%{ /* This is a Lex file. */ /* Localizable-message snarfing. Copyright (C) 1994, 1995 Amdahl Corporation. This file is part of XEmacs. XEmacs is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option) any later version. XEmacs is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details. You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with XEmacs; see the file COPYING. If not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA. */ /* Written by Ben Wing, November 1994. Some code based on earlier make-msgfile.c. */ /* Note: there is still much work to be done on this. 1) Definition of Arg below won't handle a generalized argument as might appear in a function call. This is fine for DEFUN and friends, because only simple arguments appear there; but it might run into problems if Arg is used for other sorts of functions. 2) snarf() should be modified so that it doesn't output null strings and non-textual strings (see the comment at the top of make-msgfile.c). 3) parsing of (insert) should snarf all of the arguments. 4) need to add set-keymap-prompt and deal with gettext of that. 5) parsing of arguments should snarf all strings anywhere within the arguments, rather than just looking for a string as the argument. This allows if statements as arguments to get parsed. 6) begin_paren_counting() et al. should handle recursive entry. 7) handle set-window-buffer and other such functions that take a buffer as the other-than-first argument. 8) there is a fair amount of work to be done on the C code. Look through the code for #### comments associated with '#ifdef I18N3' or with an I18N3 nearby. 9) Deal with `get-buffer-process' et al. 10) Many of the changes in the Lisp code marked 'rewritten for I18N3 snarfing' should be undone once (5) is implemented. 11) Go through the Lisp code in prim and make sure that all strings are gettexted as necessary. This may reveal more things to implement. 12) Do the equivalent of (8) for the Lisp code. 13) Deal with parsing of menu specifications. --ben */ /* Long comment from jwz: (much of this comment is outdated, and a lot of it is actually implemented) PROPOSAL FOR HOW THIS ALL OUGHT TO WORK this isn't implemented yet, but this is the plan-in-progress In general, it's accepted that the best way to internationalize is for all messages to be referred to by a symbolic name (or number) and come out of a table or tables, which are easy to change. However, with Emacs, we've got the task of internationalizing a huge body of existing code, which already contains messages internally. For the C code we've got two options: - Use a Sun-like gettext() form, which takes an "english" string which appears literally in the source, and uses that as a hash key to find a translated string; - Rip all of the strings out and put them in a table. In this case, it's desirable to make as few changes as possible to the C code, to make it easier to merge the code with the FSF version of emacs which won't ever have these changes made to it. So we should go with the former option. The way it has been done (between 19.8 and 19.9) was to use gettext(), but *also* to make massive changes to the source code. The goal now is to use gettext() at run-time and yet not require a textual change to every line in the C code which contains a string constant. A possible way to do this is described below. (gettext() can be implemented in terms of catgets() for non-Sun systems, so that in itself isn't a problem.) For the Lisp code, we've got basically the same options: put everything in a table, or translate things implicitly. Another kink that lisp code introduces is that there are thousands of third- party packages, so changing the source for all of those is simply not an option. Is it a goal that if some third party package displays a message which is one we know how to translate, then we translate it? I think this is a worthy goal. It remains to be seen how well it will work in practice. So, we should endeavor to minimize the impact on the lisp code. Certain primitive lisp routines (the stuff in lisp/prim/, and especially in cmdloop.el and minibuf.el) may need to be changed to know about translation, but that's an ideologically clean thing to do because those are considered a part of the emacs substrate. However, if we find ourselves wanting to make changes to, say, RMAIL, then something has gone wrong. (Except to do things like remove assumptions about the order of words within a sentence, or how pluralization works.) There are two parts to the task of displaying translated strings to the user: the first is to extract the strings which need to be translated from the sources; and the second is to make some call which will translate those strings before they are presented to the user. The old way was to use the same form to do both, that is, GETTEXT() was both the tag that we searched for to build a catalog, and was the form which did the translation. The new plan is to separate these two things more: the tags that we search for to build the catalog will be stuff that was in there already, and the translation will get done in some more centralized, lower level place. This program (make-msgfile.c) addresses the first part, extracting the strings. For the emacs C code, we need to recognize the following patterns: message ("string" ... ) error ("string") report_file_error ("string" ... ) signal_simple_error ("string" ... ) signal_simple_error_2 ("string" ... ) build_translated_string ("string") #### add this and use it instead of build_string() in some places. yes_or_no_p ("string" ... ) #### add this instead of funcalling Qyes_or_no_p directly. barf_or_query_if_file_exists #### restructure this check all callers of Fsignal #### restructure these signal_error (Qerror ... ) #### change all of these to error() And we also parse out the `interactive' prompts from DEFUN() forms. #### When we've got a string which is a candidate for translation, we should ignore it if it contains only format directives, that is, if there are no alphabetic characters in it that are not a part of a `%' directive. (Careful not to translate either "%s%s" or "%s: ".) For the emacs Lisp code, we need to recognize the following patterns: (message "string" ... ) (error "string" ... ) (format "string" ... ) (read-from-minibuffer "string" ... ) (read-shell-command "string" ... ) (y-or-n-p "string" ... ) (yes-or-no-p "string" ... ) (read-file-name "string" ... ) (temp-minibuffer-message "string") (query-replace-read-args "string" ... ) I expect there will be a lot like the above; basically, any function which is a commonly used wrapper around an eventual call to `message' or `read-from-minibuffer' needs to be recognized by this program. (dgettext "domain-name" "string") #### do we still need this? things that should probably be restructured: `princ' in cmdloop.el `insert' in debug.el face-interactive help.el, syntax.el all messed up BPW: (format) is a tricky case. If I use format to create a string that I then send to a file, I probably don't want the string translated. On the other hand, If the string gets used as an argument to (y-or-n-p) or some such function, I do want it translated, and it needs to be translated before the %s and such are replaced. The proper solution here is for (format) and other functions that call gettext but don't immediately output the string to the user to add the translated (and formatted) string as a string property of the object, and have functions that output potentially translated strings look for a "translated string" property. Of course, this will fail if someone does something like (y-or-n-p (concat (if you-p "Do you " "Does he ") (format "want to delete %s? " filename)))) But you shouldn't be doing things like this anyway. BPW: Also, to avoid excessive translating, strings should be marked as translated once they get translated, and further calls to gettext don't do any more translating. Otherwise, a call like (y-or-n-p (format "Delete %s? " filename)) would cause translation on both the pre-formatted and post-formatted strings, which could lead to weird results in some cases (y-or-n-p has to translate its argument because someone could pass a string to it directly). Note that the "translating too much" solution outlined below could be implemented by just marking all strings that don't come from a .el or .elc file as already translated. Menu descriptors: one way to extract the strings in menu labels would be to teach this program about "^(defvar .*menu\n" forms; that's probably kind of hard, though, so perhaps a better approach would be to make this program recognize lines of the form "string" ... ;###translate where the magic token ";###translate" on a line means that the string constant on this line should go into the message catalog. This is analogous to the magic ";###autoload" comments, and to the magic comments used in the EPSF structuring conventions. ----- So this program manages to build up a catalog of strings to be translated. To address the second part of the problem, of actually looking up the translations, there are hooks in a small number of low level places in emacs. Assume the existence of a C function gettext(str) which returns the translation of `str' if there is one, otherwise returns `str'. - message() takes a char* as its argument, and always filters it through gettext() before displaying it. - errors are printed by running the lisp function `display-error' which doesn't call `message' directly (it princ's to streams), so it must be carefully coded to translate its arguments. This is only a few lines of code. - Fread_minibuffer_internal() is the lowest level interface to all minibuf interactions, so it is responsible for translating the value that will go into Vminibuf_prompt. - Fpopup_menu filters the menu titles through gettext(). The above take care of 99% of all messages the user ever sees. - The lisp function temp-minibuffer-message translates its arg. - query-replace-read-args is funny; it does (setq from (read-from-minibuffer (format "%s: " string) ... )) (setq to (read-from-minibuffer (format "%s %s with: " string from) ... )) What should we do about this? We could hack query-replace-read-args to translate its args, but might this be a more general problem? I don't think we ought to translate all calls to format. We could just change the calling sequence, since this is odd in that the first %s wants to be translated but the second doesn't. Solving the "translating too much" problem: The concern has been raised that in this situation: - "Help" is a string for which we know a translation; - someone visits a file called Help, and someone does something contrived like (error buffer-file-name) then we would display the translation of Help, which would not be correct. We can solve this by adding a bit to Lisp_String objects which identifies them as having been read as literal constants from a .el or .elc file (as opposed to having been constructed at run time as it would in the above case.) To solve this: - Fmessage() takes a lisp string as its first argument. If that string is a constant, that is, was read from a source file as a literal, then it calls message() with it, which translates. Otherwise, it calls message_no_translate(), which does not translate. - Ferror() (actually, Fsignal() when condition is Qerror) works similarly. */ /* Some notes: -- {Arg} below could get confused by commas inside of quotes. -- {LispToken} below can match some things that are not tokens (e.g. numbers) but for all practical purposes it should be fine. */ #include int snarf_return_state; %} %p 6000 %e 2000 %n 1000 %a 4000 %s C_QUOTE C_COMMENT LQUO LCOM %s CSNARF LSNARF %s DO_C DO_LISP DEFUN %s DEFUN2 DEFUN3 LDEF W [ \t\n] Any (.|"\n") Q "\"" NQ [^"] NT [^A-Za-z_0-9] LP "(" RP ")" BS "\\" Esc ({BS}{Any}) Wh ({W}*) LCom (";"({Esc}|.)*) LWh (({W}|{Lcom})*) Open ({Wh}{LP}) OpWQ ({Open}{Wh}{Q}) String ({Q}({Esc}|{NQ})*{Q}) Arg ([^,]*",") StringArg ({Wh}{String}{Wh}",") OpenString ({Open}{StringArg}) LispToken (({Esc}|[-A-Za-z0-9!@$%^&*_=+|{}`~,<.>/?])+) %% {NT}"GETTEXT"{OpWQ} { snarf (); } {NT}"DEFER_GETTEXT"{OpWQ} { snarf (); } {NT}"build_translated_string"{OpWQ} { snarf (); } {NT}"insert_string"{OpWQ} { snarf (); } {NT}"message"{OpWQ} { snarf (); } {NT}"warn_when_safe"{OpWQ} { snarf (); } {NT}"error"{OpWQ} { snarf (); } {NT}"continuable_error"{OpWQ} { snarf (); } {NT}"signal_simple_error"{OpWQ} { snarf (); } {NT}"signal_simple_error_2"{OpWQ} { snarf (); } {NT}"signal_simple_continuable_error"{OpWQ} { snarf (); } {NT}"signal_simple_continuable_error_2"{OpWQ} { snarf (); } {NT}"report_file_error"{OpWQ} { snarf (); } {NT}"signal_file_error"{OpWQ} { snarf (); } {NT}"signal_double_file_error"{OpWQ} { snarf (); } {NT}"signal_double_file_error_2"{OpWQ} { snarf (); } {NT}"syntax_error"{OpWQ} { snarf (); } {NT}"continuable_syntax_error"{OpWQ} { snarf (); } {NT}"CTB_ERROR"{OpWQ} { snarf (); } {NT}"fatal"{OpWQ} { snarf (); } {NT}"stdout_out"{OpWQ} { snarf (); } {NT}"stderr_out"{OpWQ} { snarf (); } {NT}"with_output_to_temp_buffer"{OpWQ} { snarf (); } {NT}"DEFVAR_BOOL"{OpenString}{Arg}{Wh}{Q} { snarf (); } {NT}"DEFVAR_LISP"{OpenString}{Arg}{Wh}{Q} { snarf (); } {NT}"DEFVAR_SPECIFIER"{OpenString}{Arg}{Wh}{Q} { snarf (); } {NT}"DEFVAR_INT"{OpenString}{Arg}{Wh}{Q} { snarf (); } {NT}"DEFVAR_BUFFER_LOCAL"{OpenString}{Arg}{Wh}{Q} { snarf (); } {NT}"DEFVAR_BUFFER_DEFAULTS"{OpenString}{Arg}{Wh}{Q} { snarf (); } {NT}"deferror"{Open}{Arg}{StringArg}{Wh}{Q} { snarf (); } {NT}"barf_or_query_if_file_exists"{Open}{Arg}{Wh}{Q} { /* #### see comment above about use of Arg */ snarf (); } {NT}"DEFUN"{Open} { BEGIN DEFUN; } "/*" { /* This is hateful, but doc strings are sometimes put inside of comments (to get around limits in cpp), so we can't ignore stuff inside of comments. */ /* BEGIN C_COMMENT; */ } {Q} { BEGIN C_QUOTE; } {Any} { } {StringArg}{Arg}{Arg}{Arg}{Arg}{Wh} { BEGIN DEFUN2; } {Any} { bad_c_defun (); } {Q} { /* We found an interactive specification. */ snarf_return_state = DEFUN3; snarf (); } [^,]* { /* This function doesn't have an interactive specification. Don't use {Arg} in the specification because DEFUN3 looks for the comma. */ BEGIN DEFUN3; } {Wh}","{Wh}{Q} { snarf_return_state = DO_C; snarf (); } {Any} { bad_c_defun (); } {Esc} { } {Q} { BEGIN DO_C; } {Any} { } "*/" { BEGIN DO_C; } {Any} { } {LP}{LWh}"gettext"{LWh}{Q} { inc_paren (); snarf (); } {LP}{LWh}"purecopy"{LWh}{Q} { inc_paren (); snarf (); } {LP}{LWh}"interactive"{LWh}{Q} { inc_paren (); snarf (); } {LP}{LWh}"message"{LWh}{Q} { inc_paren (); snarf (); } {LP}{LWh}"error"{LWh}{Q} { inc_paren (); snarf (); } {LP}{LWh}"warn"{LWh}{Q} { inc_paren (); snarf (); } {LP}{LWh}"format"{LWh}{Q} { inc_paren (); snarf (); } {LP}{LWh}"substitute-command-keys"{LWh}{Q} { inc_paren (); snarf (); } {LP}{LWh}"temp-minibuffer-message"{LWh}{Q} { inc_paren (); snarf (); } {LP}{LWh}"momentary-string-display"{LWh}{Q} { inc_paren (); snarf (); } {LP}{LWh}"princ"{LWh}{Q} { inc_paren (); snarf (); } {LP}{LWh}"prin1"{LWh}{Q} { inc_paren (); snarf (); } {LP}{LWh}"prin1-to-string"{LWh}{Q} { inc_paren (); snarf (); } {LP}{LWh}"print"{LWh}{Q} { inc_paren (); snarf (); } {LP}{LWh}"insert"{LWh}{Q} { inc_paren (); snarf (); } {LP}{LWh}"insert-before-markers"{LWh}{Q} { inc_paren (); snarf (); } {LP}{LWh}"get-buffer"{LWh}{Q} { inc_paren (); snarf (); } {LP}{LWh}"get-buffer-create"{LWh}{Q} { inc_paren (); snarf (); } {LP}{LWh}"generate-new-buffer-name"{LWh}{Q} { inc_paren (); snarf (); } {LP}{LWh}"rename-buffer"{LWh}{Q} { inc_paren (); snarf (); } {LP}{LWh}"set-buffer"{LWh}{Q} { inc_paren (); snarf (); } {LP}{LWh}"switch-to-buffer"{LWh}{Q} { inc_paren (); snarf (); } {LP}{LWh}"pop-to-buffer"{LWh}{Q} { inc_paren (); snarf (); } {LP}{LWh}"with-output-to-temp-buffer"{LWh}{Q} { inc_paren (); snarf (); } {LP}{LWh}"buffer-enable-undo"{LWh}{Q} { inc_paren (); snarf (); } {LP}{LWh}"buffer-disable-undo"{LWh}{Q} { inc_paren (); snarf (); } {LP}{LWh}"get-buffer-window"{LWh}{Q} { inc_paren (); snarf (); } {LP}{LWh}"delete-windows-on"{LWh}{Q} { inc_paren (); snarf (); } {LP}{LWh}"replace-buffer-in-windows"{LWh}{Q} { inc_paren (); snarf (); } {LP}{LWh}"display-buffer"{LWh}{Q} { inc_paren (); snarf (); } {LP}{LWh}"other-buffer"{LWh}{Q} { inc_paren (); snarf (); } {LP}{LWh}"read-from-minibuffer"{LWh}{Q} { inc_paren (); snarf (); } {LP}{LWh}"read-shell-command"{LWh}{Q} { inc_paren (); snarf (); } {LP}{LWh}"read-file-name"{LWh}{Q} { inc_paren (); snarf (); } {LP}{LWh}"read-buffer"{LWh}{Q} { inc_paren (); snarf (); } {LP}{LWh}"read-variable"{LWh}{Q} { inc_paren (); snarf (); } {LP}{LWh}"read-command"{LWh}{Q} { inc_paren (); snarf (); } {LP}{LWh}"read-function"{LWh}{Q} { inc_paren (); snarf (); } {LP}{LWh}"read-directory-name"{LWh}{Q} { inc_paren (); snarf (); } {LP}{LWh}"read-string"{LWh}{Q} { inc_paren (); snarf (); } {LP}{LWh}"read-number"{LWh}{Q} { inc_paren (); snarf (); } {LP}{LWh}"read-minibuffer"{LWh}{Q} { inc_paren (); snarf (); } {LP}{LWh}"read-quoted-char"{LWh}{Q} { inc_paren (); snarf (); } {LP}{LWh}"read-face-name"{LWh}{Q} { inc_paren (); snarf (); } {LP}{LWh}"read-itimer"{LWh}{Q} { inc_paren (); snarf (); } {LP}{LWh}"completing-read"{LWh}{Q} { inc_paren (); snarf (); } {LP}{LWh}"y-or-n-p"{LWh}{Q} { inc_paren (); snarf (); } {LP}{LWh}"yes-or-no-p"{LWh}{Q} { inc_paren (); snarf (); } {LP}{LWh}"query-replace-read-args"{LWh}{Q} { inc_paren (); snarf (); } {LP}{LWh}"eval-minibuffer"{LWh}{Q} { inc_paren (); snarf (); } {LP}{LWh}"edit-and-eval-command"{LWh}{Q} { inc_paren (); snarf (); } {LP}{LWh}"defvar"{LWh}{LispToken}{LWh} { inc_paren (); begin_paren_counting (LDEF); } {LP}{LWh}"defconst"{LWh}{LispToken}{LWh} { inc_paren (); begin_paren_counting (LDEF); } {LP}{LWh}"defun"{LWh}{LispToken}{LWh} { inc_paren (); begin_paren_counting (LDEF); } {LP}{LWh}"defmacro"{LWh}{LispToken}{LWh} { inc_paren (); begin_paren_counting (LDEF); } {LP}{LWh}"defsubst"{LWh}{LispToken}{LWh} { inc_paren (); begin_paren_counting (LDEF); } {Q} { BEGIN LQUO; } ";" { BEGIN LCOM; } {LP} { inc_paren (); } {RP} { dec_paren (); } {Esc} { } {W} { lisp_whitespace (); } {Any} { } {Esc} { } {Q} { BEGIN DO_LISP; } {Any} { } "\n" { BEGIN DO_LISP; } {Any} { } {LWh}{Q} { snarf (); } {Any} { BEGIN DO_LISP; } {Esc} { ECHO; } {Q} { ECHO; fprintf (yyout, ")\n"); BEGIN snarf_return_state; } {Any} { ECHO; } {Esc} { ECHO; } "\n" { fprintf (yyout, "\\n\\\n"); } {Q} { ECHO; fprintf (yyout, ")\n"); BEGIN snarf_return_state; } {Any} { ECHO; } %% enum filetype { C_FILE, LISP_FILE, INVALID_FILE }; /* some brain-dead headers define this ... */ #undef FALSE #undef TRUE enum boolean { FALSE, TRUE }; void scan_file (char *filename); void process_C_file (void); void process_Lisp_file (void); int in_c; int in_paren_counting, paren_count; int paren_return_state; snarf () { fprintf (yyout, "gettext(\""); if (in_c) BEGIN CSNARF; else BEGIN LSNARF; } bad_c_defun () { fprintf (stderr, "Warning: Invalid DEFUN encountered in C, line %d.\n", yylineno); snarf_return_state = DO_C; BEGIN DO_C; /* REJECT; Sun's lex is broken! Use Flex! */ } bad_lisp_def () { fprintf (stderr, "Warning: Invalid defmumble encountered in Lisp, line %d.\n", yylineno); snarf_return_state = DO_LISP; BEGIN DO_LISP; /* REJECT; Sun's lex is broken! Use Flex! */ } inc_paren () { if (in_paren_counting) paren_count++; } dec_paren () { if (in_paren_counting) { /* If we find a right paren without a matching left paren, it usually just indicates a statement like (defvar foo-mumble nil) where 'nil' is the sexp we are skipping over, and there's no doc string. */ if (paren_count > 0) paren_count--; else unput (')'); if (paren_count == 0) { in_paren_counting = 0; BEGIN paren_return_state; } } } /* #### begin_paren_counting () does not handle recursive entries */ begin_paren_counting (int return_state) { in_paren_counting = 1; paren_count = 0; paren_return_state = return_state; } lisp_whitespace () { if (in_paren_counting && !paren_count) { /* We got to the end of a token and we're not in a parenthesized expression, so we're at the end of an sexp. */ in_paren_counting = 0; BEGIN paren_return_state; } } yywrap () { return 1; } main (int argc, char *argv[]) { register int i; yyout = stdout; /* If first two args are -o FILE, output to FILE. */ i = 1; if (argc > i + 1 && strcmp (argv[i], "-o") == 0) { yyout = fopen (argv[++i], "w"); ++i; } /* ...Or if args are -a FILE, append to FILE. */ if (argc > i + 1 && strcmp (argv[i], "-a") == 0) { yyout = fopen (argv[++i], "a"); ++i; } if (!yyout) { fprintf (stderr, "Unable to open output file %s\n", argv[--i]); return; } for (; i < argc; i++) scan_file (argv[i]); return 0; } void scan_file (char *filename) { enum filetype type = INVALID_FILE; register char *p = filename + strlen (filename); if (strcmp (p - 4, ".elc") == 0) { *--p = '\0'; /* Use .el file instead */ type = LISP_FILE; } else if (strcmp (p - 3, ".el") == 0) type = LISP_FILE; else if (strcmp (p - 2, ".o") == 0) { *--p = 'c'; /* Use .c file instead */ type = C_FILE; } else if (strcmp (p - 2, ".c") == 0) type = C_FILE; if (type == INVALID_FILE) { fprintf (stderr, "File %s being ignored\n", filename); return; } yyin = fopen (filename, "r"); if (!yyin) { fprintf (stderr, "Unable to open input file %s\n", filename); return; } fprintf (yyout, "/* %s */\n", filename); if (type == C_FILE) process_C_file (); else process_Lisp_file (); fputc ('\n', yyout); fclose (yyin); } void process_C_file () { snarf_return_state = DO_C; in_c = 1; BEGIN DO_C; yylex (); } void process_Lisp_file () { snarf_return_state = DO_LISP; in_c = 0; BEGIN DO_LISP; yylex (); }