XEmacs 21.2.18 "Toshima".

[chise/xemacs-chise.git.1] / src / redisplay-x.c

/* X output and frame manipulation routines.
   Copyright (C) 1994, 1995 Board of Trustees, University of Illinois.
   Copyright (C) 1994 Lucid, Inc.
   Copyright (C) 1995 Sun Microsystems, Inc.

This file is part of XEmacs.

XEmacs is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the
Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option) any
later version.

XEmacs is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
for more details.

You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
along with XEmacs; see the file COPYING.  If not, write to
the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330,
Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.  */

/* Synched up with:  Not in FSF. */

/* Author: Chuck Thompson */

/* Lots of work done by Ben Wing for Mule */

#include <config.h>
#include "lisp.h"

#include "console-x.h"
#include "EmacsFrame.h"
#include "EmacsFrameP.h"
#include "xgccache.h"
#include "glyphs-x.h"
#include "objects-x.h"

#include "buffer.h"
#include "debug.h"
#include "faces.h"
#include "frame.h"
#include "redisplay.h"
#include "sysdep.h"
#include "window.h"
#include <X11/bitmaps/gray>

#include "sysproc.h" /* for select() */

#ifdef MULE
#include "mule-ccl.h"
#include "file-coding.h" /* for CCL conversion */
#endif

/* Number of pixels below each line. */
/* #### implement me */
int x_interline_space;

#define EOL_CURSOR_WIDTH        5

static void x_output_pixmap (struct window *w, struct display_line *dl,
                             Lisp_Object image_instance, int xpos,
                             int xoffset,
                             int start_pixpos, int width, face_index findex,
                             int cursor_start, int cursor_width,
                             int cursor_height);
static void x_output_vertical_divider (struct window *w, int clear);
static void x_output_blank (struct window *w, struct display_line *dl,
                            struct rune *rb, int start_pixpos,
                            int cursor_start, int cursor_width);
static void x_output_hline (struct window *w, struct display_line *dl,
                            struct rune *rb);
static void x_redraw_exposed_window (struct window *w, int x, int y,
                                     int width, int height);
static void x_redraw_exposed_windows (Lisp_Object window, int x, int y,
                                      int width, int height);
static void x_output_eol_cursor (struct window *w, struct display_line *dl,
                                 int xpos, face_index findex);
static void x_clear_frame (struct frame *f);
static void x_clear_frame_windows (Lisp_Object window);
static void x_bevel_modeline (struct window *w, struct display_line *dl);


     /* Note: We do not use the Xmb*() functions and XFontSets.
        Those functions are generally losing for a number of reasons:

         1) They only support one locale (e.g. you could display
            Japanese and ASCII text, but not mixed Japanese/Chinese
            text).  You could maybe call setlocale() frequently
            to try to deal with this, but that would generally
            fail because an XFontSet is tied to one locale and
            won't have the other character sets in it.
         2) Not all (or even very many) OS's support the useful
            locales.  For example, as far as I know SunOS and
            Solaris only support the Japanese locale if you get the
            special Asian-language version of the OS.  Yuck yuck
            yuck.  Linux doesn't support the Japanese locale at
            all.
         3) The locale support in X only exists in R5, not in R4.
            (Not sure how big of a problem this is: how many
            people are using R4?)
         4) Who knows if the multi-byte text format (which is locale-
            specific) is even the same for the same locale on
            different OS's?  It's not even documented anywhere that
            I can find what the multi-byte text format for the
            Japanese locale under SunOS and Solaris is, but I assume
            it's EUC.
      */

struct textual_run
{
  Lisp_Object charset;
  unsigned char *ptr;
  int len;
  int dimension;
};

/* Separate out the text in DYN into a series of textual runs of a
   particular charset.  Also convert the characters as necessary into
   the format needed by XDrawImageString(), XDrawImageString16(), et
   al.  (This means converting to one or two byte format, possibly
   tweaking the high bits, and possibly running a CCL program.) You
   must pre-allocate the space used and pass it in. (This is done so
   you can alloca() the space.)  You need to allocate (2 * len) bytes
   of TEXT_STORAGE and (len * sizeof (struct textual_run)) bytes of
   RUN_STORAGE, where LEN is the length of the dynarr.

   Returns the number of runs actually used. */

static int
separate_textual_runs (unsigned char *text_storage,
                       struct textual_run *run_storage,
                       CONST Emchar *str, Charcount len)
{
  Lisp_Object prev_charset = Qunbound; /* not Qnil because that is a
                                          possible valid charset when
                                          MULE is not defined */
  int runs_so_far = 0;
  int i;
#ifdef MULE
  struct ccl_program char_converter;
  int need_ccl_conversion = 0;
#endif

  for (i = 0; i < len; i++)
    {
      Emchar ch = str[i];
      Lisp_Object charset;
      int byte1, byte2;
      int dimension;
      int graphic;

      BREAKUP_CHAR (ch, charset, byte1, byte2);
      dimension = XCHARSET_DIMENSION (charset);
      graphic   = XCHARSET_GRAPHIC   (charset);

      if (!EQ (charset, prev_charset))
        {
          run_storage[runs_so_far].ptr       = text_storage;
          run_storage[runs_so_far].charset   = charset;
          run_storage[runs_so_far].dimension = dimension;

          if (runs_so_far)
            {
              run_storage[runs_so_far - 1].len =
                text_storage - run_storage[runs_so_far - 1].ptr;
              if (run_storage[runs_so_far - 1].dimension == 2)
                run_storage[runs_so_far - 1].len >>= 1;
            }
          runs_so_far++;
          prev_charset = charset;
#ifdef MULE
          {
            Lisp_Object ccl_prog = XCHARSET_CCL_PROGRAM (charset);
            need_ccl_conversion = !NILP (ccl_prog);
            if (need_ccl_conversion)
              setup_ccl_program (&char_converter, ccl_prog);
          }
#endif
        }

      if (graphic == 0)
        {
          byte1 &= 0x7F;
          byte2 &= 0x7F;
        }
      else if (graphic == 1)
        {
          byte1 |= 0x80;
          byte2 |= 0x80;
        }
#ifdef MULE
      if (need_ccl_conversion)
        {
          char_converter.reg[0] = XCHARSET_ID (charset);
          char_converter.reg[1] = byte1;
          char_converter.reg[2] = byte2;
          ccl_driver (&char_converter, 0, 0, 0, 0, CCL_MODE_ENCODING);
          byte1 = char_converter.reg[1];
          byte2 = char_converter.reg[2];
        }
#endif
      *text_storage++ = (unsigned char) byte1;
      if (dimension == 2)
        *text_storage++ = (unsigned char) byte2;
    }

  if (runs_so_far)
    {
      run_storage[runs_so_far - 1].len =
        text_storage - run_storage[runs_so_far - 1].ptr;
      if (run_storage[runs_so_far - 1].dimension == 2)
        run_storage[runs_so_far - 1].len >>= 1;
    }

  return runs_so_far;
}

/****************************************************************************/
/*                                                                          */
/*                           X output routines                              */
/*                                                                          */
/****************************************************************************/

static int
x_text_width_single_run (struct face_cachel *cachel, struct textual_run *run)
{
  Lisp_Object font_inst = FACE_CACHEL_FONT (cachel, run->charset);
  struct Lisp_Font_Instance *fi = XFONT_INSTANCE (font_inst);
  if (!fi->proportional_p)
    return fi->width * run->len;
  else
    {
      if (run->dimension == 2)
        return XTextWidth16 (FONT_INSTANCE_X_FONT (fi),
                             (XChar2b *) run->ptr, run->len);
      else
        return XTextWidth (FONT_INSTANCE_X_FONT (fi),
                           (char *) run->ptr, run->len);
    }
}

/*
   x_text_width

   Given a string and a face, return the string's length in pixels when
   displayed in the font associated with the face.
   */

static int
x_text_width (struct frame *f, struct face_cachel *cachel, CONST Emchar *str,
              Charcount len)
{
  int width_so_far = 0;
  unsigned char *text_storage = (unsigned char *) alloca (2 * len);
  struct textual_run *runs = alloca_array (struct textual_run, len);
  int nruns;
  int i;

  nruns = separate_textual_runs (text_storage, runs, str, len);

  for (i = 0; i < nruns; i++)
    width_so_far += x_text_width_single_run (cachel, runs + i);

  return width_so_far;
}

/*****************************************************************************
 x_divider_height

 Return the height of the horizontal divider.  This is a function because
 divider_height is a device method.

 #### If we add etched horizontal divider lines this will have to get
 smarter.
 ****************************************************************************/
static int
x_divider_height (void)
{
  return 1;
}

/*****************************************************************************
 x_eol_cursor_width

 Return the width of the end-of-line cursor.  This is a function
 because eol_cursor_width is a device method.
 ****************************************************************************/
static int
x_eol_cursor_width (void)
{
  return EOL_CURSOR_WIDTH;
}

/*****************************************************************************
 x_output_begin

 Perform any necessary initialization prior to an update.
 ****************************************************************************/
static void
x_output_begin (struct device *d)
{
}

/*****************************************************************************
 x_output_end

 Perform any necessary flushing of queues when an update has completed.
 ****************************************************************************/
static void
x_output_end (struct device *d)
{
  XFlush (DEVICE_X_DISPLAY (d));
}

/*****************************************************************************
 x_output_display_block

 Given a display line, a block number for that start line, output all
 runes between start and end in the specified display block.
 ****************************************************************************/
static void
x_output_display_block (struct window *w, struct display_line *dl, int block,
                        int start, int end, int start_pixpos, int cursor_start,
                        int cursor_width, int cursor_height)
{
  struct frame *f = XFRAME (w->frame);
  Emchar_dynarr *buf = Dynarr_new (Emchar);
  Lisp_Object window;

  struct display_block *db = Dynarr_atp (dl->display_blocks, block);
  rune_dynarr *rba = db->runes;
  struct rune *rb;

  int elt = start;
  face_index findex;
  int xpos, width;
  Lisp_Object charset = Qunbound; /* Qnil is a valid charset when
                                     MULE is not defined */

  XSETWINDOW (window, w);
  rb = Dynarr_atp (rba, start);

  if (!rb)
    {
      /* Nothing to do so don't do anything. */
      return;
    }
  else
    {
      findex = rb->findex;
      xpos = rb->xpos;
      width = 0;
      if (rb->type == RUNE_CHAR)
        charset = CHAR_CHARSET (rb->object.chr.ch);
    }

  if (end < 0)
    end = Dynarr_length (rba);
  Dynarr_reset (buf);

  while (elt < end)
    {
      rb = Dynarr_atp (rba, elt);

      if (rb->findex == findex && rb->type == RUNE_CHAR
          && rb->object.chr.ch != '\n' && rb->cursor_type != CURSOR_ON
          && EQ (charset, CHAR_CHARSET (rb->object.chr.ch)))
        {
          Dynarr_add (buf, rb->object.chr.ch);
          width += rb->width;
          elt++;
        }
      else
        {
          if (Dynarr_length (buf))
            {
              x_output_string (w, dl, buf, xpos, 0, start_pixpos, width,
                               findex, 0, cursor_start, cursor_width,
                               cursor_height);
              xpos = rb->xpos;
              width = 0;
            }
          Dynarr_reset (buf);
          width = 0;

          if (rb->type == RUNE_CHAR)
            {
              findex = rb->findex;
              xpos = rb->xpos;
              charset = CHAR_CHARSET (rb->object.chr.ch);

              if (rb->cursor_type == CURSOR_ON)
                {
                  if (rb->object.chr.ch == '\n')
                    {
                      x_output_eol_cursor (w, dl, xpos, findex);
                    }
                  else
                    {
                      Dynarr_add (buf, rb->object.chr.ch);
                      x_output_string (w, dl, buf, xpos, 0, start_pixpos,
                                       rb->width, findex, 1,
                                       cursor_start, cursor_width,
                                       cursor_height);
                      Dynarr_reset (buf);
                    }

                  xpos += rb->width;
                  elt++;
                }
              else if (rb->object.chr.ch == '\n')
                {
                  /* Clear in case a cursor was formerly here. */
                  int height = dl->ascent + dl->descent - dl->clip;

                  redisplay_clear_region (window, findex, xpos, dl->ypos - dl->ascent,
                                  rb->width, height);
                  elt++;
                }
            }
          else if (rb->type == RUNE_BLANK || rb->type == RUNE_HLINE)
            {
              if (rb->type == RUNE_BLANK)
                x_output_blank (w, dl, rb, start_pixpos, cursor_start,
                                cursor_width);
              else
                {
                  /* #### Our flagging of when we need to redraw the
                     modeline shadows sucks.  Since RUNE_HLINE is only used
                     by the modeline at the moment it is a good bet
                     that if it gets redrawn then we should also
                     redraw the shadows.  This won't be true forever.
                     We borrow the shadow_thickness_changed flag for
                     now. */
                  w->shadow_thickness_changed = 1;
                  x_output_hline (w, dl, rb);
                }

              elt++;
              if (elt < end)
                {
                  rb = Dynarr_atp (rba, elt);

                  findex = rb->findex;
                  xpos = rb->xpos;
                }
            }
          else if (rb->type == RUNE_DGLYPH)
            {
              Lisp_Object instance;

              XSETWINDOW (window, w);
              instance = glyph_image_instance (rb->object.dglyph.glyph,
                                               window, ERROR_ME_NOT, 1);
              findex = rb->findex;

              if (IMAGE_INSTANCEP (instance))
                switch (XIMAGE_INSTANCE_TYPE (instance))
                  {
                  case IMAGE_TEXT:
                    {
                      /* #### This is way losing.  See the comment in
                         add_glyph_rune(). */
                      Lisp_Object string =
                        XIMAGE_INSTANCE_TEXT_STRING (instance);
                      convert_bufbyte_string_into_emchar_dynarr
                        (XSTRING_DATA (string), XSTRING_LENGTH (string), buf);

                      x_output_string (w, dl, buf, xpos,
                                       rb->object.dglyph.xoffset,
                                       start_pixpos, -1, findex,
                                       (rb->cursor_type == CURSOR_ON),
                                       cursor_start, cursor_width,
                                       cursor_height);
                      Dynarr_reset (buf);
                    }
                    break;

                  case IMAGE_MONO_PIXMAP:
                  case IMAGE_COLOR_PIXMAP:
                    x_output_pixmap (w, dl, instance, xpos,
                                     rb->object.dglyph.xoffset, start_pixpos,
                                     rb->width, findex, cursor_start,
                                     cursor_width, cursor_height);
                    break;

                  case IMAGE_POINTER:
                    abort ();

                  case IMAGE_WIDGET:
                  case IMAGE_SUBWINDOW:
                    redisplay_output_subwindow (w, dl, instance, xpos,
                                                rb->object.dglyph.xoffset, start_pixpos,
                                                rb->width, findex, cursor_start,
                                                cursor_width, cursor_height);

                  case IMAGE_NOTHING:
                    /* nothing is as nothing does */
                    break;

                  default:
                    abort ();
                  }

              xpos += rb->width;
              elt++;
            }
          else
            abort ();
        }
    }

  if (Dynarr_length (buf))
    x_output_string (w, dl, buf, xpos, 0, start_pixpos, width, findex,
                     0, cursor_start, cursor_width, cursor_height);

  /* #### This is really conditionalized well for optimized
     performance. */
  if (dl->modeline
      && !EQ (Qzero, w->modeline_shadow_thickness)
      && (f->clear
          || f->windows_structure_changed
          || w->shadow_thickness_changed))
    x_bevel_modeline (w, dl);

  Dynarr_free (buf);
}

/*****************************************************************************
 x_bevel_modeline

 Draw a 3d border around the modeline on window W.
 ****************************************************************************/
static void
x_bevel_modeline (struct window *w, struct display_line *dl)
{
  struct frame *f = XFRAME (w->frame);
  struct device *d = XDEVICE (f->device);
  Display *dpy = DEVICE_X_DISPLAY (d);
  Window x_win = XtWindow (FRAME_X_TEXT_WIDGET (f));
  EmacsFrame ef = (EmacsFrame) FRAME_X_TEXT_WIDGET (f);
  GC top_shadow_gc, bottom_shadow_gc, background_gc;
  Pixel top_shadow_pixel, bottom_shadow_pixel, background_pixel;
  XColor tmp_color;
  Lisp_Object tmp_pixel;
  int x, y, width, height;
  XGCValues gcv;
  unsigned long mask;
  int use_pixmap = 0;
  int flip_gcs = 0;
  int shadow_thickness;

  memset (&gcv, ~0, sizeof (XGCValues));

  tmp_pixel = WINDOW_FACE_CACHEL_BACKGROUND (w, MODELINE_INDEX);
  tmp_color = COLOR_INSTANCE_X_COLOR (XCOLOR_INSTANCE (tmp_pixel));

  /* First, get the GC's. */
  top_shadow_pixel = tmp_color.pixel;
  bottom_shadow_pixel = tmp_color.pixel;
  background_pixel = tmp_color.pixel;

  x_generate_shadow_pixels (f, &top_shadow_pixel, &bottom_shadow_pixel,
                            background_pixel, ef->core.background_pixel);

  tmp_pixel = WINDOW_FACE_CACHEL_FOREGROUND (w, MODELINE_INDEX);
  tmp_color = COLOR_INSTANCE_X_COLOR (XCOLOR_INSTANCE (tmp_pixel));
  gcv.background = tmp_color.pixel;
  gcv.graphics_exposures = False;
  mask = GCForeground | GCBackground | GCGraphicsExposures;

  if (top_shadow_pixel == background_pixel ||
      bottom_shadow_pixel == background_pixel)
    use_pixmap = 1;

  if (use_pixmap)
    {
      if (DEVICE_X_GRAY_PIXMAP (d) == None)
        {
          DEVICE_X_GRAY_PIXMAP (d) =
            XCreatePixmapFromBitmapData (dpy, x_win, (char *) gray_bits,
                                         gray_width, gray_height, 1, 0, 1);
        }

      tmp_pixel = WINDOW_FACE_CACHEL_BACKGROUND (w, MODELINE_INDEX);
      tmp_color = COLOR_INSTANCE_X_COLOR (XCOLOR_INSTANCE (tmp_pixel));
      gcv.foreground = tmp_color.pixel;
      gcv.fill_style = FillOpaqueStippled;
      gcv.stipple = DEVICE_X_GRAY_PIXMAP (d);
      top_shadow_gc = gc_cache_lookup (DEVICE_X_GC_CACHE (d), &gcv,
                                       (mask | GCStipple | GCFillStyle));

      tmp_pixel = WINDOW_FACE_CACHEL_FOREGROUND (w, MODELINE_INDEX);
      tmp_color = COLOR_INSTANCE_X_COLOR (XCOLOR_INSTANCE (tmp_pixel));
      bottom_shadow_pixel = tmp_color.pixel;

      flip_gcs = (bottom_shadow_pixel ==
                  WhitePixelOfScreen (DefaultScreenOfDisplay (dpy)));
    }
  else
    {
      gcv.foreground = top_shadow_pixel;
      top_shadow_gc = gc_cache_lookup (DEVICE_X_GC_CACHE (d), &gcv, mask);
    }

  gcv.foreground = bottom_shadow_pixel;
  bottom_shadow_gc = gc_cache_lookup (DEVICE_X_GC_CACHE (d), &gcv, mask);

  if (use_pixmap && flip_gcs)
    {
      GC tmp_gc = bottom_shadow_gc;
      bottom_shadow_gc = top_shadow_gc;
      top_shadow_gc = tmp_gc;
    }

  gcv.foreground = background_pixel;
  background_gc = gc_cache_lookup (DEVICE_X_GC_CACHE (d), &gcv, mask);

  if (XINT (w->modeline_shadow_thickness) < 0)
    {
      GC temp;

      temp = top_shadow_gc;
      top_shadow_gc = bottom_shadow_gc;
      bottom_shadow_gc = temp;
    }

  shadow_thickness = MODELINE_SHADOW_THICKNESS (w);

  x = WINDOW_MODELINE_LEFT (w);
  width = WINDOW_MODELINE_RIGHT (w) - x;
  y = dl->ypos - dl->ascent - shadow_thickness;
  height = dl->ascent + dl->descent + 2 * shadow_thickness;

  x_output_shadows (f, x, y, width, height, top_shadow_gc, bottom_shadow_gc,
                    background_gc, shadow_thickness);
}

/*****************************************************************************
 x_get_gc

 Given a number of parameters return a GC with those properties.
 ****************************************************************************/
static GC
x_get_gc (struct device *d, Lisp_Object font, Lisp_Object fg, Lisp_Object bg,
          Lisp_Object bg_pmap, Lisp_Object lwidth)
{
  XGCValues gcv;
  unsigned long mask;

  memset (&gcv, ~0, sizeof (XGCValues));
  gcv.graphics_exposures = False;
  /* Make absolutely sure that we don't pick up a clipping region in
     the GC returned by this function. */
  gcv.clip_mask = None;
  gcv.clip_x_origin = 0;
  gcv.clip_y_origin = 0;
  gcv.fill_style = FillSolid;
  mask = GCGraphicsExposures | GCClipMask | GCClipXOrigin | GCClipYOrigin;
  mask |= GCFillStyle;

  if (!NILP (font))
    {
      gcv.font = FONT_INSTANCE_X_FONT (XFONT_INSTANCE (font))->fid;
      mask |= GCFont;
    }

  /* evil kludge! */
  if (!NILP (fg) && !COLOR_INSTANCEP (fg) && !INTP (fg))
    {
      /* #### I fixed once case where this was getting it.  It was a
         bad macro expansion (compiler bug). */
      fprintf (stderr, "Help! x_get_gc got a bogus fg value! fg = ");
      debug_print (fg);
      fg = Qnil;
    }

  if (!NILP (fg))
    {
      if (COLOR_INSTANCEP (fg))
        gcv.foreground = COLOR_INSTANCE_X_COLOR (XCOLOR_INSTANCE (fg)).pixel;
      else
        gcv.foreground = XINT (fg);
      mask |= GCForeground;
    }

  if (!NILP (bg))
    {
      if (COLOR_INSTANCEP (bg))
        gcv.background = COLOR_INSTANCE_X_COLOR (XCOLOR_INSTANCE (bg)).pixel;
      else
        gcv.background = XINT (bg);
      mask |= GCBackground;
    }

  /* This special case comes from a request to draw text with a face which has
     the dim property. We'll use a stippled foreground GC. */
  if (EQ (bg_pmap, Qdim))
    {
      assert (DEVICE_X_GRAY_PIXMAP (d) != None);

      gcv.fill_style = FillStippled;
      gcv.stipple = DEVICE_X_GRAY_PIXMAP (d);
      mask |= (GCFillStyle | GCStipple);
    }
  else  if (IMAGE_INSTANCEP (bg_pmap)
            && IMAGE_INSTANCE_PIXMAP_TYPE_P (XIMAGE_INSTANCE (bg_pmap)))
    {
      if (XIMAGE_INSTANCE_PIXMAP_DEPTH (bg_pmap) == 0)
        {
          gcv.fill_style = FillOpaqueStippled;
          gcv.stipple = XIMAGE_INSTANCE_X_PIXMAP (bg_pmap);
          mask |= (GCStipple | GCFillStyle);
        }
      else
        {
          gcv.fill_style = FillTiled;
          gcv.tile = XIMAGE_INSTANCE_X_PIXMAP (bg_pmap);
          mask |= (GCTile | GCFillStyle);
        }
    }

  if (!NILP (lwidth))
    {
      gcv.line_width = XINT (lwidth);
      mask |= GCLineWidth;
    }

  return gc_cache_lookup (DEVICE_X_GC_CACHE (d), &gcv, mask);
}

/*****************************************************************************
 x_output_string

 Given a string and a starting position, output that string in the
 given face.  If cursor is true, draw a cursor around the string.
 Correctly handles multiple charsets in the string.

 The meaning of the parameters is something like this:

 W              Window that the text is to be displayed in.
 DL             Display line that this text is on.  The values in the
                structure are used to determine the vertical position and
                clipping range of the text.
 BUF            Dynamic array of Emchars specifying what is actually to be
                drawn.
 XPOS           X position in pixels where the text should start being drawn.
 XOFFSET        Number of pixels to be chopped off the left side of the
                text.  The effect is as if the text were shifted to the
                left this many pixels and clipped at XPOS.
 CLIP_START     Clip everything left of this X position.
 WIDTH          Clip everything right of XPOS + WIDTH.
 FINDEX         Index for the face cache element describing how to display
                the text.
 CURSOR         #### I don't understand this.  There's something
                strange and overcomplexified with this variable.
                Chuck, explain please?
 CURSOR_START   Starting X position of cursor.
 CURSOR_WIDTH   Width of cursor in pixels.
 CURSOR_HEIGHT  Height of cursor in pixels.

 Starting Y position of cursor is the top of the text line.
 The cursor is drawn sometimes whether or not CURSOR is set. ???
 ****************************************************************************/
void
x_output_string (struct window *w, struct display_line *dl,
                 Emchar_dynarr *buf, int xpos, int xoffset, int clip_start,
                 int width, face_index findex, int cursor,
                 int cursor_start, int cursor_width, int cursor_height)
{
  /* General variables */
  struct frame *f = XFRAME (w->frame);
  struct device *d = XDEVICE (f->device);
  Lisp_Object device;
  Lisp_Object window;
  Display *dpy = DEVICE_X_DISPLAY (d);
  Window x_win = XtWindow (FRAME_X_TEXT_WIDGET (f));

  int clip_end;

  /* Cursor-related variables */
  int focus = EQ (w->frame, DEVICE_FRAME_WITH_FOCUS_REAL (d));
  int cursor_clip;
  Lisp_Object bar_cursor_value = symbol_value_in_buffer (Qbar_cursor,
                                                         WINDOW_BUFFER (w));
  struct face_cachel *cursor_cachel = 0;

  /* Text-related variables */
  Lisp_Object bg_pmap;
  GC bgc, gc;
  int height;
  int len = Dynarr_length (buf);
  unsigned char *text_storage = (unsigned char *) alloca (2 * len);
  struct textual_run *runs = alloca_array (struct textual_run, len);
  int nruns;
  int i;
  struct face_cachel *cachel = WINDOW_FACE_CACHEL (w, findex);

  XSETDEVICE (device, d);
  XSETWINDOW (window, w);

  if (width < 0)
    width = x_text_width (f, cachel, Dynarr_atp (buf, 0), Dynarr_length (buf));
  height = dl->ascent + dl->descent - dl->clip;

  /* Regularize the variables passed in. */

  if (clip_start < xpos)
    clip_start = xpos;
  clip_end = xpos + width;
  if (clip_start >= clip_end)
    /* It's all clipped out. */
    return;

  xpos -= xoffset;

  nruns = separate_textual_runs (text_storage, runs, Dynarr_atp (buf, 0),
                                 Dynarr_length (buf));

  cursor_clip = (cursor_start >= clip_start &&
                 cursor_start < clip_end);

  /* This cursor code is really a mess. */
  if (!NILP (w->text_cursor_visible_p)
      && (cursor
          || cursor_clip
          || (cursor_width
              && (cursor_start + cursor_width >= clip_start)
              && !NILP (bar_cursor_value))))
    {
      /* These have to be in separate statements in order to avoid a
         compiler bug. */
      face_index sucks = get_builtin_face_cache_index (w, Vtext_cursor_face);
      cursor_cachel = WINDOW_FACE_CACHEL (w, sucks);

      /* We have to reset this since any call to WINDOW_FACE_CACHEL
         may cause the cache to resize and any pointers to it to
         become invalid. */
      cachel = WINDOW_FACE_CACHEL (w, findex);
    }

#if defined(HAVE_XIM) && defined(XIM_XLIB)
  if (cursor && focus && (cursor_start == clip_start) && cursor_height)
    if (FRAME_X_XIC(f))
      XIM_SetSpotLocation (f, xpos - 2, dl->ypos + dl->descent - 2);
#endif /* HAVE_XIM && XIM_XLIB */

  bg_pmap = cachel->background_pixmap;
  if (!IMAGE_INSTANCEP (bg_pmap)
      || !IMAGE_INSTANCE_PIXMAP_TYPE_P (XIMAGE_INSTANCE (bg_pmap)))
    bg_pmap = Qnil;

  if ((cursor && focus && NILP (bar_cursor_value)
       && !NILP (w->text_cursor_visible_p)) || NILP (bg_pmap))
    bgc = 0;
  else
    bgc = x_get_gc (d, Qnil, cachel->foreground, cachel->background,
                    bg_pmap, Qnil);

  if (bgc)
    XFillRectangle (dpy, x_win, bgc, clip_start,
                    dl->ypos - dl->ascent, clip_end - clip_start,
                    height);

  for (i = 0; i < nruns; i++)
    {
      Lisp_Object font = FACE_CACHEL_FONT (cachel, runs[i].charset);
      struct Lisp_Font_Instance *fi = XFONT_INSTANCE (font);
      int this_width;
      int need_clipping;

      if (EQ (font, Vthe_null_font_instance))
        continue;

      this_width = x_text_width_single_run (cachel, runs + i);
      need_clipping = (dl->clip || clip_start > xpos ||
                       clip_end < xpos + this_width);

      /* XDrawImageString only clears the area equal to the height of
         the given font.  It is possible that a font is being displayed
         on a line taller than it is, so this would cause us to fail to
         clear some areas. */
      if ((int) fi->height < (int) (height + dl->clip))
        {
          int clear_start = max (xpos, clip_start);
          int clear_end = min (xpos + this_width, clip_end);

          if (cursor)
            {
              int ypos1_line, ypos1_string, ypos2_line, ypos2_string;

              ypos1_string = dl->ypos - fi->ascent;
              ypos2_string = dl->ypos + fi->descent;
              ypos1_line = dl->ypos - dl->ascent;
              ypos2_line = dl->ypos + dl->descent - dl->clip;

              /* Make sure we don't clear below the real bottom of the
                 line. */
              if (ypos1_string > ypos2_line)
                ypos1_string = ypos2_line;
              if (ypos2_string > ypos2_line)
                ypos2_string = ypos2_line;

              if (ypos1_line < ypos1_string)
                {
                  redisplay_clear_region (window, findex, clear_start, ypos1_line,
                                  clear_end - clear_start,
                                  ypos1_string - ypos1_line);
                }

              if (ypos2_line > ypos2_string)
                {
                  redisplay_clear_region (window, findex, clear_start, ypos2_string,
                                  clear_end - clear_start,
                                  ypos2_line - ypos2_string);
                }
            }
          else
            {
              redisplay_clear_region (window, findex, clear_start,
                              dl->ypos - dl->ascent, clear_end - clear_start,
                              height);
            }
        }

      if (cursor && cursor_cachel && focus && NILP (bar_cursor_value))
        gc = x_get_gc (d, font, cursor_cachel->foreground,
                       cursor_cachel->background, Qnil, Qnil);
      else if (cachel->dim)
        {
          /* Ensure the gray bitmap exists */
          if (DEVICE_X_GRAY_PIXMAP (d) == None)
            DEVICE_X_GRAY_PIXMAP (d) =
              XCreateBitmapFromData (dpy, x_win, (char *)gray_bits,
                                     gray_width, gray_height);

          /* Request a GC with the gray stipple pixmap to draw dimmed text */
          gc = x_get_gc (d, font, cachel->foreground, cachel->background,
                         Qdim, Qnil);
        }
      else
        gc = x_get_gc (d, font, cachel->foreground, cachel->background,
                       Qnil, Qnil);

      if (need_clipping)
        {
          XRectangle clip_box[1];

          clip_box[0].x = 0;
          clip_box[0].y = 0;
          clip_box[0].width = clip_end - clip_start;
          clip_box[0].height = height;

          XSetClipRectangles (dpy, gc, clip_start, dl->ypos - dl->ascent,
                              clip_box, 1, Unsorted);
        }

      if (runs[i].dimension == 1)
        (bgc ? XDrawString : XDrawImageString) (dpy, x_win, gc, xpos,
                                                dl->ypos, (char *) runs[i].ptr,
                                                runs[i].len);
      else
        (bgc ? XDrawString16 : XDrawImageString16) (dpy, x_win, gc, xpos,
                                                    dl->ypos,
                                                    (XChar2b *) runs[i].ptr,
                                                    runs[i].len);

      /* We draw underlines in the same color as the text. */
      if (cachel->underline)
        {
          unsigned long upos, uthick;
          XFontStruct *xfont;

          xfont = FONT_INSTANCE_X_FONT (XFONT_INSTANCE (font));
          if (!XGetFontProperty (xfont, XA_UNDERLINE_POSITION, &upos))
            upos = dl->descent / 2;
          if (!XGetFontProperty (xfont, XA_UNDERLINE_THICKNESS, &uthick))
            uthick = 1;

          if (dl->ypos + upos < dl->ypos + dl->descent - dl->clip)
            {
              if (dl->ypos + upos + uthick > dl->ypos + dl->descent - dl->clip)
                uthick = dl->descent - dl->clip - upos;

              if (uthick == 1)
                {
                  XDrawLine (dpy, x_win, gc, xpos, dl->ypos + upos,
                             xpos + this_width, dl->ypos + upos);
                }
              else if (uthick > 1)
                {
                  XFillRectangle (dpy, x_win, gc, xpos,
                                  dl->ypos + upos, this_width, uthick);
                }
            }
        }

      if (cachel->strikethru) {
        unsigned long ascent,descent,upos, uthick;
        XFontStruct *xfont;

        xfont = FONT_INSTANCE_X_FONT (XFONT_INSTANCE (font));

        if (!XGetFontProperty (xfont, XA_STRIKEOUT_ASCENT, &ascent))
          ascent = xfont->ascent;
        if (!XGetFontProperty (xfont, XA_STRIKEOUT_DESCENT, &descent))
          descent = xfont->descent;
        if (!XGetFontProperty (xfont, XA_UNDERLINE_THICKNESS, &uthick))
          uthick = 1;

        upos = ascent - ((ascent + descent) / 2) + 1;

        /* Generally, upos will be positive (above the baseline),so subtract */
        if (dl->ypos - upos < dl->ypos + dl->descent - dl->clip)
          {
            if (dl->ypos - upos + uthick > dl->ypos + dl->descent - dl->clip)
              uthick = dl->descent - dl->clip + upos;

            if (uthick == 1)
              {
                XDrawLine (dpy, x_win, gc, xpos, dl->ypos - upos,
                           xpos + this_width, dl->ypos - upos);
              }
            else if (uthick > 1)
              {
                XFillRectangle (dpy, x_win, gc, xpos, dl->ypos + upos,
                                this_width, uthick);
              }
          }
      }

      /* Restore the GC */
      if (need_clipping)
        {
          XSetClipMask (dpy, gc, None);
          XSetClipOrigin (dpy, gc, 0, 0);
        }

      /* If we are actually superimposing the cursor then redraw with just
         the appropriate section highlighted. */
      if (cursor_clip && !cursor && focus && cursor_cachel)
        {
          GC cgc;
          XRectangle clip_box[1];

          cgc = x_get_gc (d, font, cursor_cachel->foreground,
                          cursor_cachel->background, Qnil, Qnil);

          clip_box[0].x = 0;
          clip_box[0].y = 0;
          clip_box[0].width = cursor_width;
          clip_box[0].height = height;

          XSetClipRectangles (dpy, cgc, cursor_start, dl->ypos - dl->ascent,
                              clip_box, 1, Unsorted);

          if (runs[i].dimension == 1)
            XDrawImageString (dpy, x_win, cgc, xpos, dl->ypos,
                              (char *) runs[i].ptr, runs[i].len);
          else
            XDrawImageString16 (dpy, x_win, cgc, xpos, dl->ypos,
                                (XChar2b *) runs[i].ptr, runs[i].len);

          XSetClipMask (dpy, cgc, None);
          XSetClipOrigin (dpy, cgc, 0, 0);
        }

      xpos += this_width;
    }

  /* Draw the non-focus box or bar-cursor as needed. */
  /* Can't this logic be simplified? */
  if (cursor_cachel
      && ((cursor && !focus && NILP (bar_cursor_value))
          || (cursor_width
              && (cursor_start + cursor_width >= clip_start)
              && !NILP (bar_cursor_value))))
    {
      int tmp_height, tmp_y;
      int bar_width = EQ (bar_cursor_value, Qt) ? 1 : 2;
      int need_clipping = (cursor_start < clip_start
                           || clip_end < cursor_start + cursor_width);

      /* #### This value is correct (as far as I know) because
         all of the times we need to draw this cursor, we will
         be called with exactly one character, so we know we
         can always use runs[0].

         This is bogus as all hell, however.  The cursor handling in
         this function is way bogus and desperately needs to be
         cleaned up. (In particular, the drawing of the cursor should
         really really be separated out of this function.  This may be
         a bit tricky now because this function itself does way too
         much stuff, a lot of which needs to be moved into
         redisplay.c) This is the only way to be able to easily add
         new cursor types or (e.g.) make the bar cursor be able to
         span two characters instead of overlaying just one. */
      int bogusly_obtained_ascent_value =
        XFONT_INSTANCE (FACE_CACHEL_FONT (cachel, runs[0].charset))->ascent;

      if (!NILP (bar_cursor_value))
        {
          gc = x_get_gc (d, Qnil, cursor_cachel->background, Qnil, Qnil,
                         make_int (bar_width));
        }
      else
        {
          gc = x_get_gc (d, Qnil, cursor_cachel->background,
                         Qnil, Qnil, Qnil);
        }

      tmp_y = dl->ypos - bogusly_obtained_ascent_value;
      tmp_height = cursor_height;
      if (tmp_y + tmp_height > (int) (dl->ypos - dl->ascent + height))
        {
          tmp_y = dl->ypos - dl->ascent + height - tmp_height;
          if (tmp_y < (int) (dl->ypos - dl->ascent))
            tmp_y = dl->ypos - dl->ascent;
          tmp_height = dl->ypos - dl->ascent + height - tmp_y;
        }

      if (need_clipping)
        {
          XRectangle clip_box[1];
          clip_box[0].x = 0;
          clip_box[0].y = 0;
          clip_box[0].width = clip_end - clip_start;
          clip_box[0].height = tmp_height;
          XSetClipRectangles (dpy, gc, clip_start, tmp_y,
                              clip_box, 1, Unsorted);
        }

      if (!focus && NILP (bar_cursor_value))
        {
          XDrawRectangle (dpy, x_win, gc, cursor_start, tmp_y,
                          cursor_width - 1, tmp_height - 1);
        }
      else if (focus && !NILP (bar_cursor_value))
        {
          XDrawLine (dpy, x_win, gc, cursor_start + bar_width - 1, tmp_y,
                     cursor_start + bar_width - 1, tmp_y + tmp_height - 1);
        }

      /* Restore the GC */
      if (need_clipping)
        {
          XSetClipMask (dpy, gc, None);
          XSetClipOrigin (dpy, gc, 0, 0);
        }
    }
}

void
x_output_x_pixmap (struct frame *f, struct Lisp_Image_Instance *p, int x,
                   int y, int clip_x, int clip_y, int clip_width,
                   int clip_height, int width, int height, int pixmap_offset,
                   unsigned long fg, unsigned long bg, GC override_gc)
{
  struct device *d = XDEVICE (f->device);
  Display *dpy = DEVICE_X_DISPLAY (d);
  Window x_win = XtWindow (FRAME_X_TEXT_WIDGET (f));

  GC gc;
  XGCValues gcv;
  unsigned long pixmap_mask;
  int need_clipping = (clip_x || clip_y);

  if (!override_gc)
    {
      memset (&gcv, ~0, sizeof (XGCValues));
      gcv.graphics_exposures = False;
      gcv.foreground = fg;
      gcv.background = bg;
      pixmap_mask = GCForeground | GCBackground | GCGraphicsExposures;

      if (IMAGE_INSTANCE_X_MASK (p))
        {
          gcv.function = GXcopy;
          gcv.clip_mask = IMAGE_INSTANCE_X_MASK (p);
          gcv.clip_x_origin = x;
          gcv.clip_y_origin = y - pixmap_offset;
          pixmap_mask |= (GCFunction | GCClipMask | GCClipXOrigin |
                          GCClipYOrigin);
          /* Can't set a clip rectangle below because we already have a mask.
             We could conceivably create a new clipmask by zeroing out
             everything outside the clip region.  Is it worth it?
             Is it possible to get an equivalent effect by changing the
             args to XCopyArea below rather than messing with a clip box?
             - dkindred@cs.cmu.edu */
          need_clipping = 0;
        }

      gc = gc_cache_lookup (DEVICE_X_GC_CACHE (d), &gcv, pixmap_mask);
    }
  else
    {
      gc = override_gc;
      /* override_gc might have a mask already--we don't want to nuke it.
         Maybe we can insist that override_gc have no mask, or use
         one of the suggestions above. */
      need_clipping = 0;
    }

  if (need_clipping)
    {
      XRectangle clip_box[1];

      clip_box[0].x = clip_x;
      clip_box[0].y = clip_y;
      clip_box[0].width = clip_width;
      clip_box[0].height = clip_height;

      XSetClipRectangles (dpy, gc, x, y, clip_box, 1, Unsorted);
    }

  /* depth of 0 means it's a bitmap, not a pixmap, and we should use
     XCopyPlane (1 = current foreground color, 0 = background) instead
     of XCopyArea, which means that the bits in the pixmap are actual
     pixel values, instead of symbolic of fg/bg. */
  if (IMAGE_INSTANCE_PIXMAP_DEPTH (p) > 0)
    {
      XCopyArea (dpy, IMAGE_INSTANCE_X_PIXMAP (p), x_win, gc, 0,
                 pixmap_offset, width,
                 height, x, y);
    }
  else
    {
      XCopyPlane (dpy, IMAGE_INSTANCE_X_PIXMAP (p), x_win, gc, 0,
                  (pixmap_offset < 0
                   ? 0
                   : pixmap_offset),
                  width, height, x,
                  (pixmap_offset < 0
                   ? y - pixmap_offset
                   : y),
                  1L);
    }

  if (need_clipping)
    {
      XSetClipMask (dpy, gc, None);
      XSetClipOrigin (dpy, gc, 0, 0);
    }
}

static void
x_output_pixmap (struct window *w, struct display_line *dl,
                 Lisp_Object image_instance, int xpos, int xoffset,
                 int start_pixpos, int width, face_index findex,
                 int cursor_start, int cursor_width, int cursor_height)
{
  struct frame *f = XFRAME (w->frame);
  struct device *d = XDEVICE (f->device);
  struct Lisp_Image_Instance *p = XIMAGE_INSTANCE (image_instance);
  Lisp_Object window;

  Display *dpy = DEVICE_X_DISPLAY (d);
  Window x_win = XtWindow (FRAME_X_TEXT_WIDGET (f));
  int lheight = dl->ascent + dl->descent - dl->clip;
  int pheight = ((int) IMAGE_INSTANCE_PIXMAP_HEIGHT (p) > lheight ? lheight :
                 IMAGE_INSTANCE_PIXMAP_HEIGHT (p));
  int pwidth = min (width + xoffset, (int) IMAGE_INSTANCE_PIXMAP_WIDTH (p));
  int clip_x, clip_y, clip_width, clip_height;

  /* The pixmap_offset is used to center the pixmap on lines which are
     shorter than it is.  This results in odd effects when scrolling
     pixmaps off of the bottom.  Let's try not using it. */
#if 0
  int pixmap_offset = (int) (IMAGE_INSTANCE_PIXMAP_HEIGHT (p) - lheight) / 2;
#else
  int pixmap_offset = 0;
#endif

  XSETWINDOW (window, w);

  if ((start_pixpos >= 0 && start_pixpos > xpos) || xoffset)
    {
      if (start_pixpos > xpos && start_pixpos > xpos + width)
        return;

      clip_x = xoffset;
      clip_width = width;
      if (start_pixpos > xpos)
        {
          clip_x += (start_pixpos - xpos);
          clip_width -= (start_pixpos - xpos);
        }
    }
  else
    {
      clip_x = 0;
      clip_width = 0;
    }

  /* Place markers for possible future functionality (clipping the top
     half instead of the bottom half; think pixel scrolling). */
  clip_y = 0;
  clip_height = pheight;

  /* Clear the area the pixmap is going into.  The pixmap itself will
     always take care of the full width.  We don't want to clear where
     it is going to go in order to avoid flicker.  So, all we have to
     take care of is any area above or below the pixmap. */
  /* #### We take a shortcut for now.  We know that since we have
     pixmap_offset hardwired to 0 that the pixmap is against the top
     edge so all we have to worry about is below it. */
  /* #### Unless the pixmap has a mask in which case we have to clear
     the whole damn thing since we can't yet clear just the area not
     included in the mask. */
  if (((int) (dl->ypos - dl->ascent + pheight) <
       (int) (dl->ypos + dl->descent - dl->clip))
      || IMAGE_INSTANCE_X_MASK (p))
    {
      int clear_x, clear_y, clear_width, clear_height;

      if (IMAGE_INSTANCE_X_MASK (p))
        {
          clear_y = dl->ypos - dl->ascent;
          clear_height = lheight;
        }
      else
        {
          clear_y = dl->ypos - dl->ascent + pheight;
          clear_height = lheight - pheight;
        }

      if (start_pixpos >= 0 && start_pixpos > xpos)
        {
          clear_x = start_pixpos;
          clear_width = xpos + width - start_pixpos;
        }
      else
        {
          clear_x = xpos;
          clear_width = width;
        }

      redisplay_clear_region (window, findex, clear_x, clear_y,
                      clear_width, clear_height);
    }

  /* Output the pixmap. */
  {
    Lisp_Object tmp_pixel;
    XColor tmp_bcolor, tmp_fcolor;

    tmp_pixel = WINDOW_FACE_CACHEL_FOREGROUND (w, findex);
    tmp_fcolor = COLOR_INSTANCE_X_COLOR (XCOLOR_INSTANCE (tmp_pixel));
    tmp_pixel = WINDOW_FACE_CACHEL_BACKGROUND (w, findex);
    tmp_bcolor = COLOR_INSTANCE_X_COLOR (XCOLOR_INSTANCE (tmp_pixel));

    x_output_x_pixmap (f, p, xpos - xoffset, dl->ypos - dl->ascent, clip_x,
                       clip_y, clip_width, clip_height,
                       pwidth, pheight, pixmap_offset,
                       tmp_fcolor.pixel, tmp_bcolor.pixel, 0);
  }

  /* Draw a cursor over top of the pixmap. */
  if (cursor_width && cursor_height && (cursor_start >= xpos)
      && !NILP (w->text_cursor_visible_p)
      && (cursor_start < xpos + pwidth))
    {
      GC gc;
      int focus = EQ (w->frame, DEVICE_FRAME_WITH_FOCUS_REAL (d));
      int y = dl->ypos - dl->ascent;
      struct face_cachel *cursor_cachel =
        WINDOW_FACE_CACHEL (w,
                            get_builtin_face_cache_index
                            (w, Vtext_cursor_face));

      gc = x_get_gc (d, Qnil, cursor_cachel->background, Qnil, Qnil, Qnil);

      if (cursor_width > xpos + pwidth - cursor_start)
        cursor_width = xpos + pwidth - cursor_start;

      if (focus)
        {
          XFillRectangle (dpy, x_win, gc, cursor_start, y, cursor_width,
                          cursor_height);
        }
      else
        {
          XDrawRectangle (dpy, x_win, gc, cursor_start, y, cursor_width,
                          cursor_height);
        }
    }
}

/*****************************************************************************
 x_output_vertical_divider

 Draw a vertical divider down the right side of the given window.
 ****************************************************************************/
static void
x_output_vertical_divider (struct window *w, int clear)
{
  struct frame *f = XFRAME (w->frame);
  struct device *d = XDEVICE (f->device);

  EmacsFrame ef = (EmacsFrame) FRAME_X_TEXT_WIDGET (f);
  Display *dpy = DEVICE_X_DISPLAY (d);
  Window x_win = XtWindow (FRAME_X_TEXT_WIDGET (f));
  Pixel top_shadow_pixel, bottom_shadow_pixel, background_pixel;
  Lisp_Object tmp_pixel;
  XColor tmp_color;
  XGCValues gcv;
  GC top_shadow_gc, bottom_shadow_gc, background_gc;

  int use_pixmap = 0;
  int flip_gcs = 0;
  unsigned long mask;
  int x, y1, y2, width, shadow_thickness, spacing, line_width;
  face_index div_face = get_builtin_face_cache_index (w, Vvertical_divider_face);

  width = window_divider_width (w);
  shadow_thickness = XINT (w->vertical_divider_shadow_thickness);
  spacing = XINT (w->vertical_divider_spacing);
  line_width = XINT (w->vertical_divider_line_width);
  x = WINDOW_RIGHT (w) - width;
  y1 = WINDOW_TOP (w);
  y2 = WINDOW_BOTTOM (w);

  memset (&gcv, ~0, sizeof (XGCValues));

  tmp_pixel = WINDOW_FACE_CACHEL_BACKGROUND (w, div_face);
  tmp_color = COLOR_INSTANCE_X_COLOR (XCOLOR_INSTANCE (tmp_pixel));

  /* First, get the GC's. */
  top_shadow_pixel = tmp_color.pixel;
  bottom_shadow_pixel = tmp_color.pixel;
  background_pixel = tmp_color.pixel;

  x_generate_shadow_pixels (f, &top_shadow_pixel, &bottom_shadow_pixel,
                            background_pixel, ef->core.background_pixel);

  tmp_pixel = WINDOW_FACE_CACHEL_FOREGROUND (w, div_face);
  tmp_color = COLOR_INSTANCE_X_COLOR (XCOLOR_INSTANCE (tmp_pixel));
  gcv.background = tmp_color.pixel;
  gcv.graphics_exposures = False;
  mask = GCForeground | GCBackground | GCGraphicsExposures;

  /* If we can't distinguish one of the shadows (the color is the same as the
     background), it's better to use a pixmap to generate a dithered gray. */
  if (top_shadow_pixel == background_pixel ||
      bottom_shadow_pixel == background_pixel)
    use_pixmap = 1;

  if (use_pixmap)
    {
      if (DEVICE_X_GRAY_PIXMAP (d) == None)
        {
          DEVICE_X_GRAY_PIXMAP (d) =
            XCreatePixmapFromBitmapData (dpy, x_win, (char *) gray_bits,
                                         gray_width, gray_height, 1, 0, 1);
        }

      tmp_pixel = WINDOW_FACE_CACHEL_BACKGROUND (w, div_face);
      tmp_color = COLOR_INSTANCE_X_COLOR (XCOLOR_INSTANCE (tmp_pixel));
      gcv.foreground = tmp_color.pixel;
      /* this is needed because the GC draws with a pixmap here */
      gcv.fill_style = FillOpaqueStippled;
      gcv.stipple = DEVICE_X_GRAY_PIXMAP (d);
      top_shadow_gc = gc_cache_lookup (DEVICE_X_GC_CACHE (d), &gcv,
                                       (mask | GCStipple | GCFillStyle));

      tmp_pixel = WINDOW_FACE_CACHEL_FOREGROUND (w, div_face);
      tmp_color = COLOR_INSTANCE_X_COLOR (XCOLOR_INSTANCE (tmp_pixel));
      bottom_shadow_pixel = tmp_color.pixel;

      flip_gcs = (bottom_shadow_pixel ==
                  WhitePixelOfScreen (DefaultScreenOfDisplay (dpy)));
    }
  else
    {
      gcv.foreground = top_shadow_pixel;
      top_shadow_gc = gc_cache_lookup (DEVICE_X_GC_CACHE (d), &gcv, mask);
    }

  gcv.foreground = bottom_shadow_pixel;
  bottom_shadow_gc = gc_cache_lookup (DEVICE_X_GC_CACHE (d), &gcv, mask);

  if (use_pixmap && flip_gcs)
    {
      GC tmp_gc = bottom_shadow_gc;
      bottom_shadow_gc = top_shadow_gc;
      top_shadow_gc = tmp_gc;
    }

  gcv.foreground = background_pixel;
  background_gc = gc_cache_lookup (DEVICE_X_GC_CACHE (d), &gcv, mask);

  /* possibly revert the GC's in case the shadow thickness is < 0.
     This will give a depressed look to the divider */
  if (shadow_thickness < 0)
    {
      GC temp;

      temp = top_shadow_gc;
      top_shadow_gc = bottom_shadow_gc;
      bottom_shadow_gc = temp;

      /* better avoid a Bad Address XLib error ;-) */
      shadow_thickness = - shadow_thickness;
    }

  /* Clear the divider area first.  This needs to be done when a
     window split occurs. */
  if (clear)
    XClearArea (dpy, x_win, x, y1, width, y2 - y1, False);

  /* Draw the divider line. */
  XFillRectangle (dpy, x_win, background_gc,
                  x + spacing + shadow_thickness, y1,
                  line_width, y2 - y1);

  /* Draw the shadows around the divider line */
  x_output_shadows (f, x + spacing, y1,
                    width - 2 * spacing, y2 - y1,
                    top_shadow_gc, bottom_shadow_gc,
                    background_gc, shadow_thickness);
}

/*****************************************************************************
 x_output_blank

 Output a blank by clearing the area it covers in the foreground color
 of its face.
 ****************************************************************************/
static void
x_output_blank (struct window *w, struct display_line *dl, struct rune *rb,
                int start_pixpos, int cursor_start, int cursor_width)
{
  struct frame *f = XFRAME (w->frame);
  struct device *d = XDEVICE (f->device);

  Display *dpy = DEVICE_X_DISPLAY (d);
  Window x_win = XtWindow (FRAME_X_TEXT_WIDGET (f));
  GC gc;
  struct face_cachel *cursor_cachel =
    WINDOW_FACE_CACHEL (w,
                        get_builtin_face_cache_index
                        (w, Vtext_cursor_face));
  Lisp_Object bg_pmap;
  Lisp_Object buffer = WINDOW_BUFFER (w);
  Lisp_Object bar_cursor_value = symbol_value_in_buffer (Qbar_cursor,
                                                         buffer);

  int x = rb->xpos;
  int y = dl->ypos - dl->ascent;
  int width = rb->width;
  int height = dl->ascent + dl->descent - dl->clip;

  if (start_pixpos > x)
    {
      if (start_pixpos >= (x + width))
        return;
      else
        {
          width -= (start_pixpos - x);
          x = start_pixpos;
        }
    }

  bg_pmap = WINDOW_FACE_CACHEL_BACKGROUND_PIXMAP (w, rb->findex);
  if (!IMAGE_INSTANCEP (bg_pmap)
      || !IMAGE_INSTANCE_PIXMAP_TYPE_P (XIMAGE_INSTANCE (bg_pmap)))
    bg_pmap = Qnil;

  if (NILP (bg_pmap))
    gc = x_get_gc (d, Qnil, WINDOW_FACE_CACHEL_BACKGROUND (w, rb->findex),
                   Qnil, Qnil, Qnil);
  else
    gc = x_get_gc (d, Qnil, WINDOW_FACE_CACHEL_FOREGROUND (w, rb->findex),
                   WINDOW_FACE_CACHEL_BACKGROUND (w, rb->findex), bg_pmap,
                   Qnil);

  XFillRectangle (dpy, x_win, gc, x, y, width, height);

  /* If this rune is marked as having the cursor, then it is actually
     representing a tab. */
  if (!NILP (w->text_cursor_visible_p)
      && (rb->cursor_type == CURSOR_ON
          || (cursor_width
              && (cursor_start + cursor_width > x)
              && cursor_start < (x + width))))
    {
      int cursor_height, cursor_y;
      int focus = EQ (w->frame, DEVICE_FRAME_WITH_FOCUS_REAL (d));
      struct Lisp_Font_Instance *fi;

      fi = XFONT_INSTANCE (FACE_CACHEL_FONT
                           (WINDOW_FACE_CACHEL (w, rb->findex),
                            Vcharset_ascii));

      gc = x_get_gc (d, Qnil, cursor_cachel->background, Qnil, Qnil, Qnil);

      cursor_y = dl->ypos - fi->ascent;
      cursor_height = fi->height;
      if (cursor_y + cursor_height > y + height)
        cursor_height = y + height - cursor_y;

      if (focus)
        {
          if (NILP (bar_cursor_value))
            {
              XFillRectangle (dpy, x_win, gc, cursor_start, cursor_y,
                              fi->width, cursor_height);
            }
          else
            {
              int bar_width = EQ (bar_cursor_value, Qt) ? 1 : 2;

              gc = x_get_gc (d, Qnil, cursor_cachel->background, Qnil, Qnil,
                             make_int (bar_width));
              XDrawLine (dpy, x_win, gc, cursor_start + bar_width - 1,
                         cursor_y, cursor_start + bar_width - 1,
                         cursor_y + cursor_height - 1);
            }
        }
      else if (NILP (bar_cursor_value))
        {
          XDrawRectangle (dpy, x_win, gc, cursor_start, cursor_y,
                          fi->width - 1, cursor_height - 1);
        }
    }
}

/*****************************************************************************
 x_output_hline

 Output a horizontal line in the foreground of its face.
 ****************************************************************************/
static void
x_output_hline (struct window *w, struct display_line *dl, struct rune *rb)
{
  struct frame *f = XFRAME (w->frame);
  struct device *d = XDEVICE (f->device);

  Display *dpy = DEVICE_X_DISPLAY (d);
  Window x_win = XtWindow (FRAME_X_TEXT_WIDGET (f));
  GC gc;

  int x = rb->xpos;
  int width = rb->width;
  int height = dl->ascent + dl->descent - dl->clip;
  int ypos1, ypos2, ypos3, ypos4;

  ypos1 = dl->ypos - dl->ascent;
  ypos2 = ypos1 + rb->object.hline.yoffset;
  ypos3 = ypos2 + rb->object.hline.thickness;
  ypos4 = dl->ypos + dl->descent - dl->clip;

  /* First clear the area not covered by the line. */
  if (height - rb->object.hline.thickness > 0)
    {
      gc = x_get_gc (d, Qnil, WINDOW_FACE_CACHEL_FOREGROUND (w, rb->findex),
                     Qnil, Qnil, Qnil);

      if (ypos2 - ypos1 > 0)
        XFillRectangle (dpy, x_win, gc, x, ypos1, width, ypos2 - ypos1);
      if (ypos4 - ypos3 > 0)
        XFillRectangle (dpy, x_win, gc, x, ypos1, width, ypos2 - ypos1);
    }

  /* Now draw the line. */
  gc = x_get_gc (d, Qnil, WINDOW_FACE_CACHEL_BACKGROUND (w, rb->findex),
                 Qnil, Qnil, Qnil);

  if (ypos2 < ypos1)
    ypos2 = ypos1;
  if (ypos3 > ypos4)
    ypos3 = ypos4;

  if (ypos3 - ypos2 > 0)
    XFillRectangle (dpy, x_win, gc, x, ypos2, width, ypos3 - ypos2);
}

/*****************************************************************************
 x_output_shadows

 Draw a shadow around the given area using the given GC's.  It is the
 callers responsibility to set the GC's appropriately.
 ****************************************************************************/
void
x_output_shadows (struct frame *f, int x, int y, int width, int height,
                  GC top_shadow_gc, GC bottom_shadow_gc, GC background_gc,
                  int shadow_thickness)
{
  struct device *d = XDEVICE (f->device);

  Display *dpy = DEVICE_X_DISPLAY (d);
  Window x_win = XtWindow (FRAME_X_TEXT_WIDGET (f));

  XSegment top_shadow[20], bottom_shadow[20];
  int elt;

  if (shadow_thickness > 10)
    shadow_thickness = 10;
  else if (shadow_thickness < 0)
    shadow_thickness = 0;
  if (shadow_thickness > (width / 2))
    shadow_thickness = width / 2;
  if (shadow_thickness > (height / 2))
    shadow_thickness = height / 2;

  for (elt = 0; elt < shadow_thickness; elt++)
    {
      int seg1 = elt;
      int seg2 = elt + shadow_thickness;

      top_shadow[seg1].x1 = x;
      top_shadow[seg1].x2 = x + width - elt - 1;
      top_shadow[seg1].y1 = top_shadow[seg1].y2 = y + elt;

      top_shadow[seg2].x1 = top_shadow[seg2].x2 = x + elt;
      top_shadow[seg2].y1 = y + shadow_thickness;
      top_shadow[seg2].y2 = y + height - elt - 1;

      bottom_shadow[seg1].x1 = x + elt + 1;
      bottom_shadow[seg1].x2 = x + width - 1;
      bottom_shadow[seg1].y1 = bottom_shadow[seg1].y2 = y + height - elt - 1;

      bottom_shadow[seg2].x1 = bottom_shadow[seg2].x2 = x + width - elt - 1;
      bottom_shadow[seg2].y1 = y + elt + 1;
      bottom_shadow[seg2].y2 = y + height - shadow_thickness;
    }

  XDrawSegments (dpy, x_win, top_shadow_gc, top_shadow, shadow_thickness * 2);
  XDrawSegments (dpy, x_win, bottom_shadow_gc, bottom_shadow,
                 shadow_thickness * 2);
}

/*****************************************************************************
 x_generate_shadow_pixels

 Given three pixels (top shadow, bottom shadow, background) massage
 the top and bottom shadow colors to guarantee that they differ.  The
 background pixels are not allowed to be modified.

 This function modifies its parameters.

 This code is modified from code blatantly stolen from lwlib/xlwmenu.c
 ****************************************************************************/
#define MINL(x,y) ((((unsigned long) (x)) < ((unsigned long) (y))) \
                   ? ((unsigned long) (x)) : ((unsigned long) (y)))

void
x_generate_shadow_pixels (struct frame *f, unsigned long *top_shadow,
                          unsigned long *bottom_shadow,
                          unsigned long background,
                          unsigned long core_background)
{
  struct device *d = XDEVICE (f->device);
  Display *dpy = DEVICE_X_DISPLAY (d);
  Colormap cmap = DEVICE_X_COLORMAP (d);
  Visual *visual = DEVICE_X_VISUAL (d);

  XColor topc, botc;
  int top_frobbed = 0, bottom_frobbed = 0;

  /* If the top shadow is the same color as the background, try to
     adjust it. */
  if (*top_shadow == background)
    {
      topc.pixel = background;
      XQueryColor (dpy, cmap, &topc);
      /* don't overflow/wrap! */
      topc.red   = MINL (65535, (unsigned long) topc.red   * 6 / 5);
      topc.green = MINL (65535, (unsigned long) topc.green * 6 / 5);
      topc.blue  = MINL (65535, (unsigned long) topc.blue  * 6 / 5);
      if (allocate_nearest_color (dpy, cmap, visual, &topc))
        {
          *top_shadow = topc.pixel;
          top_frobbed = 1;
        }
    }

  /* If the bottom shadow is the same color as the background, try to
     adjust it. */
  if (*bottom_shadow == background)
    {
      botc.pixel = background;
      XQueryColor (dpy, cmap, &botc);
      botc.red   = (unsigned short) ((unsigned long) botc.red   * 3 / 5);
      botc.green = (unsigned short) ((unsigned long) botc.green * 3 / 5);
      botc.blue  = (unsigned short) ((unsigned long) botc.blue  * 3 / 5);
      if (allocate_nearest_color (dpy, cmap, visual, &botc))
        {
          *bottom_shadow = botc.pixel;
          bottom_frobbed = 1;
        }
    }

  /* If we had to adjust both shadows, then we have to do some
     additional work. */
  if (top_frobbed && bottom_frobbed)
    {
      int top_avg = ((topc.red / 3) + (topc.green / 3) + (topc.blue / 3));
      int bot_avg = ((botc.red / 3) + (botc.green / 3) + (botc.blue / 3));
      if (bot_avg > top_avg)
        {
          Pixel tmp = *top_shadow;

          *top_shadow = *bottom_shadow;
          *bottom_shadow = tmp;
        }
      else if (topc.pixel == botc.pixel)
        {
          if (botc.pixel == background)
            *top_shadow = core_background;
          else
            *bottom_shadow = background;
        }
    }
}

/*****************************************************************************
 x_clear_to_window_end

 Clear the area between ypos1 and ypos2.  Each margin area and the
 text area is handled separately since they may each have their own
 background color.
 ****************************************************************************/
static void
x_clear_to_window_end (struct window *w, int ypos1, int ypos2)
{
  int height = ypos2 - ypos1;

  if (height)
    {
      struct frame *f = XFRAME (w->frame);
      Lisp_Object window;
      int bflag = (window_needs_vertical_divider (w) ? 0 : 1);
      layout_bounds bounds;

      bounds = calculate_display_line_boundaries (w, bflag);
      XSETWINDOW (window, w);

      if (window_is_leftmost (w))
        redisplay_clear_region (window, DEFAULT_INDEX, FRAME_LEFT_BORDER_START (f),
                        ypos1, FRAME_BORDER_WIDTH (f), height);

      if (bounds.left_in - bounds.left_out > 0)
        redisplay_clear_region (window,
                        get_builtin_face_cache_index (w, Vleft_margin_face),
                        bounds.left_out, ypos1,
                        bounds.left_in - bounds.left_out, height);

      if (bounds.right_in - bounds.left_in > 0)
        redisplay_clear_region (window, DEFAULT_INDEX, bounds.left_in, ypos1,
                        bounds.right_in - bounds.left_in, height);

      if (bounds.right_out - bounds.right_in > 0)
        redisplay_clear_region (window,
                        get_builtin_face_cache_index (w, Vright_margin_face),
                        bounds.right_in, ypos1,
                        bounds.right_out - bounds.right_in, height);

      if (window_is_rightmost (w))
        redisplay_clear_region (window, DEFAULT_INDEX, FRAME_RIGHT_BORDER_START (f),
                        ypos1, FRAME_BORDER_WIDTH (f), height);
    }
}

/*****************************************************************************
 x_redraw_exposed_window

 Given a bounding box for an area that needs to be redrawn, determine
 what parts of what lines are contained within and re-output their
 contents.
 ****************************************************************************/
static void
x_redraw_exposed_window (struct window *w, int x, int y, int width, int height)
{
  struct frame *f = XFRAME (w->frame);
  int line;
  int start_x, start_y, end_x, end_y;
  int orig_windows_structure_changed;

  display_line_dynarr *cdla = window_display_lines (w, CURRENT_DISP);

  if (!NILP (w->vchild))
    {
      x_redraw_exposed_windows (w->vchild, x, y, width, height);
      return;
    }
  else if (!NILP (w->hchild))
    {
      x_redraw_exposed_windows (w->hchild, x, y, width, height);
      return;
    }

  /* If the window doesn't intersect the exposed region, we're done here. */
  if (x >= WINDOW_RIGHT (w) || (x + width) <= WINDOW_LEFT (w)
      || y >= WINDOW_BOTTOM (w) || (y + height) <= WINDOW_TOP (w))
    {
      return;
    }
  else
    {
      start_x = max (WINDOW_LEFT (w), x);
      end_x = min (WINDOW_RIGHT (w), (x + width));
      start_y = max (WINDOW_TOP (w), y);
      end_y = min (WINDOW_BOTTOM (w), y + height);

      /* We do this to make sure that the 3D modelines get redrawn if
         they are in the exposed region. */
      orig_windows_structure_changed = f->windows_structure_changed;
      f->windows_structure_changed = 1;
    }

  if (window_needs_vertical_divider (w))
    {
      x_output_vertical_divider (w, 0);
    }

  for (line = 0; line < Dynarr_length (cdla); line++)
    {
      struct display_line *cdl = Dynarr_atp (cdla, line);
      int top_y = cdl->ypos - cdl->ascent;
      int bottom_y = cdl->ypos + cdl->descent;

      if (bottom_y >= start_y)
        {
          if (top_y > end_y)
            {
              if (line == 0)
                continue;
              else
                break;
            }
          else
            {
              output_display_line (w, 0, cdla, line, start_x, end_x);
            }
        }
    }

  f->windows_structure_changed = orig_windows_structure_changed;

  /* If there have never been any face cache_elements created, then this
     expose event doesn't actually have anything to do. */
  if (Dynarr_largest (w->face_cachels))
    redisplay_clear_bottom_of_window (w, cdla, start_y, end_y);
}

/*****************************************************************************
 x_redraw_exposed_windows

 For each window beneath the given window in the window hierarchy,
 ensure that it is redrawn if necessary after an Expose event.
 ****************************************************************************/
static void
x_redraw_exposed_windows (Lisp_Object window, int x, int y, int width,
                          int height)
{
  for (; !NILP (window); window = XWINDOW (window)->next)
    x_redraw_exposed_window (XWINDOW (window), x, y, width, height);
}

/*****************************************************************************
 x_redraw_exposed_area

 For each window on the given frame, ensure that any area in the
 Exposed area is redrawn.
 ****************************************************************************/
void
x_redraw_exposed_area (struct frame *f, int x, int y, int width, int height)
{
  /* If any window on the frame has had its face cache reset then the
     redisplay structures are effectively invalid.  If we attempt to
     use them we'll blow up.  We mark the frame as changed to ensure
     that redisplay will do a full update.  This probably isn't
     necessary but it can't hurt. */

#ifdef HAVE_TOOLBARS
  /* #### We would rather put these off as well but there is currently
     no combination of flags which will force an unchanged toolbar to
     redraw anyhow. */
  MAYBE_FRAMEMETH (f, redraw_exposed_toolbars, (f, x, y, width, height));
#endif

  if (!f->window_face_cache_reset)
    {
      x_redraw_exposed_windows (f->root_window, x, y, width, height);

      XFlush (DEVICE_X_DISPLAY (XDEVICE (f->device)));
    }
  else
    MARK_FRAME_CHANGED (f);
}

/****************************************************************************
 x_clear_region

 Clear the area in the box defined by the given parameters using the
 given face.
 ****************************************************************************/
static void
x_clear_region (Lisp_Object locale, struct device* d, struct frame* f, face_index findex,
                int x, int y,
                int width, int height, Lisp_Object fcolor, Lisp_Object bcolor,
                Lisp_Object background_pixmap)
{
  Display *dpy;
  Window x_win;
  GC gc = NULL;

  dpy = DEVICE_X_DISPLAY (d);
  x_win = XtWindow (FRAME_X_TEXT_WIDGET (f));

    if (!UNBOUNDP (background_pixmap))
    {
      gc = x_get_gc (d, Qnil, fcolor, bcolor, background_pixmap, Qnil);
    }

  if (gc)
    XFillRectangle (dpy, x_win, gc, x, y, width, height);
  else
    XClearArea (dpy, x_win, x, y, width, height, False);
}

/*****************************************************************************
 x_output_eol_cursor

 Draw a cursor at the end of a line.  The end-of-line cursor is
 narrower than the normal cursor.
 ****************************************************************************/
static void
x_output_eol_cursor (struct window *w, struct display_line *dl, int xpos,
                     face_index findex)
{
  struct frame *f = XFRAME (w->frame);
  struct device *d = XDEVICE (f->device);
  Lisp_Object window;

  Display *dpy = DEVICE_X_DISPLAY (d);
  Window x_win = XtWindow (FRAME_X_TEXT_WIDGET (f));
  GC gc;
  face_index elt = get_builtin_face_cache_index (w, Vtext_cursor_face);
  struct face_cachel *cursor_cachel = WINDOW_FACE_CACHEL (w, elt);

  int focus = EQ (w->frame, DEVICE_FRAME_WITH_FOCUS_REAL (d));
  Lisp_Object bar_cursor_value = symbol_value_in_buffer (Qbar_cursor,
                                                         WINDOW_BUFFER (w));

  int x = xpos;
  int y = dl->ypos - dl->ascent;
  int width = EOL_CURSOR_WIDTH;
  int height = dl->ascent + dl->descent - dl->clip;
  int cursor_height, cursor_y;
  int defheight, defascent;

  XSETWINDOW (window, w);
  redisplay_clear_region (window, findex, x, y, width, height);

  if (NILP (w->text_cursor_visible_p))
    return;

  gc = x_get_gc (d, Qnil, cursor_cachel->background, Qnil, Qnil, Qnil);

  default_face_font_info (window, &defascent, 0, &defheight, 0, 0);

  /* make sure the cursor is entirely contained between y and y+height */
  cursor_height = min (defheight, height);
  cursor_y = max (y, min (y + height - cursor_height,
                          dl->ypos - defascent));

  if (focus)
    {
#if defined(HAVE_XIM) && defined(XIM_XLIB)
      if (FRAME_X_XIC(f))
        XIM_SetSpotLocation (f, x - 2 , cursor_y + cursor_height - 2);
#endif /* HAVE_XIM */

      if (NILP (bar_cursor_value))
        {
          XFillRectangle (dpy, x_win, gc, x, cursor_y, width, cursor_height);
        }
      else
        {
          int bar_width = EQ (bar_cursor_value, Qt) ? 1 : 2;

          gc = x_get_gc (d, Qnil, cursor_cachel->background, Qnil, Qnil,
                         make_int (bar_width));
          XDrawLine (dpy, x_win, gc, x + bar_width - 1, cursor_y,
                     x + bar_width - 1, cursor_y + cursor_height - 1);
        }
    }
  else if (NILP (bar_cursor_value))
    {
      XDrawRectangle (dpy, x_win, gc, x, cursor_y, width - 1,
                      cursor_height - 1);
    }
}

static void
x_clear_frame_window (Lisp_Object window)
{
  struct window *w = XWINDOW (window);

  if (!NILP (w->vchild))
    {
      x_clear_frame_windows (w->vchild);
      return;
    }

  if (!NILP (w->hchild))
    {
      x_clear_frame_windows (w->hchild);
      return;
    }

  x_clear_to_window_end (w, WINDOW_TEXT_TOP (w), WINDOW_TEXT_BOTTOM (w));
}

static void
x_clear_frame_windows (Lisp_Object window)
{
  for (; !NILP (window); window = XWINDOW (window)->next)
    x_clear_frame_window (window);
}

static void
x_clear_frame (struct frame *f)
{
  struct device *d = XDEVICE (f->device);
  Display *dpy = DEVICE_X_DISPLAY (d);
  Window x_win = XtWindow (FRAME_X_TEXT_WIDGET (f));
  int x, y, width, height;
  Lisp_Object frame;

  x = FRAME_LEFT_BORDER_START (f);
  width = (FRAME_PIXWIDTH (f) - FRAME_REAL_LEFT_TOOLBAR_WIDTH (f) -
           FRAME_REAL_RIGHT_TOOLBAR_WIDTH (f) -
           2 * FRAME_REAL_LEFT_TOOLBAR_BORDER_WIDTH (f) -
           2 * FRAME_REAL_RIGHT_TOOLBAR_BORDER_WIDTH (f));
  /* #### This adjustment by 1 should be being done in the macros.
     There is some small differences between when the menubar is on
     and off that we still need to deal with. */
  y = FRAME_TOP_BORDER_START (f) - 1;
  height = (FRAME_PIXHEIGHT (f) - FRAME_REAL_TOP_TOOLBAR_HEIGHT (f) -
            FRAME_REAL_BOTTOM_TOOLBAR_HEIGHT (f) -
            2 * FRAME_REAL_TOP_TOOLBAR_BORDER_WIDTH (f) -
            2 * FRAME_REAL_BOTTOM_TOOLBAR_BORDER_WIDTH (f)) + 1;

  XClearArea (dpy, x_win, x, y, width, height, False);

  XSETFRAME (frame, f);

  if (!UNBOUNDP (FACE_BACKGROUND_PIXMAP (Vdefault_face, frame))
      || !UNBOUNDP (FACE_BACKGROUND_PIXMAP (Vleft_margin_face, frame))
      || !UNBOUNDP (FACE_BACKGROUND_PIXMAP (Vright_margin_face, frame)))
    {
      x_clear_frame_windows (f->root_window);
    }

  XFlush (DEVICE_X_DISPLAY (d));
}

/* briefly swap the foreground and background colors.
 */

static int
x_flash (struct device *d)
{
  Display *dpy;
  Window win;
  XGCValues gcv;
  GC gc;
  XColor tmp_fcolor, tmp_bcolor;
  Lisp_Object tmp_pixel, frame;
  struct frame *f = device_selected_frame (d);
  struct window *w = XWINDOW (FRAME_ROOT_WINDOW (f));
  Widget shell = FRAME_X_SHELL_WIDGET (f);

  XSETFRAME (frame, f);

  tmp_pixel = FACE_FOREGROUND (Vdefault_face, frame);
  tmp_fcolor = COLOR_INSTANCE_X_COLOR (XCOLOR_INSTANCE (tmp_pixel));
  tmp_pixel = FACE_BACKGROUND (Vdefault_face, frame);
  tmp_bcolor = COLOR_INSTANCE_X_COLOR (XCOLOR_INSTANCE (tmp_pixel));

  dpy = XtDisplay (shell);
  win = XtWindow (FRAME_X_TEXT_WIDGET (f));
  memset (&gcv, ~0, sizeof (XGCValues)); /* initialize all slots to ~0 */
  gcv.foreground = (tmp_fcolor.pixel ^ tmp_bcolor.pixel);
  gcv.function = GXxor;
  gcv.graphics_exposures = False;
  gc = gc_cache_lookup (DEVICE_X_GC_CACHE (XDEVICE (f->device)), &gcv,
                        (GCForeground | GCFunction | GCGraphicsExposures));
  XFillRectangle (dpy, win, gc, w->pixel_left, w->pixel_top,
                  w->pixel_width, w->pixel_height);
  XSync (dpy, False);

#ifdef HAVE_SELECT
  {
    int usecs = 100000;
    struct timeval tv;
    tv.tv_sec  = usecs / 1000000L;
    tv.tv_usec = usecs % 1000000L;
    /* I'm sure someone is going to complain about this... */
    select (0, 0, 0, 0, &tv);
  }
#else
#ifdef HAVE_POLL
  poll (0, 0, 100);
#else /* !HAVE_POLL */
  bite me
#endif /* HAVE_POLL */
#endif /* HAVE_SELECT */

  XFillRectangle (dpy, win, gc, w->pixel_left, w->pixel_top,
                  w->pixel_width, w->pixel_height);
  XSync (dpy, False);

  return 1;
}

/* Make audible bell.  */

static void
x_ring_bell (struct device *d, int volume, int pitch, int duration)
{
  Display *display = DEVICE_X_DISPLAY (d);

  if (volume < 0) volume = 0;
  else if (volume > 100) volume = 100;
  if (pitch < 0 && duration < 0)
    {
      XBell (display, (volume * 2) - 100);
      XFlush (display);
    }
  else
    {
      XKeyboardState state;
      XKeyboardControl ctl;
      XSync (display, 0);
      /* #### grab server? */
      XGetKeyboardControl (display, &state);

      ctl.bell_pitch    = (pitch    >= 0 ? pitch    : state.bell_pitch);
      ctl.bell_duration = (duration >= 0 ? duration : state.bell_duration);
      XChangeKeyboardControl (display, KBBellPitch|KBBellDuration, &ctl);

      XBell (display, (volume * 2) - 100);

      ctl.bell_pitch    = state.bell_pitch;
      ctl.bell_duration = state.bell_duration;
      XChangeKeyboardControl (display, KBBellPitch|KBBellDuration, &ctl);

      /* #### ungrab server? */
      XSync (display, 0);
    }
}

\f
/************************************************************************/
/*                            initialization                            */
/************************************************************************/

void
console_type_create_redisplay_x (void)
{
  /* redisplay methods */
  CONSOLE_HAS_METHOD (x, text_width);
  CONSOLE_HAS_METHOD (x, output_display_block);
  CONSOLE_HAS_METHOD (x, divider_height);
  CONSOLE_HAS_METHOD (x, eol_cursor_width);
  CONSOLE_HAS_METHOD (x, output_vertical_divider);
  CONSOLE_HAS_METHOD (x, clear_to_window_end);
  CONSOLE_HAS_METHOD (x, clear_region);
  CONSOLE_HAS_METHOD (x, clear_frame);
  CONSOLE_HAS_METHOD (x, output_begin);
  CONSOLE_HAS_METHOD (x, output_end);
  CONSOLE_HAS_METHOD (x, flash);
  CONSOLE_HAS_METHOD (x, ring_bell);
}