is probably to ask
+ @uref{http://groups.google.com,groups.google.com},
+ if you found the posting there, tell Google to display
+ the raw message, look for the message-id, and say
+ @samp{M-^ the@@message.id RET} in a
+ summary buffer.
+ Since Gnus 5.10.0 there's also a Gnus interface for
+ groups.google.com which you can call with
+ @samp{G W}) in group buffer.
+
+
+ Another idea which works for both mail and news groups
+ is to enter the group where the message you are
+ searching is and use the standard Emacs search
+ @samp{C-s}, it's smart enough to look at
+ articles in collapsed threads, too. If you want to
+ search bodies, too try @samp{M-s}
+ instead. Further on there are the
+ gnus-summary-limit-to-foo functions, which can help you,
+ too.
+
+
+ Of course you can also use grep to search through your
+ local mail, but this is both slow for big archives and
+ inconvenient since you are not displaying the found mail
+ in Gnus. Here comes nnir into action. Nnir is a front end
+ to search engines like swish-e or swish++ and
+ others. You index your mail with one of those search
+ engines and with the help of nnir you can search trough
+ the indexed mail and generate a temporary group with all
+ messages which met your search criteria. If this sound
+ cool to you get nnir.el from
+ @uref{ftp://ls6-ftp.cs.uni-dortmund.de/pub/src/emacs/,ftp://ls6-ftp.cs.uni-dortmund.de/pub/src/emacs/}
+ or @uref{ftp://ftp.is.informatik.uni-duisburg.de/pub/src/emacs/,ftp://ftp.is.informatik.uni-duisburg.de/pub/src/emacs/}.
+ Instructions on how to use it are at the top of the file.
+
+@ifnottex
+@node [6.4], [6.5], [6.3], FAQ 6 - Old messages
+@end ifnottex
+@subheading Question 6.4:
+
+ How to get rid of old unwanted mail?
+
+
+Answer:
+
+ You can of course just mark the mail you don't need
+ anymore by saying @samp{#} with point
+ over the mail and then say @samp{B DEL}
+ to get rid of them forever. You could also instead of
+ actually deleting them, send them to a junk-group by
+ saying @samp{B m nnml:trash-bin} which
+ you clear from time to time, but both are not the intended
+ way in Gnus.
+
+
+ In Gnus, we let mail expire like news expires on a news
+ server. That means you tell Gnus the message is
+ expirable (you tell Gnus "I don't need this mail
+ anymore") by saying @samp{E} with point
+ over the mail in summary buffer. Now when you leave the
+ group, Gnus looks at all messages which you marked as
+ expirable before and if they are old enough (default is
+ older than a week) they are deleted.
+
+@ifnottex
+@node [6.5], [6.6], [6.4], FAQ 6 - Old messages
+@end ifnottex
+@subheading Question 6.5:
+
+ I want that all read messages are expired (at least in
+ some groups). How to do it?
+
+
+Answer:
+
+ If you want all read messages to be expired (e.g. in
+ mailing lists where there's an online archive), you've
+ got two choices: auto-expire and
+ total-expire. Auto-expire means, that every article
+ which has no marks set and is selected for reading is
+ marked as expirable, Gnus hits @samp{E}
+ for you every time you read a message. Total-expire
+ follows a slightly different approach, here all article
+ where the read mark is set are expirable.
+
+
+ To activate auto-expire, include auto-expire in the
+ Group parameters for the group. (Hit @samp{G
+ c} in summary buffer with point over the
+ group to change group parameters). For total-expire add
+ total-expire to the group-parameters.
+
+
+ Which method you choose is merely a matter of taste:
+ Auto-expire is faster, but it doesn't play together with
+ Adaptive Scoring, so if you want to use this feature,
+ you should use total-expire.
+
+
+ If you want a message to be excluded from expiration in
+ a group where total or auto expire is active, set either
+ tick (hit @samp{u}) or dormant mark (hit
+ @samp{u}), when you use auto-expire, you
+ can also set the read mark (hit
+ @samp{d}).
+
+@ifnottex
+@node [6.6], , [6.5], FAQ 6 - Old messages
+@end ifnottex
+@subheading Question 6.6:
+
+ I don't want expiration to delete my mails but to move them
+ to another group.
+
+
+Answer:
+
+ Say something like this in ~/.gnus:
+
+
+@example
+
+(setq nnmail-expiry-target "nnml:expired")
+
+@end example
+
+@noindent
+ (If you want to change the value of nnmail-expiry-target
+ on a per group basis see the question "How can I disable
+ threading in some (e.g. mail-) groups, or set other
+ variables specific for some groups?")
+
+
+@ifnottex
+@node FAQ 7 - Gnus in a dial-up environment, FAQ 8 - Getting help, FAQ 6 - Old messages, Frequently Asked Questions
+@end ifnottex
+@section Gnus in a dial-up environment
+
+@menu
+* [7.1]:: I don't have a permanent connection to the net, how can I minimize the time I've got to be connected?
+* [7.2]:: So what was this thing about the Agent?
+* [7.3]:: I want to store article bodies on disk, too. How to do it?
+* [7.4]:: How to tell Gnus not to try to send mails / postings while I'm offline?
+@end menu
+
+
+@ifnottex
+@node [7.1], [7.2], FAQ 7 - Gnus in a dial-up environment, FAQ 7 - Gnus in a dial-up environment
+@end ifnottex
+@subheading Question 7.1:
+
+ I don't have a permanent connection to the net, how can
+ I minimize the time I've got to be connected?
+
+
+Answer:
+
+ You've got basically two options: Either you use the
+ Gnus Agent (see below) for this, or you can install
+ programs which fetch your news and mail to your local
+ disk and Gnus reads the stuff from your local
+ machine.
+
+
+ If you want to follow the second approach, you need a
+ program which fetches news and offers them to Gnus, a
+ program which does the same for mail and a program which
+ receives the mail you write from Gnus and sends them
+ when you're online.
+
+
+ Let's talk about Unix systems first: For the news part,
+ the easiest solution is a small nntp server like
+ @uref{http://www.leafnode.org/,Leafnode} or
+ @uref{http://infa.abo.fi/~patrik/sn/,sn},
+ of course you can also install a full featured news
+ server like
+ @uref{http://www.isc.org/products/INN/,inn}.
+ Then you want to fetch your Mail, popular choices
+ are @uref{http://www.catb.org/~esr/fetchmail/,fetchmail}
+ and @uref{http://www.qcc.ca/~charlesc/software/getmail-3.0/,getmail}.
+ You should tell those to write the mail to your disk and
+ Gnus to read it from there. Last but not least the mail
+ sending part: This can be done with every MTA like
+ @uref{http://www.sendmail.org/,sendmail},
+ @uref{http://www.qmail.org/,postfix},
+ @uref{http://www.exim.org/,exim} or
+ @uref{http://www.qmail.org/,qmail}.
+
+
+ On windows boxes I'd vote for
+ @uref{http://www.tglsoft.de/,Hamster},
+ it's a small freeware, open-source program which fetches
+ your mail and news from remote servers and offers them
+ to Gnus (or any other mail and/or news reader) via nntp
+ respectively POP3 or IMAP. It also includes a smtp
+ server for receiving mails from Gnus.
+
+@ifnottex
+@node [7.2], [7.3], [7.1], FAQ 7 - Gnus in a dial-up environment
+@end ifnottex
+@subheading Question 7.2:
+
+ So what was this thing about the Agent?
+
+
+Answer:
+
+ The Gnus agent is part of Gnus, it allows you to fetch
+ mail and news and store them on disk for reading them
+ later when you're offline. It kind of mimics offline
+ newsreaders like e.g. Forte Agent. If you want to use
+ the Agent place the following in ~/.gnus if you are
+ still using 5.8.8 or 5.9 (it's the default since 5.10.0):
+
+
+@example
+
+(setq gnus-agent t)
+
+@end example
+
+
+ Now you've got to select the servers whose groups can be
+ stored locally. To do this, open the server buffer
+ (that is press @samp{^} while in the
+ group buffer). Now select a server by moving point to
+ the line naming that server. Finally, agentize the
+ server by typing @samp{J a}. If you
+ make a mistake, or change your mind, you can undo this
+ action by typing @samp{J r}. When
+ you're done, type 'q' to return to the group buffer.
+ Now the next time you enter a group on a agentized
+ server, the headers will be stored on disk and read from
+ there the next time you enter the group.
+
+@ifnottex
+@node [7.3], [7.4], [7.2], FAQ 7 - Gnus in a dial-up environment
+@end ifnottex
+@subheading Question 7.3:
+
+ I want to store article bodies on disk, too. How to do it?
+
+
+Answer:
+
+ You can tell the agent to automatically fetch the bodies
+ of articles which fulfill certain predicates, this is
+ done in a special buffer which can be reached by
+ saying @samp{J c} in group
+ buffer. Please refer to the documentation for
+ information which predicates are possible and how
+ exactly to do it.
+
+
+ Further on you can tell the agent manually which
+ articles to store on disk. There are two ways to do
+ this: Number one: In the summary buffer, process mark a
+ set of articles that shall be stored in the agent by
+ saying @samp{#} with point over the
+ article and then type @samp{J s}. The
+ other possibility is to set, again in the summary
+ buffer, downloadable (%) marks for the articles you
+ want by typing @samp{@@} with point over
+ the article and then typing @samp{J u}.
+ What's the difference? Well, process marks are erased as
+ soon as you exit the summary buffer while downloadable
+ marks are permanent. You can actually set downloadable
+ marks in several groups then use fetch session ('J s' in
+ the GROUP buffer) to fetch all of those articles. The
+ only downside is that fetch session also fetches all of
+ the headers for every selected group on an agentized
+ server. Depending on the volume of headers, the initial
+ fetch session could take hours.
+
+@ifnottex
+@node [7.4], , [7.3], FAQ 7 - Gnus in a dial-up environment
+@end ifnottex
+@subheading Question 7.4:
+
+ How to tell Gnus not to try to send mails / postings
+ while I'm offline?
+
+
+Answer:
+
+ All you've got to do is to tell Gnus when you are online
+ (plugged) and when you are offline (unplugged), the rest
+ works automatically. You can toggle plugged/unplugged
+ state by saying @samp{J j} in group
+ buffer. To start Gnus unplugged say @samp{M-x
+ gnus-unplugged} instead of
+ @samp{M-x gnus}. Note that for this to
+ work, the agent must be active.
+
+
+@ifnottex
+@node FAQ 8 - Getting help, FAQ 9 - Tuning Gnus, FAQ 7 - Gnus in a dial-up environment, Frequently Asked Questions
+@end ifnottex
+@section Getting help
+
+@menu
+* [8.1]:: How to find information and help inside Emacs?
+* [8.2]:: I can't find anything in the Gnus manual about X (e.g. attachments, PGP, MIME...), is it not documented?
+* [8.3]:: Which websites should I know?
+* [8.4]:: Which mailing lists and newsgroups are there?
+* [8.5]:: Where to report bugs?
+* [8.6]:: I need real-time help, where to find it?
+@end menu
+
+@ifnottex
+@node [8.1], [8.2], FAQ 8 - Getting help, FAQ 8 - Getting help
+@end ifnottex
+@subheading Question 8.1:
+
+ How to find information and help inside Emacs?
+
+
+Answer:
+
+ The first stop should be the Gnus manual (Say
+ @samp{C-h i d m Gnus RET} to start the
+ Gnus manual, then walk through the menus or do a
+ full-text search with @samp{s}). Then
+ there are the general Emacs help commands starting with
+ C-h, type @samp{C-h ? ?} to get a list
+ of all available help commands and their meaning. Finally
+ @samp{M-x apropos-command} lets you
+ search through all available functions and @samp{M-x
+ apropos} searches the bound variables.
+
+@ifnottex
+@node [8.2], [8.3], [8.1], FAQ 8 - Getting help
+@end ifnottex
+@subheading Question 8.2:
+
+ I can't find anything in the Gnus manual about X
+ (e.g. attachments, PGP, MIME...), is it not documented?
+
+
+Answer:
+
+ There's not only the Gnus manual but also the manuals
+ for message, emacs-mime, sieve and pgg. Those packages
+ are distributed with Gnus and used by Gnus but aren't
+ really part of core Gnus, so they are documented in
+ different info files, you should have a look in those
+ manuals, too.
+
+@ifnottex
+@node [8.3], [8.4], [8.2], FAQ 8 - Getting help
+@end ifnottex
+@subheading Question 8.3:
+
+ Which websites should I know?
+
+
+Answer:
+
+ The two most important ones are the
+ @uref{http://www.gnus.org,official Gnus website}.
+ and it's sister site
+ @uref{http://my.gnus.org,my.gnus.org (MGO)},
+ hosting an archive of lisp snippets, howtos, a (not
+ really finished) tutorial and this FAQ.
+
+
+ Tell me about other sites which are interesting.
+
+@ifnottex
+@node [8.4], [8.5], [8.3], FAQ 8 - Getting help
+@end ifnottex
+@subheading Question 8.4:
+
+ Which mailing lists and newsgroups are there?
+
+
+Answer:
+
+ There's the newsgroup gnu.emacs.gnus (pull it from
+ e.g. news.gnus.org) which deals with general questions
+ and the ding mailing list (ding@@gnus.org) dealing with
+ development of Gnus. You can read the ding list via
+ NNTP, too under the name gnus.ding from news.gnus.org.
+
+
+ If you want to stay in the big8,
+ news.software.newssreaders is also read by some Gnus
+ users (but chances for qualified help are much better in
+ the above groups) and if you speak German, there's
+ de.comm.software.gnus.
+
+@ifnottex
+@node [8.5], [8.6], [8.4], FAQ 8 - Getting help
+@end ifnottex
+@subheading Question 8.5:
+
+ Where to report bugs?
+
+
+Answer:
+
+ Say @samp{M-x gnus-bug}, this will start
+ a message to the
+ @uref{mailto:bugs@@gnus.org,gnus bug mailing list}
+ including information about your environment which make
+ it easier to help you.
+
+@ifnottex
+@node [8.6], , [8.5], FAQ 8 - Getting help
+@end ifnottex
+@subheading Question 8.6:
+
+ I need real-time help, where to find it?
+
+
+Answer:
+
+ Point your IRC client to irc.my.gnus.org channel
+ #mygnus. Don't be afraid if people there speak German,
+ they are willing and capable of switching to
+ English when people from outside Germany enter.
+
+
+@ifnottex
+@node FAQ 9 - Tuning Gnus, FAQ - Glossary, FAQ 8 - Getting help, Frequently Asked Questions
+@end ifnottex
+@section Tuning Gnus
+
+@menu
+* [9.1]:: Starting Gnus is really slow, how to speed it up?
+* [9.2]:: How to speed up the process of entering a group?
+* [9.3]:: Sending mail becomes slower and slower, what's up?
+@end menu
+
+@ifnottex
+@node [9.1], [9.2], FAQ 9 - Tuning Gnus, FAQ 9 - Tuning Gnus
+@end ifnottex
+@subheading Question 9.1:
+
+ Starting Gnus is really slow, how to speed it up?
+
+
+Answer:
+
+ The reason for this could be the way Gnus reads it's
+ active file, see the node "The Active File" in the Gnus
+ manual for things you might try to speed the process up.
+ An other idea would be to byte compile your ~/.gnus (say
+ @samp{M-x byte-compile-file RET ~/.gnus
+ RET} to do it). Finally, if you have require
+ statements in your .gnus, you could replace them with
+ eval-after-load, which loads the stuff not at startup
+ time, but when it's needed. Say you've got this in your
+ ~/.gnus:
+
+
+@example
+
+(require 'message)
+(add-to-list 'message-syntax-checks '(sender . disabled))
+
+@end example
+
+@noindent
+ then as soon as you start Gnus, message.el is loaded. If
+ you replace it with
+
+
+@example
+
+(eval-after-load "message"
+ '(add-to-list 'message-syntax-checks '(sender . disabled)))
+
+@end example
+@noindent
+ it's loaded when it's needed.
+
+@ifnottex
+@node [9.2], [9.3], [9.1], FAQ 9 - Tuning Gnus
+@end ifnottex
+@subheading Question 9.2:
+
+ How to speed up the process of entering a group?
+
+
+Answer:
+
+ A speed killer is setting the variable
+ gnus-fetch-old-headers to anything different from nil,
+ so don't do this if speed is an issue. To speed up
+ building of summary say
+
+
+@example
+
+(gnus-compile)
+
+@end example
+
+@noindent
+ at the bottom of your ~/.gnus, this will make gnus
+ byte-compile things like
+ gnus-summary-line-format.
+ then you could increase the value of gc-cons-threshold
+ by saying something like
+
+
+@example
+
+(setq gc-cons-threshold 3500000)
+
+@end example
+
+@noindent
+ in ~/.emacs. If you don't care about width of CJK
+ characters or use Gnus 5.10.0 or younger together with a
+ recent GNU Emacs, you should say
+
+
+@example
+
+(setq gnus-use-correct-string-widths nil)
+
+@end example
+
+
+@noindent
+ in ~/.gnus (thanks to Jesper harder for the last
+ two suggestions). Finally if you are still using 5.8.8
+ or 5.9 and experience speed problems with summary
+ buffer generation, you definitely should update to
+ 5.10.0 since there quite some work on improving it has
+ been done.
+
+@ifnottex
+@node [9.3], , [9.2], FAQ 9 - Tuning Gnus
+@end ifnottex
+@subheading Question 9.3:
+
+ Sending mail becomes slower and slower, what's up?
+
+
+Answer:
+
+ The reason could be that you told Gnus to archive the
+ messages you wrote by setting
+ gnus-message-archive-group. Try to use a nnml group
+ instead of an archive group, this should bring you back
+ to normal speed.
+
+
+@ifnottex
+@node FAQ - Glossary, , FAQ 9 - Tuning Gnus, Frequently Asked Questions
+@end ifnottex
+@section Glossary
+
+@table @asis
+
+@item ~/.gnus
+ When the term ~/.gnus is used it just means your Gnus
+ configuration file. You might as well call it ~/.gnus.el or
+ specify another name.
+
+
+@item Back End
+ In Gnus terminology a back end is a virtual server, a layer
+ between core Gnus and the real NNTP-, POP3-, IMAP- or
+ whatever-server which offers Gnus a standardized interface
+ to functions like "get message", "get Headers" etc.
+
+
+@item Emacs
+ When the term Emacs is used in this FAQ, it means either GNU
+ Emacs or XEmacs.
+
+
+@item Message
+ In this FAQ message means a either a mail or a posting to a
+ Usenet Newsgroup or to some other fancy back end, no matter
+ of which kind it is.
+
+
+@item MUA
+ MUA is an acronym for Mail User Agent, it's the program you
+ use to read and write e-mails.
+
+
+@item NUA
+ NUA is an acronym for News User Agent, it's the program you
+ use to read and write Usenet news.
+
+@end table
+
+@bye
@code{gnus-show-threads} \e$B$O!"$=$N35N,%P%C%U%!$NCf$N%m!<%+%kJQ?t$K$J$j!"\e(B
form \e$B$N\e(B @code{nil} \e$B$O$=$3$GI>2A$5$l$^$9!#\e(B
+\e$B$3$N5!G=$O!"JQ?t$r35N,%P%C%U%!$G%m!<%+%k$K@_Dj$9$k$3$H$KCm0U$7$F2<$5$$!#\e(B
+\e$B$G$b!"$$$/$D$+$NJQ?t$O5-;v%P%C%U%!$+\e(B (\e$BJV?.!"%U%)%m!<!"$"$k$$$O?75,$K:n$i\e(B
+\e$B$l$?%a%C%;!<%8$N\e(B) \e$B%a%C%;!<%8%P%C%U%!$GI>2A$5$l$^$9!#Be$o$j$K!"LdBj$NJQ?t\e(B
+\e$B$r\e(B @code{gnus-newsgroup-variables} \e$B$K2C$($k$3$H$,=u$1$K$J$k$+$b$7$l$^$;\e(B
+\e$B$s!#$7$?$,$C$F!"%0%k!<%W%Q%i%a!<%?$r2p$7$F\e(B @code{message-from-style} \e$B$r\e(B
+\e$B@_Dj$7$?$$$J$i$P!"\e(B@file{~/.gnus}\e$B%U%!%$%k$N$I$3$+B>$N$H$3$m$K!"<!$N=R8l$,\e(B
+\e$BI,MW$K$J$k$+$b$7$l$^$;$s\e(B:
+
+@lisp
+(add-to-list 'gnus-newsgroup-variables 'message-from-style)
+@end lisp
+
@vindex gnus-list-identifiers
\e$B$3$N5!G=$NMQES$N0l$D$O!"5-;v$NBjL>Ms$+$i%a!<%j%s%0%j%9%H$NI8<1%?%0$r$O$.\e(B
\e$B<h$k$3$H$G$9!#$b$7%K%e!<%9%0%k!<\e(B
@node Server Variables
@subsection \e$B%5!<%P!<JQ?t\e(B
+@cindex server variables
+@cindex server parameters
\e$BJQ?t$rDj5A$9$k0l$D$N$d$C$+$$$JE@$O\e(B (\e$B%P%C%/%(%s%I$H\e(B Emacs \e$B0lHL$NN>J}$G\e(B)\e$B!"\e(B
\e$BJQ?t$NDj5A$,%m!<%I$5$l$F$$$k4V$K!"$$$/$D$+$NJQ?t$OB>$NJQ?t$G=i4|2=$5\e(B
(nnml-newsgroups-file "~/my-mail/newsgroups"))
@end lisp
+\e$B%5!<%P!<JQ?t$O$7$P$7$P\e(B @dfn{\e$B%5!<%P!<%Q%i%a!<%?\e(B} \e$B$H8F$P$l$^$9!#\e(B
+
@node Servers and Methods
@subsection \e$B%5!<%P!<$HJ}K!\e(B
@table @code
@item :plugged
-
@code{nil} \e$B$G$J$+$C$?$i!"\e(Bgnus \e$B$,\e(B @dfn{unplugged} \e$B$G$"$C$F$b%a!<%k$r<hF@\e(B
\e$B$7$^$9!#$b$7$"$J$?$,%G%#%l%/%H%j$r%a!<%k%=!<%9$K;H$C$F$$$k$J$i$P!"$3$NNc\e(B
\e$B$N$h$&$K;XDj$9$k$3$H$,$G$-$^$9\e(B:
in the summary buffer you enter, and the form @code{nil} will be
@code{eval}ed there.
+Note that this feature sets the variable locally to the summary buffer.
+But some variables are evaluated in the article buffer, or in the
+message buffer (of a reply or followup or otherwise newly created
+message). As a workaround, it might help to add the variable in
+question to @code{gnus-newsgroup-variables}. @xref{Various Summary
+Stuff}. So if you want to set @code{message-from-style} via the group
+parameters, then you may need the following statement elsewhere in your
+@file{~/.gnus} file:
+@lisp
+(add-to-list 'gnus-newsgroup-variables 'message-from-style)
+@end lisp
+
@vindex gnus-list-identifiers
A use for this feature, is to remove a mailing list identifier tag in
the subject fields of articles. E.g. if the news group
putting @code{(gnus-list-identifiers "DOCBOOK-APPS:")} into the group
parameters for the group.
-
This can also be used as a group-specific hook function, if you'd like.
If you want to hear a beep when you enter a group, you could put
something like @code{(dummy-variable (ding))} in the parameters of that
displayed or this variable is overridden by
@code{gnus-buttonized-mime-types}. The default value is
@code{(".*/.*")}. This variable is only used when
-@code{gnus-inhibit-mime-unbuttonizing} is nil.
+@code{gnus-inhibit-mime-unbuttonizing} is @code{nil}.
@item gnus-buttonized-mime-types
@vindex gnus-buttonized-mime-types
displayed. This variable overrides
@code{gnus-unbuttonized-mime-types}. The default value is @code{nil}.
This variable is only used when @code{gnus-inhibit-mime-unbuttonizing}
-is nil.
+is @code{nil}.
To see e.g. security buttons but no other buttons, you could set this
variable to @code{("multipart/signed")} and leave
@item gnus-inhibit-mime-unbuttonizing
@vindex gnus-inhibit-mime-unbuttonizing
-If this is non-nil, then all @sc{mime} parts get buttons. The default
-value is @code{nil}.
+If this is non-@code{nil}, then all @sc{mime} parts get buttons. The
+default value is @code{nil}.
@item gnus-article-mime-part-function
@vindex gnus-article-mime-part-function
@item gnus-newsgroup-variables
A list of newsgroup (summary buffer) local variables, or cons of
variables and their default values (when the default values are not
-nil), that should be made global while the summary buffer is active.
-These variables can be used to set variables in the group parameters
-while still allowing them to affect operations done in other
-buffers. For example:
+@code{nil}), that should be made global while the summary buffer is
+active. These variables can be used to set variables in the group
+parameters while still allowing them to affect operations done in
+other buffers. For example:
@lisp
(setq gnus-newsgroup-variables
@node Server Variables
@subsection Server Variables
+@cindex server variables
+@cindex server parameters
One sticky point when defining variables (both on back ends and in Emacs
in general) is that some variables are typically initialized from other
(nnml-newsgroups-file "~/my-mail/newsgroups"))
@end lisp
+Server variables are often called @dfn{server parameters}.
@node Servers and Methods
@subsection Servers and Methods
@vindex nnspool-sift-nov-with-sed
@cindex sed
If non-@code{nil}, which is the default, use @code{sed} to get the
-relevant portion from the overview file. If nil, @code{nnspool} will
-load the entire file into a buffer and process it there.
+relevant portion from the overview file. If @code{nil},
+@code{nnspool} will load the entire file into a buffer and process it
+there.
@end table
@vindex nnmail-mail-splitting-charset
@vindex nnmail-mail-splitting-decodes
-By default the splitting codes @sc{mime} decodes headers so you can match
-on non-ASCII strings. The @code{nnmail-mail-splitting-charset}
+By default the splitting codes @sc{mime} decodes headers so you can
+match on non-ASCII strings. The @code{nnmail-mail-splitting-charset}
variable specifies the default charset for decoding. The behaviour
can be turned off completely by binding
-@code{nnmail-mail-splitting-decodes} to nil, which is useful if you
-want to match articles based on the raw header data.
+@code{nnmail-mail-splitting-decodes} to @code{nil}, which is useful if
+you want to match articles based on the raw header data.
@vindex nnmail-resplit-incoming
-By default, splitting is performed on all incoming messages. If
-you specify a @code{directory} entry for the variable
-@code{mail-sources} @pxref{Mail Source Specifiers}, however, then
-splitting does @emph{not} happen by default. You can set the variable
-@code{nnmail-resplit-incoming} to a non-nil value to make splitting
-happen even in this case. (This variable has no effect on other kinds
-of entries.)
+By default, splitting is performed on all incoming messages. If you
+specify a @code{directory} entry for the variable @code{mail-sources}
+@pxref{Mail Source Specifiers}, however, then splitting does
+@emph{not} happen by default. You can set the variable
+@code{nnmail-resplit-incoming} to a non-@code{nil} value to make
+splitting happen even in this case. (This variable has no effect on
+other kinds of entries.)
Gnus gives you all the opportunity you could possibly want for shooting
yourself in the foot. Let's say you create a group that will contain
@item directory
@vindex nnmail-scan-directory-mail-source-once
-Get mail from several files in a directory. This is typically used when
-you have procmail split the incoming mail into several files. That is,
-there is a one-to-one correspondence between files in that directory and
-groups, so that mail from the file @file{foo.bar.spool} will be put in
-the group @code{foo.bar}. (You can change the suffix to be used instead
-of @code{.spool}.) Setting
-@code{nnmail-scan-directory-mail-source-once} to non-nil forces Gnus to
-scan the mail source only once. This is particularly useful if you want
-to scan mail groups at a specified level.
+Get mail from several files in a directory. This is typically used
+when you have procmail split the incoming mail into several files.
+That is, there is a one-to-one correspondence between files in that
+directory and groups, so that mail from the file @file{foo.bar.spool}
+will be put in the group @code{foo.bar}. (You can change the suffix
+to be used instead of @code{.spool}.) Setting
+@code{nnmail-scan-directory-mail-source-once} to non-@code{nil} forces
+Gnus to scan the mail source only once. This is particularly useful
+if you want to scan mail groups at a specified level.
@vindex nnmail-resplit-incoming
There is also the variable @code{nnmail-resplit-incoming}, if you set
-that to a non-nil value, then the normal splitting process is applied
-to all the files from the directory, @ref{Splitting Mail}.
+that to a non-@code{nil} value, then the normal splitting process is
+applied to all the files from the directory, @ref{Splitting Mail}.
Keywords:
but more flags are defined in RFC 2060 section 2.3.2.
@item :dontexpunge
-If non-nil, don't remove all articles marked as deleted in the mailbox
-after finishing the fetch.
+If non-@code{nil}, don't remove all articles marked as deleted in the
+mailbox after finishing the fetch.
@end table
prompted.
@item :dontexpunge
-If non-nil, only fetch unread articles and don't move them to trash
-folder after finishing the fetch.
+If non-@code{nil}, only fetch unread articles and don't move them to
+trash folder after finishing the fetch.
@end table
@table @code
@item :plugged
-If non-nil, fetch the mail even when Gnus is unplugged. If you use
-directory source to get mail, you can specify it as in this example:
+If non-@code{nil}, fetch the mail even when Gnus is unplugged. If you
+use directory source to get mail, you can specify it as in this
+example:
@lisp
(setq mail-sources
@item mail-source-delete-old-incoming-confirm
@vindex mail-source-delete-old-incoming-confirm
-If @code{non-nil}, ask for for confirmation before deleting old incoming
+If non-@code{nil}, ask for for confirmation before deleting old incoming
files. This variable only applies when
@code{mail-source-delete-incoming} is a positive number.
@item mail-source-movemail-program
@vindex mail-source-movemail-program
-If non-nil, name of program for fetching new mail. If nil,
-@code{movemail} in @var{exec-directory}.
+If non-@code{nil}, name of program for fetching new mail. If
+@code{nil}, @code{movemail} in @var{exec-directory}.
@end table
messages into the right group. With this function, you only have to do
it once per thread.
-To use this feature, you have to set @code{nnmail-treat-duplicates} and
-@code{nnmail-cache-accepted-message-ids} to a non-nil value. And then
-you can include @code{nnmail-split-fancy-with-parent} using the colon
-feature, like so:
+To use this feature, you have to set @code{nnmail-treat-duplicates}
+and @code{nnmail-cache-accepted-message-ids} to a non-@code{nil}
+value. And then you can include @code{nnmail-split-fancy-with-parent}
+using the colon feature, like so:
@lisp
(setq nnmail-treat-duplicates 'warn ; or 'delete
nnmail-cache-accepted-message-ids t
@end lisp
This feature works as follows: when @code{nnmail-treat-duplicates} is
-non-nil, Gnus records the message id of every message it sees in the
-file specified by the variable @code{nnmail-message-id-cache-file},
-together with the group it is in (the group is omitted for non-mail
-messages). When mail splitting is invoked, the function
-@code{nnmail-split-fancy-with-parent} then looks at the References (and
-In-Reply-To) header of each message to split and searches the file
-specified by @code{nnmail-message-id-cache-file} for the message ids.
-When it has found a parent, it returns the corresponding group name
-unless the group name matches the regexp
-@code{nnmail-split-fancy-with-parent-ignore-groups}. It is recommended
-that you set @code{nnmail-message-id-cache-length} to a somewhat higher
-number than the default so that the message ids are still in the cache.
-(A value of 5000 appears to create a file some 300 kBytes in size.)
+non-@code{nil}, Gnus records the message id of every message it sees
+in the file specified by the variable
+@code{nnmail-message-id-cache-file}, together with the group it is in
+(the group is omitted for non-mail messages). When mail splitting is
+invoked, the function @code{nnmail-split-fancy-with-parent} then looks
+at the References (and In-Reply-To) header of each message to split
+and searches the file specified by @code{nnmail-message-id-cache-file}
+for the message ids. When it has found a parent, it returns the
+corresponding group name unless the group name matches the regexp
+@code{nnmail-split-fancy-with-parent-ignore-groups}. It is
+recommended that you set @code{nnmail-message-id-cache-length} to a
+somewhat higher number than the default so that the message ids are
+still in the cache. (A value of 5000 appears to create a file some
+300 kBytes in size.)
@vindex nnmail-cache-accepted-message-ids
When @code{nnmail-cache-accepted-message-ids} is non-@code{nil}, Gnus
also records the message ids of moved articles, so that the followup
@item nnfolder-nov-directory
@vindex nnfolder-nov-directory
-The directory where the @sc{nov} files should be stored. If nil,
-@code{nnfolder-directory} is used.
+The directory where the @sc{nov} files should be stored. If
+@code{nil}, @code{nnfolder-directory} is used.
@item nnfolder-marks-is-evil
@vindex nnfolder-marks-is-evil
@item nnfolder-marks-directory
@vindex nnfolder-marks-directory
-The directory where the @sc{marks} files should be stored. If nil,
-@code{nnfolder-directory} is used.
+The directory where the @sc{marks} files should be stored. If
+@code{nil}, @code{nnfolder-directory} is used.
@end table
@item nnimap-importantize-dormant
@vindex nnimap-importantize-dormant
-If non-nil (the default), marks dormant articles as ticked (as well),
-for other @sc{imap} clients. Within Gnus, dormant articles will
+If non-@code{nil} (the default), marks dormant articles as ticked (as
+well), for other @sc{imap} clients. Within Gnus, dormant articles will
naturally still (only) be marked as dormant. This is to make dormant
articles stand out, just like ticked articles, in other @sc{imap}
clients. (In other words, Gnus has two ``Tick'' marks and @sc{imap}
@cindex crosspost
@vindex nnimap-split-crosspost
-If non-nil, do crossposting if several split methods match the mail. If
-nil, the first match in @code{nnimap-split-rule} found will be used.
+If non-@code{nil}, do crossposting if several split methods match the
+mail. If @code{nil}, the first match in @code{nnimap-split-rule}
+found will be used.
Nnmail equivalent: @code{nnmail-crosspost}.
@vindex nnimap-split-inbox
A string or a list of strings that gives the name(s) of @sc{imap}
-mailboxes to split from. Defaults to nil, which means that splitting is
-disabled!
+mailboxes to split from. Defaults to @code{nil}, which means that
+splitting is disabled!
@lisp
(setq nnimap-split-inbox
The second element can also be a function. In that case, it will be
called with the first element of the rule as the argument, in a buffer
-containing the headers of the article. It should return a non-nil value
-if it thinks that the mail belongs in that group.
+containing the headers of the article. It should return a
+non-@code{nil} value if it thinks that the mail belongs in that group.
Nnmail users might recollect that the last regexp had to be empty to
match all articles (like in the example above). This is not required in
@findex nnimap-split-download-body
@vindex nnimap-split-download-body
-Set to non-nil to download entire articles during splitting. This is
-generally not required, and will slow things down considerably. You
-may need it if you want to use an advanced splitting function that
-analyses the body to split the article.
+Set to non-@code{nil} to download entire articles during splitting.
+This is generally not required, and will slow things down
+considerably. You may need it if you want to use an advanced
+splitting function that analyses the body to split the article.
@end table
@vindex gnus-agent-cache
Variable to control whether use the locally stored @sc{nov} and
articles when plugged, e.g. essentially using the Agent as a cache.
-The default is non-nil, which means to use the Agent as a cache.
+The default is non-@code{nil}, which means to use the Agent as a cache.
@item gnus-agent-go-online
@vindex gnus-agent-go-online
group name, the @var{file-name} will be used as the home score file.
@item
-A function. If the function returns non-nil, the result will be used as
-the home score file.
+A function. If the function returns non-@code{nil}, the result will
+be used as the home score file.
@item
A string. Use the string as the home score file.
The blackhole check uses the @code{dig.el} package, but you can tell
@code{spam.el} to use @code{dns.el} instead for better performance if
-you set @code{spam-use-dig} to nil. It is not recommended at this
-time to set @code{spam-use-dig} to nil despite the possible
-performance improvements, because some users may be unable to use it,
-but you can try it and see if it works for you.
+you set @code{spam-use-dig} to @code{nil}. It is not recommended at
+this time to set @code{spam-use-dig} to @code{nil} despite the
+possible performance improvements, because some users may be unable to
+use it, but you can try it and see if it works for you.
@end defvar
@defvar spam-blackhole-good-server-regex
A regular expression for IPs that should not be checked against the
-blackhole server list. When set to nil, it has no effect.
+blackhole server list. When set to @code{nil}, it has no effect.
@end defvar
@item (nnchoke-request-update-info GROUP INFO &optional SERVER)
A Gnus group info (@pxref{Group Info}) is handed to the back end for
-alterations. This comes in handy if the back end really carries all the
-information (as is the case with virtual and imap groups). This
+alterations. This comes in handy if the back end really carries all
+the information (as is the case with virtual and imap groups). This
function should destructively alter the info to suit its needs, and
-should return a non-nil value.
+should return a non-@code{nil} value.
There should be no result data from this function.
projects / elisp / gnus.git- / commitdiff