1 @c \input texinfo @c -*-texinfo-*-
2 @c Uncomment 1st line before texing this file alone.
4 @c Copyright (C) 1995, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
6 @c Do not modify this file, it was generated from gnus-faq.xml, available from
7 @c <URL:http://my.gnus.org/FAQ/>.
9 @setfilename gnus-faq-ja
10 @settitle Frequently Asked Questions
14 @node Frequently Asked Questions
15 @section
\e$B$h$/?R$M$i$l$k<ALd
\e(B
19 * FAQ - Introduction:: Gnus
\e$B$*$h$S$3$N
\e(B FAQ
\e$B$K$D$$$F
\e(B
20 * FAQ 1 - Installation FAQ:: Gnus
\e$B$N%$%s%9%H!<%k
\e(B
21 * FAQ 2 - Startup / Group buffer::
\e$B5/F0$K4X$9$k<ALd$H!":G=i$KI=<($9$k%P%C%U%!
\e(B
22 * FAQ 3 - Getting Messages:: Gnus
\e$B$G%a!<%k$H%K%e!<%9$rFI$a$k$h$&$K$9$k
\e(B
23 * FAQ 4 - Reading messages::
\e$B8zN(NI$/%a%C%;!<%8$rFI$`J}K!
\e(B
24 * FAQ 5 - Composing messages::
\e$B%a%C%;!<%8$N:n@.!"$^$?$O
\e(B Usenet
\e$B$X$NEj9F
\e(B
25 * FAQ 6 - Old messages::
\e$B0\F~!"=q8K$X$NJ]B8!"8!:w!"$*$h$S%a%C%;!<%8$N>C5n
\e(B
26 * FAQ 7 - Gnus in a dial-up environment::
\e$B%*%U%i%$%s$G%a!<%k$H%K%e!<%9$rFI$`
\e(B
27 * FAQ 8 - Getting help::
\e$B$3$N
\e(B FAQ
\e$B$G$OIT=<J,$@$C$?$i
\e(B
28 * FAQ 9 - Tuning Gnus:: Gnus
\e$B$rB.$/$9$k$K$O
\e(B
29 * FAQ - Glossary::
\e$B$3$N
\e(B FAQ
\e$B$G;H$o$l$kMQ8l
\e(B
32 @subheading
\e$BMWLs
\e(B
34 \e$B$3$l$O?7$7$$
\e(B Gnus
\e$B$N$h$/?R$M$i$l$k<ALd$N%j%9%H$G$9!#
\e(BWeb
\e$B%V%i%&%6!<$,$"$l
\e(B
35 \e$B$P!"
\e(B@uref{http://my.gnus.org/FAQ/}
\e$B$K$"$k8x<0$J%O%$%Q!<%F%-%9%HHG$rFI$`
\e(B
36 \e$B$3$H$,$G$-$^$9!#
\e(BDocbook
\e$B$N%=!<%9
\e(B
37 \e$B$O
\e(B @uref{http://sourceforge.net/projects/gnus/,
38 http://sourceforge.net}
\e$B$+$i<j$KF~$l$k$3$H$,$G$-$^$9!#
\e(B
40 \e$B5!G=$K4X$9$k$3$H$dDs0F$O
\e(B @email{faq-discuss@@my.gnus.org, FAQ discussion
41 list}
\e$B$KAw$C$F2<$5$$!#$3$N%a!<%j%s%0%j%9%H
\e(B
42 \e$B$O
\e(B @uref{http://smarden.org/qconfirm/index.html, qconfirm}
\e$B$K$h$C$F!"$4
\e(B
43 \e$B$_%a!<%k$+$i<i$i$l$F$$$^$9!#;22C<T$+$i$NEj9F$O<+F0E*$KDL2a$9$k$G$7$g$&!#
\e(B
44 \e$B$5$i$K!"6u$N%a!<%k$r
\e(B @email{faq-discuss-subscribe@@my.gnus.org,
45 faq-discuss-subscribe@@my.gnus.org}
\e$B$KAw$k$+!"
\e(B
46 @uref{http://mail1.kens.com/cgi-bin/ezmlm-browse?command=monthbythread%26list=faq-discuss,
47 \e$B$3$3$r1\Mw
\e(B}
\e$B$9$k$3$H$K$h$C$F$b!"$3$N%a!<%j%s%0%j%9%H$r9VFI$9$k$3$H$,$G$-
\e(B
51 @subheading
\e$BJQ99MzNr
\e(B
55 Gnus 5.10
\e$B$N%j%j!<%9$H
\e(B No Gnus
\e$B$N3+H/$N3+;O$rH?1G$7$F
\e(B FAQ
\e$B$r99?7$7$^$7$?!#
\e(B
58 @node FAQ - Introduction
59 @subheading
\e$B=x
\e(B
61 \e$B$3$l$O
\e(B Gnus
\e$B$N$h$/?R$M$i$l$k<ALd$N%j%9%H$G$9!#
\e(B
63 Gnus
\e$B$O
\e(B Emacs
\e$B$NMWAG$H$7$F<BAu$5$l$?
\e(B Usenet
\e$B%K%e!<%9%j!<%@!<$*$h$SEE;R%a!<
\e(B
64 \e$B%k$N%f!<%6!<%(!<%8%'%s%H$G$9!#$=$l$O$[$\$3$N==G/4V2?$i$+$N7A$GB8:_$7$F$*
\e(B
65 \e$B$j!"$=$N4|4V$NB?$/$K$*$$$F
\e(B Emacs
\e$B$NI8=`MWAG$H$7$FG[I[$5$l$F$-$^$7$?!#
\e(B
66 Gnus 5
\e$B$O:G?7$N
\e(B (
\e$B$=$7$F:G$b0NBg$J
\e(B)
\e$B:nIJ$G$9!#%*%j%8%J%k$NHG$O
\e(B GNUS
\e$B$H8@
\e(B
67 \e$B$$!"G_ED@/?.$5$s$,=q$-$^$7$?!#
\e(B1994
\e$BG/$N=)$,G&$S4s$k:"!"B`6~$7$F$$$?%i%k%9!&
\e(B
68 \e$B%^%C%0%L!&%$%s%0%V%j%0%C%H%9%s
\e(B (Lars Magne Ingebrigtsen)
\e$B$O
\e(B Gnus
\e$B$r=q$-
\e(B
69 \e$BD>$=$&$H7h?4$7$^$7$?!#
\e(B
71 \e$B$=$N:GBg$N6/$_$O!"6K$a$F%+%9%?%^%$%:$KE,$7$F$$$k$H$$$&;v<B$K$"$j$^$9!#$3
\e(B
72 \e$B$N$3$H$r;O$a$FL\$K$9$k$H0z$$$F$7$^$&$+$b$7$l$^$;$s$,!"$=$l$rMxMQ$9$k=`Hw
\e(B
73 \e$B$,$G$-$k$^$G$O!"J#;($J$b$N$N$[$H$s$I$OL5;k$9$k$3$H$,$G$-$^$9!#$=$3$=$3$N
\e(B
74 \e$BNL$N
\e(B (
\e$B$$$m$s$J%a!<%j%s%0%j%9%H$KG[?.$5$l$k
\e(B)
\e$BEE;R%a!<%k$,$d$C$FMh$k$N$J$i
\e(B
75 \e$B$P!"N.DLNL$,B?$$%a!<%j%s%0%j%9%H$rFI$_$?$$$1$l$I$bCY$l$:$K$D$$$F$$$/$3$H
\e(B
76 \e$B$,$G$-$J$$$N$J$i$P!"N.DLNL$,B?$$%K%e!<%9%0%k!<%W$rFI$s$G$$$k$N$J$i$P!"$"
\e(B
77 \e$B$k$$$OC1$KB`6~$7$F$$$k$N$J$i$P!"
\e(BGnus
\e$B$O$"$J$?$,K>$`$b$N$G$9!#
\e(B
79 \e$B$3$N
\e(B FAQ
\e$B$O
\e(B 2002
\e$BG/
\e(B3
\e$B7n$^$G
\e(B Justin Sheehy
\e$B$K$h$C$F0];}$5$l$F$$$^$7$?!#H`$O!"
\e(B
80 \e$B$=$l0JA0$K$9$P$i$7$$;E;v$r$7$F$/$l$?
\e(B Steve Baur
\e$B$H
\e(B Per Abrahamsen
\e$B$K46<U
\e(B
81 \e$B$rI=L@$7$F$$$^$9!#;d$?$A$bF1$8$3$H$r$7$^$7$g$&
\e(B -
\e$B$"$j$,$H$&
\e(B Justin!
83 Web
\e$B%V%i%&%6!<$,$"$l$P!"
\e(B@uref{http://my.gnus.org/FAQ/}
\e$B$K$"$k8x<0$J%O%$
\e(B
84 \e$B%Q!<%F%-%9%HHG$rFI$`$3$H$,$G$-$^$9!#$3$NHG$O!"%f%H%l%R%H!"%*%C%/%9%U%)!<
\e(B
85 \e$B%I!"
\e(BSmart Pages
\e$B!"%*%O%$%*=#
\e(B (
\e$BN)Bg3X
\e(B)
\e$B$KJ]B8$5$l$F$$$kHs8x<0$J%O%$%Q!<%F
\e(B
86 \e$B%-%9%HHG$dB>$N
\e(B FAQ
\e$B$N=q8K$KHf$Y$F!"$O$k$+$KNI$$$b$N$G$9!#JL$N%U%)!<%^%C
\e(B
87 \e$B%H$G$=$l$r<j$KF~$l$k$?$a$N>pJs$,M_$7$$$J$i!"0J2<$K$"$k<ALd=8$r8+$F2<$5$$!#
\e(B
89 \e$B$3$3$K$"$k>pJs$O!"
\e(BGnus
\e$B3+H/%a!<%j%s%0%j%9%H$N1g=u$G%3%s%Q%$%k$5$l$^$7$?!#
\e(B
90 \e$B$I$s$J%(%i!<$"$k$$$O%_%9%W%j%s%H$b
\e(B my.gnus.org
\e$B%A!<%`$,HH$7$?8m$j$G$9!#
\e(B
93 \e$BLuCm
\e(B:
\e$B$=$7$F$I$s$J8mLu$N@UG$$b
\e(B gnus-doc-ja
\e$B%A!<%`$K$"$j$^$9!#
\e(B
95 @node FAQ 1 - Installation FAQ
96 @subsection
\e$B%$%s%9%H!<%k$K4X$9$k
\e(B FAQ
99 * [1.1]:: Gnus
\e$B$N:G?7HG$O2?$G$9$+
\e(B?
100 * [1.2]:: 5.10
\e$B$G$O2?$,?7$7$$$G$9$+
\e(B?
101 * [1.3]:: Gnus
\e$B$O$I$3$G!"$I$&$d$C$F<hF@$9$k$3$H$,$G$-$^$9$+
\e(B?
102 * [1.4]:: tarball
\e$B$G2?$r$9$l$PNI$$$G$9$+
\e(B?
103 * [1.5]::
\e$B$H$-$I$-L\$K$9$k
\e(B No Gnus
\e$B$H
\e(B Oort Gnus
\e$B$C$F2?$G$9$+
\e(B?
104 * [1.6]:: Emacs
\e$B$N$I$NHG$,I,MW$G$9$+
\e(B?
105 * [1.7]:: Gnus
\e$B$r
\e(B Emacs
\e$B$H
\e(B XEmacs
\e$B$NN>J}$GAv$i$;$k$K$O
\e(B?
109 @subsubheading
\e$B<ALd
\e(B 1.1
111 Gnus
\e$B$N:G?7HG$O2?$G$9$+
\e(B?
113 @subsubheading
\e$B2sEz
\e(B
115 \e$B%8%c!<%s
\e(B: Gnus 5.10
\e$B$,%j%j!<%9$5$l$^$7$?!#G.$$$&$A$K>$$7>e$,$l
\e(B!@*
116 \e$B%P!<%8%g%sHV9f$NJb$_$,$$$5$5$+>.$5$$$@$1$G$O$J$/!"
\e(BGnus 5.10
\e$B$K$O8+F($;$J
\e(B
117 \e$B$$2?%H%s$b$N?7$7$$5!G=$,$"$j$^$9!#8=:_$N%j%j!<%9
\e(B (5.10.6)
\e$B$O!">/$J$/$H
\e(B
118 \e$B$b
\e(B 5.8
\e$B7O$N%j%j!<%9$N:G?7HG$HF1$8$/$i$$0BDj$J$O$:$G$9!#
\e(B
121 @subsubheading
\e$B<ALd
\e(B 1.2
123 5.10
\e$B$G$O2?$,?7$7$$$G$9$+
\e(B?
125 @subsubheading
\e$B2sEz
\e(B
127 \e$BBh0l$K!"
\e(BGnus tarball
\e$B$N@hF,$N%G%#%l%/%H%j!<$K$"$k
\e(B GNUS-NEWS
\e$B%U%!%$%k$KL\
\e(B
128 \e$B$rDL$9$Y$-$G$9!#$=$3$G$O:G$b=EMW$JJQ99$,MeNs$5$l$F$$$^$9!#$3$3$G$O;d$,FC
\e(B
129 \e$B$K=EMW$@
\e(B/
\e$B6=L#?<$$$H46$8$?$b$N$N!"C;$$%j%9%H$r5s$2$k$KN1$a$^$9
\e(B:
133 Gnus
\e$B%(!<%8%'%s%H$NBgI}$J=q$-D>$7!#%G%#%U%)%k%H$GM-8z$K$J$C$F$$$^$9!#
\e(B
136 \e$B8+6l$7$/7A@.$5$l$?5-;v$r@vBu$9$k$?$a$NB?$/$N5!G=!#
\e(B
139 Spam
\e$B=|$15!G=!#
\e(B
142 Message-utils
\e$B$,
\e(B Gnus
\e$B$K4^$^$l$^$7$?!#
\e(B@*
143 (
\e$BLuCm
\e(B: Holger Schauer
\e$B$5$s$,=q$$$?
\e(B message-utils.el
\e$B$N=t5!G=
\e(B
144 \e$B$,
\e(B message.el
\e$B$K0\F~$5$l$^$7$?!#
\e(B)
147 \e$B35N,9T$N$?$a$N?7$7$$=qK!;EMM!#Nc$($P
\e(B %B
\e$B$OJ#;($J
\e(B trn
\e$BMM<0$N%9%l%C%I
\e(B
148 \e$BLZ
\e(B (tree)
\e$B$r;XDj$9$k=qK!;EMM$G$9!#
\e(B
152 @subsubheading
\e$B<ALd
\e(B 1.3
154 Gnus
\e$B$O$I$3$G!"$I$&$d$C$F<hF@$9$k$3$H$,$G$-$^$9$+
\e(B?
156 @subsubheading
\e$B2sEz
\e(B
158 \e$B%j%j!<%9$5$l$?:G?7HG$N
\e(B Gnus
\e$B$O
\e(B Emacs 21
\e$B$K4^$^$l$F$$$J$$$N$G!"
\e(B
159 @uref{http://www.gnus.org/dist/gnus.tar.gz}
\e$B$+$i!"$^$?$OF?
\e(B
160 \e$BL>
\e(B ftp
\e$B$G
\e(B @uref{http://www.gnus.org/dist/gnus.tar.gz}
\e$B$+$i!"
\e(B
161 Gnus
\e$B$N
\e(B tarball
\e$B$r<hF@$9$kI,MW$,$"$j$^$9!#
\e(BEmacs
\e$B$G$O$J$/$F
\e(B XEmacs
\e$B$r;H$C
\e(B
162 \e$B$F$$$k$N$J$i!"
\e(BXEmacs
\e$B$N%Q%C%1!<%8%7%9%F%`$r;H$&$3$H$,$G$-$^$9!#
\e(B
165 @subsubheading
\e$B<ALd
\e(B 1.4
167 tarball
\e$B$G2?$r$9$l$PNI$$$G$9$+
\e(B?
169 @subsubheading
\e$B2sEz
\e(B
171 @samp{tar xvzf gnus.tar.gz}
\e$B$G=q8K$rE83+$7$F!"$"$j$U$l$?
\e(B@*
172 @samp{./configure; make; make install}
\e$B$N<j=g$r<B9T$7$F2<$5$$!#
\e(B
175 \e$BLuCm
\e(B:
\e$B$3$l$@$H
\e(B gnus.elc
\e$B$r4^$`$?$/$5$s$N%U%!%$%k$r
\e(B @file{site-lisp/}
\e$B%G%#
\e(B
176 \e$B%l%/%H%j!<$ND>2<$K$P$i$^$$$F$7$^$&$N$G!"0J2<$N$h$&$K%5%V%G%#%l%/%H%j!<$r
\e(B
177 \e$B;XDj$7$F%$%s%9%H!<%k$9$k$3$H$r$*4+$a$7$^$9!#
\e(B
180 ./configure --with-lispdir=/usr/local/share/emacs/site-lisp/gnus
185 configure
\e$B$NB>$N%*%W%7%g%s$O!"
\e(B@samp{./configure --help}
\e$B$GCN$k$3$H$,$G$-
\e(B
189 (MS-Windows
\e$B$G$O
\e(B @uref{http://www.cygwin.com}
\e$B$+$i
\e(B Cygwin
\e$B$N4D6-$b<hF@$7
\e(B
190 \e$B$F2<$5$$!#$=$l$O>e=R$N$3$H$I$b$r9T$J$&$3$H!"$^$?$O$"$k:-Jq4o
\e(B (packer)
191 (
\e$BNc$($P
\e(B @uref{http://www.winace.com}
\e$B$K$"$k
\e(B Winace)
\e$B$G
\e(B tarball
\e$B$r3+:-$9
\e(B
192 \e$B$k$3$H!"$=$7$F
\e(B tarball
\e$B$K4^$^$l$F$$$k
\e(B Gnus
\e$B$r%$%s%9%H!<%k$9$k$?$a$N%P%C
\e(B
193 \e$B%A%U%!%$%k
\e(B @file{make.bat}
\e$B$r;H$&$3$H$r2DG=$K$7$^$9!#
\e(B) Gnus
\e$B$r%7%9%F%`
\e(B
194 \e$BNN0h$K%$%s%9%H!<%k$7$?$/$J$$
\e(B (
\e$B$^$?$O$=$N8"8B$,M?$($i$l$F$$$J$$
\e(B)
\e$B$J$i$P!"
\e(B
195 \e$B%[!<%`%G%#%l%/%H%j!<$K%$%s%9%H!<%k$9$k$3$H$b$G$-$^$9!#$=$N>l9g
\e(B
196 \e$B$O
\e(B @file{~/.xemacs/init.el}
\e$B%U%!%$%k$+
\e(B @file{.emacs}
\e$B%U%!%$%k$K0J2<$N9T
\e(B
197 \e$B$r2C$($F2<$5$$!#
\e(B
200 (add-to-list 'load-path "/path/to/gnus/lisp")
201 (if (featurep 'xemacs)
202 (add-to-list 'Info-directory-list "/path/to/gnus/texi/")
203 (add-to-list 'Info-default-directory-list "/path/to/gnus/texi/"))
207 \e$B$3$N9T$h$jA0$K!"3N<B$K$I$s$J
\e(B Gnus
\e$B$K4X78$9$k$b$N$bL5$$$h$&$K$7$F2<$5$$!#
\e(B
208 MS Windows
\e$B$G$O
\e(B "C:/path/to/lisp"
\e$B$N$h$&$K=q$$$F2<$5$$
\e(B (
\e$B$=$&!"
\e(B"/"
\e$B$G$9
\e(B)
\e$B!#
\e(B
211 @subsubheading
\e$B<ALd
\e(B 1.5
213 \e$B$H$-$I$-L\$K$9$k
\e(B No Gnus
\e$B$H
\e(B Oort Gnus
\e$B$C$F2?$G$9$+
\e(B?
215 @subsubheading
\e$B2sEz
\e(B
217 Oort Gnus
\e$B$O
\e(B Gnus
\e$B$N3+H/HG$NL>A0$G!"
\e(B2003
\e$BG/$N=)$K
\e(B Gnus 5.10
\e$B$K$J$j$^$7$?!#
\e(B
218 No Gnus
\e$B$O8=9T$N3+H/HG$NL>A0$G!"
\e(BGnus 5.12
\e$B$+
\e(B Gnus 6
\e$B$K$J$k$G$7$g$&!#
\e(B(
\e$B$J
\e(B
219 \e$B$<
\e(B 5.11
\e$B$G$O$J$$$N$+$,IT;W5D$G$9$+
\e(B?
\e$B4q?t$N%P!<%8%g%sHV9f$ODL>o
\e(B Emacs
\e$B$K
\e(B
220 \e$BF1:-$5$l$k
\e(B Gnus
\e$B$NHG$K;H$o$l$k$N$G$9!#
\e(B)
223 @subsubheading
\e$B<ALd
\e(B 1.6
225 Emacs
\e$B$N$I$NHG$,I,MW$G$9$+
\e(B?
227 @subsubheading
\e$B2sEz
\e(B
229 Gnus 5.10
\e$B$O
\e(B Emacs 20.7
\e$B0J>e!"$^$?$O
\e(B XEmacs 21.1
\e$B0J>e$rI,MW$H$7$^$9!#3+
\e(B
230 \e$BH/HG$N
\e(B Gnus (No Gnus
\e$B$H$7$FCN$i$l$F$$$k$b
\e(B
231 \e$B$N
\e(B)
\e$B$O
\e(B Emacs 21
\e$B$+
\e(B XEmacs 21.4
\e$B$rI,MW$H$7$^$9!#
\e(B
234 @subsubheading
\e$B<ALd
\e(B 1.7
236 Gnus
\e$B$r
\e(B Emacs
\e$B$H
\e(B XEmacs
\e$B$NN>J}$GAv$i$;$k$K$O!"$I$&$9$l$PNI$$$G$9$+
\e(B?
238 @subsubheading
\e$B2sEz
\e(B
240 \e$B%P%$%H%3%s%Q%$%k$5$l$?
\e(B Gnus
\e$B$NF1$8%3%T!<$rN><T$G;H$&$3$H$O$G$-$^$;$s!#
\e(B
241 Emacs
\e$B$G$O
\e(B Emacs
\e$B$G%3%s%Q%$%k$7$?$b$N$r!"
\e(BXEmacs
\e$B$G$O
\e(B XEmacs
\e$B$G%3%s%Q%$%k
\e(B
242 \e$B$7$?$b$N$r;H$C$F2<$5$$!#
\e(B
244 @node FAQ 2 - Startup / Group buffer
245 @subsection
\e$B5/F0
\e(B /
\e$B%0%k!<%W%P%C%U%!
\e(B
248 * [2.1]::
\e$B!!$$$D$b
\e(B Gnus
\e$B$r5/F0$9$k$H
\e(B
249 "Gnus auto-save file exists. Do you want to read it?"
250 \e$B$H$$$&%a%C%;!<%8$r<u$1<h$k$N$G$9$,!"$3$l$O2?$r0UL#$7
\e(B
251 \e$B$F$$$k$N$G$9$+
\e(B?
\e$B$^$?!"$I$&$d$C$?$i2sHr$G$-$^$9$+
\e(B?
253 * [2.2]::
\e$B!!
\e(BGnus
\e$B$O;d$,$I$N%0%k!<%W$r9VFI$9$k$+$r3P$($F$/$l$^$;
\e(B
254 \e$B$s!#$I$&$7$F$G$9$+
\e(B?
256 * [2.3]::
\e$B!!%0%k!<%W%P%C%U%!$N3F9T$N7A<0$rJQ99$9$k$K$O!"$I$&$7$?
\e(B
257 \e$B$iNI$$$G$9$+
\e(B?
259 * [2.4]::
\e$B!!;d$N%0%k!<%W%P%C%U%!$O$A$g$C$H:.$s$G$$$k$N$G$9$,!"
\e(B
260 \e$B$=$l$i$r3Z$K=d2s$G$-$k$h$&$K!"%+%F%4%j!<$4$H$K$^$H$^
\e(B
261 \e$B$k$h$&$KJB$YJQ$($kJ}K!$O$"$j$^$9$+
\e(B?
263 * [2.5]::
\e$B!!%0%k!<%W%P%C%U%!$r<j$GJB$YJQ$($k$K$O$I$&$7$?$iNI$$$G
\e(B
264 \e$B$9$+
\e(B?
\e$B%H%T%C%/Fb$N%0%k!<%W$rJB$YJQ$($k$K$O$I$&$7$?$i
\e(B
269 @subsubheading
\e$B<ALd
\e(B 2.1
271 \e$B$$$D$b
\e(B Gnus
\e$B$r5/F0$9$k$H
\e(B "Gnus auto-save file exists. Do you want to
272 read it?"
\e$B$H$$$&%a%C%;!<%8$r<u$1<h$k$N$G$9$,!"$3$l$O2?$r0UL#$7$F$$$k$N$G
\e(B
273 \e$B$9$+
\e(B?
\e$B$^$?!"$I$&$d$C$?$i2sHr$G$-$^$9$+
\e(B?
275 @subsubheading
\e$B2sEz
\e(B
277 \e$B$3$N%a%C%;!<%8$,0UL#$9$k$N$O!":G8e$K
\e(B Gnus
\e$B$r;H$C$?$H$-$KE,@Z$K=*N;$5$;$J
\e(B
278 \e$B$+$C$?$?$a$K!"%G%#%9%/$K$=$N>pJs
\e(B (
\e$BNc$($P$I$N%a%C%;!<%8$rFI$s$@$+$N
\e(B)
\e$B$r=q
\e(B
279 \e$B$-9~$`$3$H$,$G$-$J$+$C$?$N$G!":#!"$=$l$i$N>pJs$r<+F0J]B8
\e(B (auto-save)
\e$B%U%!
\e(B
280 \e$B%$%k$+$iI|3h$5$;$k$+$I$&$+$r?R$M$i$l$F$$$k$H$$$&$3$H$G$9!#
\e(B
282 \e$B$3$N%a%C%;!<%8$,H/$;$i$l$k$N$r2sHr$9$k$K$O!"
\e(BGnus
\e$B$r=*N;$5$;$k$H$-$KC1
\e(B
283 \e$B$K
\e(B Emacs
\e$B$r
\e(B kill
\e$B$9$k$N$G$O$J$/!"%0%k!<%W%P%C%U%!$G
\e(B @kbd{q}
\e$B$r;H$&$h$&$K
\e(B
287 @subsubheading
\e$B<ALd
\e(B 2.2
289 Gnus
\e$B$O;d$,$I$N%0%k!<%W$r9VFI$9$k$+$r3P$($F$/$l$^$;$s!#$I$&$7$F$G$9$+
\e(B?
291 @subsubheading
\e$B2sEz
\e(B
293 Gnus
\e$B$r5/F0$7$?$H$-$K!">e5-$N<ALd$H2sEz
\e(B (@pxref{[2.1]})
\e$B$G=R$Y$i$l$F$$$k
\e(B
294 \e$B%a%C%;!<%8$r<u$1<h$j$^$;$s$G$7$?$+
\e(B?
\e$B$3$l$OF1$8LdBj$NJL$N>I>u$J$N$G!">e
\e(B
295 \e$B5-$N2sEz$rFI$s$G$/$@$5$$!#
\e(B
298 @subsubheading
\e$B<ALd
\e(B 2.3
300 \e$B%0%k!<%W%P%C%U%!$N3F9T$N7A<0$rJQ99$9$k$K$O!"$I$&$7$?$iNI$$$G$9$+
\e(B?
302 @subsubheading
\e$B2sEz
\e(B
304 \e$BJQ?t
\e(B @code{gnus-group-line-format}
\e$B$NCM$rD4@0$7$J$1$l$P$J$j$^$;$s!#$=$N
\e(B
305 \e$B$d$jJ}$K$D$$$F$O%^%K%e%"%k
\e(B (@pxref{Group Line Specification, ,
306 \e$B%0%k!<%W9T$N;EMM
\e(B, gnus-ja, The Gnus Manual})
\e$B$r8+$F2<$5$$!#$3$N$?$a$NNc
\e(B
307 \e$B$G$9
\e(B (
\e$B<ALd<T$N
\e(B @file{~/.gnus.el}
\e$B%U%!%$%k$+$i$N?dB,$G$9
\e(B :-):
310 (setq gnus-group-line-format "%P%M%S[%5t]%5y : %(%g%)\n")
314 @subsubheading
\e$B<ALd
\e(B 2.4
316 \e$B;d$N%0%k!<%W%P%C%U%!$O$A$g$C$H:.$s$G$$$k$N$G$9$,!"$=$l$i$r3Z$K=d2s$G$-$k
\e(B
317 \e$B$h$&$K!"%+%F%4%j!<$4$H$K$^$H$^$k$h$&$KJB$YJQ$($kJ}K!$O$"$j$^$9$+
\e(B?
319 @subsubheading
\e$B2sEz
\e(B
321 Gnus
\e$B$O%H%T%C%/%b!<%I$rDs6!$7$^$9!#$=$l$O%0%k!<%W$r$=$NCf$XF~$l$FJB$YJQ
\e(B
322 \e$B$($k$3$H$r2DG=$K$7$^$9!#$(!<$H%H%T%C%/$r;H$&$H$$$&$N$O!"Nc$($P
\e(B Linux
\e$B$r
\e(B
323 \e$B07$&$9$Y$F$N%0%k!<%W$O
\e(B linux
\e$B$H$$$&%H%T%C%/$K<}$a!"2;3Z$r07$&$9$Y$F
\e(B
324 \e$B$O
\e(B music
\e$B$H$$$&%H%T%C%/$K<}$a!"%9%3%C%H%i%s%I2;3Z$r07$&$9$Y$F
\e(B
325 \e$B$O
\e(B scottish
\e$B$H$$$&
\e(B music
\e$B$N%5%V%H%T%C%/$K<}$a$k!"$H$$$C$?$3$H$G$9!#
\e(B
327 \e$B%H%T%C%/%b!<%I$KF~$k$K$O!"%0%k!<%W%P%C%U%!$GC1$K
\e(B @kbd{t}
\e$B$rC!$$$F2<$5$$!#
\e(B
328 \e$B$9$k$H
\e(B @kbd{T n}
\e$B$r;H$C$F8=:_0LCV$G%H%T%C%/$r:n$C$?$j!"$"$k%0%k!<%W
\e(B
329 \e$B$r
\e(B @kbd{T m}
\e$B$r;H$C$F;XDj$7$?%H%T%C%/$K0\$9$3$H$,$G$-$^$9!#$5$i$J$k%3%^
\e(B
330 \e$B%s%I$K$D$$$F$O%^%K%e%"%k$+%a%K%e!<$r8+$F2<$5$$!#%0%k!<%W9T$r$h$jNI$/9T2<
\e(B
331 \e$B$2
\e(B (indent)
\e$B$5$;$k$?$a$K!"
\e(B@code{gnus-group-line-format}
\e$BJQ?t$N@hF,
\e(B
332 \e$B$K
\e(B @code{%P}
\e$B=qK!;EMM$r4^$^$;$kI,MW$,$"$k$+$b$7$l$^$;$s!#
\e(B
335 @subsubheading
\e$B<ALd
\e(B 2.5
337 \e$B%0%k!<%W%P%C%U%!$r<j$GJB$YJQ$($k$K$O$I$&$7$?$iNI$$$G$9$+
\e(B?
\e$B%H%T%C%/Fb$N%0
\e(B
338 \e$B%k!<%W$rJB$YJQ$($k$K$O$I$&$7$?$iNI$$$G$9$+
\e(B?
340 @subsubheading
\e$B2sEz
\e(B
342 \e$B0\F0$5$;$?$$%0%k!<%W$N>e$K%]%$%s%H$r0\F0$7$F
\e(B @kbd{C-k}
\e$B$rC!$-!"<!$K$=$N
\e(B
343 \e$B%0%k!<%W$r0\F0$5$;$kL\E*$N>l=j$K%]%$%s%H$r0\F0$7$F
\e(B @kbd{C-y}
\e$B$rC!$$$F2<
\e(B
346 @node FAQ 3 - Getting Messages
347 @subsection
\e$B%a%C%;!<%8$N<hF@
\e(B
350 * [3.1]::
\e$B!!;d$O$^$5$K
\e(B Gnus
\e$B$r%$%s%9%H!<%k$7$F
\e(B `M-x gnus'
\e$B$G5/
\e(B
351 \e$BF0$7$?$N$G$9$,!"
\e(B"nntp (news) open error"
\e$B$H$7$+8@$C
\e(B
352 \e$B$F$/$l$^$;$s!#$I$&$7$?$iNI$$$G$9$+
\e(B?
354 * [3.2]::
\e$B!!;d$O
\e(B Windows
\e$B$r;H$C$F$$$^$9$,
\e(B `~/.gnus.el'
\e$B$N0UL#$,
\e(B
355 \e$B$o$+$j$^$;$s!#
\e(B
357 * [3.3]::
\e$B!!;d$N%K%e!<%9%5!<%P!<$OG'>Z$rMW5a$7$^$9!#%G%#%9%/$K
\e(B
358 \e$B%f!<%6L>$H%Q%9%o!<%I$r3JG<$9$k$K$O!"$I$&$9$l$PNI$$
\e(B
361 * [3.4]::
\e$B!!
\e(BGnus
\e$B$O<iHwNI$/5/F0$7$?$h$&$J$N$G$9$,!"%0%k!<%W$r9V
\e(B
362 \e$BFI$9$kJ}K!$,8+$D$1$i$l$^$;$s!#
\e(B
364 * [3.5]::
\e$B!!
\e(BGnus
\e$B$O$9$Y$F$N%0%k!<%W$rI=<($7$F$/$l$^$;$s
\e(B /
\e$B;d$O
\e(B
365 \e$B$3$N%5!<%P!<$X$NEj9F$,5v2D$5$l$^$;$s!#$I$&$7$F$G$9
\e(B
368 * [3.6]::
\e$B!!;d$OJ#?t$N%5!<%P!<$+$i%K%e!<%9$r<h$j9~$_$?$$$N$G$9
\e(B
369 \e$B$,!"$=$l$O2DG=$G$9$+
\e(B?
371 * [3.7]::
\e$B!!$=$7$F!"%m!<%+%k!&%9%W!<%k!&%U%!%$%k$+$i%K%e!<%9$r
\e(B
372 \e$B<h$j9~$`$3$H$O2DG=$G$9$+
\e(B?
374 * [3.8]::
\e$B!!%K%e!<%9$rFI$`$3$H$O$&$^$/$$$-$^$7$?$,!";d$O
\e(B Gnus
375 \e$B$G%a!<%k$rFI$a$k$h$&$K$7$?$$$N$G$9!#$I$&$9$l$PNI$$
\e(B
378 * [3.9]::
\e$B!!$=$7$F
\e(B IMAP
\e$B$G%a!<%k$rFI$a$k$h$&$K$9$k$K$O!"$I$&$9
\e(B
379 \e$B$l$PNI$$$G$9$+
\e(B?
381 * [3.10]::
\e$B!!;d$?$A$O?&>l$G
\e(B MS Exchange
\e$B%5!<%P!<$N0l$D$r;H$C$F$$
\e(B
382 \e$B$k$N$G$9$,!"
\e(BGnus
\e$B$r;H$C$F$=$3$+$i%a!<%k$rFI$`$3$H$O
\e(B
385 * [3.11]::
\e$B!!
\e(BPOP3
\e$B$G%a!<%k$r<hF@$9$k%5!<%P!<$G!"%a!<%k$r>C$5$J$$
\e(B
386 \e$B$h$&$K
\e(B Gnus
\e$B$K;X<($9$k$3$H$O$G$-$^$9$+
\e(B?
390 @subsubheading Question 3.1
392 I just installed Gnus, started it via
394 but it only says "nntp (news) open error", what to do?
396 @subsubheading Answer
398 You've got to tell Gnus where to fetch the news from. Read
399 the documentation for information on how to do this. As a
400 first start, put those lines in ~/.gnus.el:
403 (setq gnus-select-method '(nntp "news.yourprovider.net"))
404 (setq user-mail-address "you@@yourprovider.net")
405 (setq user-full-name "Your Name")
410 @subsubheading Question 3.2
412 I'm working under Windows and have no idea what ~/.gnus.el means.
414 @subsubheading Answer
416 The ~/ means the home directory where Gnus and Emacs look
417 for the configuration files. However, you don't really
418 need to know what this means, it suffices that Emacs knows
419 what it means :-) You can type
420 @samp{C-x C-f ~/.gnus.el RET }
421 (yes, with the forward slash, even on Windows), and
422 Emacs will open the right file for you. (It will most
423 likely be new, and thus empty.)
424 However, I'd discourage you from doing so, since the
425 directory Emacs chooses will most certainly not be what
426 you want, so let's do it the correct way.
427 The first thing you've got to do is to
428 create a suitable directory (no blanks in directory name
429 please) e.g. c:\myhome. Then you must set the environment
430 variable HOME to this directory. To do this under Win9x
431 or Me include the line
438 in your autoexec.bat and reboot. Under NT, 2000 and XP,
439 hit Winkey+Pause/Break to enter system options (if it
440 doesn't work, go to Control Panel -> System). There you'll
441 find the possibility to set environment variables, create
442 a new one with name HOME and value C:\myhome, a reboot is
445 Now to create ~/.gnus.el, say
446 @samp{C-x C-f ~/.gnus.el RET C-x C-s}.
450 @subsubheading Question 3.3
452 My news server requires authentication, how to store
453 user name and password on disk?
455 @subsubheading Answer
457 Create a file ~/.authinfo which includes for each server a line like this
460 machine news.yourprovider.net login YourUserName password YourPassword
464 Make sure that the file isn't readable to others if you
465 work on a OS which is capable of doing so. (Under Unix
468 chmod 600 ~/.authinfo
475 @subsubheading Question 3.4
477 Gnus seems to start up OK, but I can't find out how to
478 subscribe to a group.
480 @subsubheading Answer
482 If you know the name of the group say @samp{U
483 name.of.group RET} in group buffer (use the
484 tab-completion Luke). Otherwise hit ^ in group buffer,
485 this brings you to the server buffer. Now place point (the
486 cursor) over the server which carries the group you want,
487 hit @samp{RET}, move point to the group
488 you want to subscribe to and say @samp{u}
492 @subsubheading Question 3.5
494 Gnus doesn't show all groups / Gnus says I'm not allowed to
495 post on this server as well as I am, what's that?
497 @subsubheading Answer
499 Some providers allow restricted anonymous access and full
500 access only after authorization. To make Gnus send authinfo
501 to those servers append
508 to the line for those servers in ~/.authinfo.
511 @subsubheading Question 3.6
513 I want Gnus to fetch news from several servers, is this possible?
515 @subsubheading Answer
517 Of course. You can specify more sources for articles in the
518 variable gnus-secondary-select-methods. Add something like
522 (add-to-list 'gnus-secondary-select-methods
523 '(nntp "news.yourSecondProvider.net"))
524 (add-to-list 'gnus-secondary-select-methods
525 '(nntp "news.yourThirdProvider.net"))
530 @subsubheading Question 3.7
532 And how about local spool files?
534 @subsubheading Answer
536 No problem, this is just one more select method called
537 nnspool, so you want this:
540 (add-to-list 'gnus-secondary-select-methods '(nnspool ""))
544 Or this if you don't want an NNTP Server as primary news source:
547 (setq gnus-select-method '(nnspool ""))
551 Gnus will look for the spool file in /usr/spool/news, if you
552 want something different, change the line above to something like this:
555 (add-to-list 'gnus-secondary-select-methods
557 (nnspool-directory "/usr/local/myspoolddir")))
561 This sets the spool directory for this server only.
562 You might have to specify more stuff like the program used
563 to post articles, see the Gnus manual on how to do this.
566 @subsubheading Question 3.8
568 OK, reading news works now, but I want to be able to read my mail
569 with Gnus, too. How to do it?
571 @subsubheading Answer
573 That's a bit harder since there are many possible sources
574 for mail, many possible ways for storing mail and many
575 different ways for sending mail. The most common cases are
576 these: 1: You want to read your mail from a pop3 server and
577 send them directly to a SMTP Server 2: Some program like
578 fetchmail retrieves your mail and stores it on disk from
579 where Gnus shall read it. Outgoing mail is sent by
580 Sendmail, Postfix or some other MTA. Sometimes, you even
581 need a combination of the above cases.
583 However, the first thing to do is to tell Gnus in which way
584 it should store the mail, in Gnus terminology which back end
585 to use. Gnus supports many different back ends, the most
586 commonly used one is nnml. It stores every mail in one file
587 and is therefor quite fast. However you might prefer a one
588 file per group approach if your file system has problems with
589 many small files, the nnfolder back end is then probably the
590 choice for you. To use nnml add the following to ~/.gnus.el:
593 (add-to-list 'gnus-secondary-select-methods '(nnml ""))
597 As you might have guessed, if you want nnfolder, it's
600 (add-to-list 'gnus-secondary-select-methods '(nnfolder ""))
604 Now we need to tell Gnus, where to get it's mail from. If
605 it's a POP3 server, then you need something like this:
608 (eval-after-load "mail-source"
609 '(add-to-list 'mail-sources '(pop :server "pop.YourProvider.net"
611 :password "yourPassword")))
615 Make sure ~/.gnus.el isn't readable to others if you store
616 your password there. If you want to read your mail from a
617 traditional spool file on your local machine, it's
620 (eval-after-load "mail-source"
621 '(add-to-list 'mail-sources '(file :path "/path/to/spool/file"))
625 If it's a Maildir, with one file per message as used by
626 postfix, Qmail and (optionally) fetchmail it's
629 (eval-after-load "mail-source"
630 '(add-to-list 'mail-sources '(maildir :path "/path/to/Maildir/"
631 :subdirs ("cur" "new")))
635 And finally if you want to read your mail from several files
636 in one directory, for example because procmail already split your
640 (eval-after-load "mail-source"
641 '(add-to-list 'mail-sources
642 '(directory :path "/path/to/procmail-dir/"
647 Where :suffix ".prcml" tells Gnus only to use files with the
650 OK, now you only need to tell Gnus how to send mail. If you
651 want to send mail via sendmail (or whichever MTA is playing
652 the role of sendmail on your system), you don't need to do
653 anything. However, if you want to send your mail to an
654 SMTP Server you need the following in your ~/.gnus.el
657 (setq send-mail-function 'smtpmail-send-it)
658 (setq message-send-mail-function 'smtpmail-send-it)
659 (setq smtpmail-default-smtp-server "smtp.yourProvider.net")
664 @subsubheading Question 3.9
668 @subsubheading Answer
670 There are two ways of using IMAP with Gnus. The first one is
671 to use IMAP like POP3, that means Gnus fetches the mail from
672 the IMAP server and stores it on disk. If you want to do
673 this (you don't really want to do this) add the following to
677 (add-to-list 'mail-sources '(imap :server "mail.mycorp.com"
681 :authentication login
683 :fetchflag "\\Seen"))
687 You might have to tweak the values for stream and/or
688 authentification, see the Gnus manual node "Mail Source
689 Specifiers" for possible values.
691 If you want to use IMAP the way it's intended, you've got to
692 follow a different approach. You've got to add the nnimap
693 back end to your select method and give the information
694 about the server there.
697 (add-to-list 'gnus-secondary-select-methods
698 '(nnimap "Give the baby a name"
699 (nnimap-address "imap.yourProvider.net")
701 (nnimap-list-pattern "archive.*")))
705 Again, you might have to specify how to authenticate to the
706 server if Gnus can't guess the correct way, see the Manual
707 Node "IMAP" for detailed information.
710 @subsubheading Question 3.10
712 At the office we use one of those MS Exchange servers, can I use
713 Gnus to read my mail from it?
715 @subsubheading Answer
717 Offer your administrator a pair of new running shoes for
718 activating IMAP on the server and follow the instructions
722 @subsubheading Question 3.11
724 Can I tell Gnus not to delete the mails on the server it
727 @subsubheading Answer
729 First of all, that's not the way POP3 is intended to work,
730 if you have the possibility, you should use the IMAP
731 Protocol if you want your messages to stay on the
732 server. Nevertheless there might be situations where you
733 need the feature, but sadly Gnus itself has no predefined
734 functionality to do so.
736 However this is Gnus county so there are possibilities to
737 achieve what you want. The easiest way is to get an external
738 program which retrieves copies of the mail and stores them
739 on disk, so Gnus can read it from there. On Unix systems you
740 could use e.g. fetchmail for this, on MS Windows you can use
741 Hamster, an excellent local news and mail server.
743 The other solution would be, to replace the method Gnus
744 uses to get mail from POP3 servers by one which is capable
745 of leaving the mail on the server. If you use XEmacs, get
746 the package mail-lib, it includes an enhanced pop3.el,
747 look in the file, there's documentation on how to tell
748 Gnus to use it and not to delete the retrieved mail. For
749 GNU Emacs look for the file epop3.el which can do the same
750 (If you know the home of this file, please send me an
751 e-mail). You can also tell Gnus to use an external program
752 (e.g. fetchmail) to fetch your mail, see the info node
753 "Mail Source Specifiers" in the Gnus manual on how to do
756 @node FAQ 4 - Reading messages
757 @subsection Reading messages
760 * [4.1]:: When I enter a group, all read messages are gone. How to
762 * [4.2]:: How to tell Gnus to show an important message every time I
763 enter a group, even when it's read?
764 * [4.3]:: How to view the headers of a message?
765 * [4.4]:: How to view the raw unformatted message?
766 * [4.5]:: How can I change the headers Gnus displays by default at
767 the top of the article buffer?
768 * [4.6]:: I'd like Gnus NOT to render HTML-mails but show me the
769 text part if it's available. How to do it?
770 * [4.7]:: Can I use some other browser than w3 to render my
772 * [4.8]:: Is there anything I can do to make poorly formatted mails
774 * [4.9]:: Is there a way to automatically ignore posts by specific
775 authors or with specific words in the subject? And can I highlight
776 more interesting ones in some way?
777 * [4.10]:: How can I disable threading in some (e.g. mail-) groups,
778 or set other variables specific for some groups?
779 * [4.11]:: Can I highlight messages written by me and follow-ups to
781 * [4.12]:: The number of total messages in a group which Gnus
782 displays in group buffer is by far to high, especially in mail
783 groups. Is this a bug?
784 * [4.13]:: I don't like the layout of summary and article buffer, how
785 to change it? Perhaps even a three pane display?
786 * [4.14]:: I don't like the way the Summary buffer looks, how to
788 * [4.15]:: How to split incoming mails in several groups?
792 @subsubheading Question 4.1
794 When I enter a group, all read messages are gone. How to view them again?
796 @subsubheading Answer
798 If you enter the group by saying
800 in group buffer with point over the group, only unread and ticked messages are loaded. Say
802 instead to load all available messages. If you want only the e.g. 300 newest say
805 Loading only unread messages can be annoying if you have threaded view enabled, say
808 (setq gnus-fetch-old-headers 'some)
812 in ~/.gnus.el to load enough old articles to prevent teared threads, replace 'some with t to load
813 all articles (Warning: Both settings enlarge the amount of data which is
814 fetched when you enter a group and slow down the process of entering a group).
816 If you already use Gnus 5.10, you can say
818 In summary buffer to load the last N messages, this feature is not available in 5.8.8
820 If you don't want all old messages, but the parent of the message you're just reading,
821 you can say @samp{^}, if you want to retrieve the whole thread
822 the message you're just reading belongs to, @samp{A T} is your friend.
825 @subsubheading Question 4.2
827 How to tell Gnus to show an important message every time I
828 enter a group, even when it's read?
830 @subsubheading Answer
832 You can tick important messages. To do this hit
833 @samp{u} while point is in summary buffer
834 over the message. When you want to remove the mark, hit
835 either @samp{d} (this deletes the tick
836 mark and set's unread mark) or @samp{M c}
837 (which deletes all marks for the message).
840 @subsubheading Question 4.3
842 How to view the headers of a message?
844 @subsubheading Answer
847 to show all headers, one more
852 @subsubheading Question 4.4
854 How to view the raw unformatted message?
856 @subsubheading Answer
860 to show the raw message
862 returns to normal view.
865 @subsubheading Question 4.5
867 How can I change the headers Gnus displays by default at
868 the top of the article buffer?
870 @subsubheading Answer
872 The variable gnus-visible-headers controls which headers
873 are shown, its value is a regular expression, header lines
874 which match it are shown. So if you want author, subject,
875 date, and if the header exists, Followup-To and MUA / NUA
876 say this in ~/.gnus.el:
879 (setq gnus-visible-headers
880 '("^From" "^Subject" "^Date" "^Newsgroups" "^Followup-To"
881 "^User-Agent" "^X-Newsreader" "^X-Mailer"))
886 @subsubheading Question 4.6
888 I'd like Gnus NOT to render HTML-mails but show me the
889 text part if it's available. How to do it?
891 @subsubheading Answer
896 (eval-after-load "mm-decode"
898 (add-to-list 'mm-discouraged-alternatives "text/html")
899 (add-to-list 'mm-discouraged-alternatives "text/richtext")))
903 in ~/.gnus.el. If you don't want HTML rendered, even if there's no text alternative add
906 (setq mm-automatic-display (remove "text/html" mm-automatic-display))
913 @subsubheading Question 4.7
915 Can I use some other browser than w3 to render my HTML-mails?
917 @subsubheading Answer
919 Only if you use Gnus 5.10 or younger. In this case you've got the
920 choice between w3, w3m, links, lynx and html2text, which
921 one is used can be specified in the variable
922 mm-text-html-renderer, so if you want links to render your
926 (setq mm-text-html-renderer 'links)
931 @subsubheading Question 4.8
933 Is there anything I can do to make poorly formatted mails
936 @subsubheading Answer
938 Gnus offers you several functions to "wash" incoming mail, you can
939 find them if you browse through the menu, item
940 Article->Washing. The most interesting ones are probably "Wrap
941 long lines" (@samp{W w}), "Decode ROT13"
942 (@samp{W r}) and "Outlook Deuglify" which repairs
943 the dumb quoting used by many users of Microsoft products
944 (@samp{W Y f} gives you full deuglify.
945 See @samp{W Y C-h} or have a look at the menus for
946 other deuglifications). Outlook deuglify is only available since
950 @subsubheading Question 4.9
952 Is there a way to automatically ignore posts by specific
953 authors or with specific words in the subject? And can I
954 highlight more interesting ones in some way?
956 @subsubheading Answer
958 You want Scoring. Scoring means, that you define rules
959 which assign each message an integer value. Depending on
960 the value the message is highlighted in summary buffer (if
961 it's high, say +2000) or automatically marked read (if the
962 value is low, say -800) or some other action happens.
964 There are basically three ways of setting up rules which assign
965 the scoring-value to messages. The first and easiest way is to set
966 up rules based on the article you are just reading. Say you're
967 reading a message by a guy who always writes nonsense and you want
968 to ignore his messages in the future. Hit
969 @samp{L}, to set up a rule which lowers the score.
970 Now Gnus asks you which the criteria for lowering the Score shall
971 be. Hit @samp{?} twice to see all possibilities,
972 we want @samp{a} which means the author (the from
973 header). Now Gnus wants to know which kind of matching we want.
974 Hit either @samp{e} for an exact match or
975 @samp{s} for substring-match and delete afterwards
976 everything but the name to score down all authors with the given
977 name no matter which email address is used. Now you need to tell
978 Gnus when to apply the rule and how long it should last, hit e.g.
979 @samp{p} to apply the rule now and let it last
980 forever. If you want to raise the score instead of lowering it say
981 @samp{I} instead of @samp{L}.
983 You can also set up rules by hand. To do this say @samp{V
984 f} in summary buffer. Then you are asked for the name
985 of the score file, it's name.of.group.SCORE for rules valid in
986 only one group or all.Score for rules valid in all groups. See the
987 Gnus manual for the exact syntax, basically it's one big list
988 whose elements are lists again. the first element of those lists
989 is the header to score on, then one more list with what to match,
990 which score to assign, when to expire the rule and how to do the
991 matching. If you find me very interesting, you could e.g. add the
992 following to your all.Score:
995 (("references" ("hschmi22.userfqdn.rz-online.de" 500 nil s))
996 ("message-id" ("hschmi22.userfqdn.rz-online.de" 999 nil s)))
1000 This would add 999 to the score of messages written by me
1001 and 500 to the score of messages which are a (possibly
1002 indirect) answer to a message written by me. Of course
1003 nobody with a sane mind would do this :-)
1005 The third alternative is adaptive scoring. This means Gnus
1006 watches you and tries to find out what you find
1007 interesting and what annoying and sets up rules
1008 which reflect this. Adaptive scoring can be a huge help
1009 when reading high traffic groups. If you want to activate
1010 adaptive scoring say
1013 (setq gnus-use-adaptive-scoring t)
1020 @subsubheading Question 4.10
1022 How can I disable threading in some (e.g. mail-) groups, or
1023 set other variables specific for some groups?
1025 @subsubheading Answer
1027 While in group buffer move point over the group and hit
1028 @samp{G c}, this opens a buffer where you
1029 can set options for the group. At the bottom of the buffer
1030 you'll find an item that allows you to set variables
1031 locally for the group. To disable threading enter
1032 gnus-show-threads as name of variable and nil as
1033 value. Hit button done at the top of the buffer when
1037 @subsubheading Question 4.11
1039 Can I highlight messages written by me and follow-ups to
1042 @subsubheading Answer
1044 Stop those "Can I ..." questions, the answer is always yes
1045 in Gnus Country :-). It's a three step process: First we
1046 make faces (specifications of how summary-line shall look
1047 like) for those postings, then we'll give them some
1048 special score and finally we'll tell Gnus to use the new
1049 faces. You can find detailed instructions on how to do it on
1050 @uref{http://my.gnus.org/node/view/224, my.gnus.org}
1053 @subsubheading Question 4.12
1055 The number of total messages in a group which Gnus
1056 displays in group buffer is by far to high, especially in
1057 mail groups. Is this a bug?
1059 @subsubheading Answer
1061 No, that's a matter of design of Gnus, fixing this would
1062 mean reimplementation of major parts of Gnus'
1063 back ends. Gnus thinks "highest-article-number -
1064 lowest-article-number = total-number-of-articles". This
1065 works OK for Usenet groups, but if you delete and move
1066 many messages in mail groups, this fails. To cure the
1067 symptom, enter the group via @samp{C-u RET}
1068 (this makes Gnus get all messages), then
1069 hit @samp{M P b} to mark all messages and
1070 then say @samp{B m name.of.group} to move
1071 all messages to the group they have been in before, they
1072 get new message numbers in this process and the count is
1073 right again (until you delete and move your mail to other
1077 @subsubheading Question 4.13
1079 I don't like the layout of summary and article buffer, how
1080 to change it? Perhaps even a three pane display?
1082 @subsubheading Answer
1084 You can control the windows configuration by calling the
1085 function gnus-add-configuration. The syntax is a bit
1086 complicated but explained very well in the manual node
1087 "Window Layout". Some popular examples:
1089 Instead 25% summary 75% article buffer 35% summary and 65%
1090 article (the 1.0 for article means "take the remaining
1094 (gnus-add-configuration
1095 '(article (vertical 1.0 (summary .35 point) (article 1.0))))
1099 A three pane layout, Group buffer on the left, summary
1100 buffer top-right, article buffer bottom-right:
1103 (gnus-add-configuration
1109 (summary 0.25 point)
1111 (gnus-add-configuration
1117 (summary 1.0 point)))))
1122 @subsubheading Question 4.14
1124 I don't like the way the Summary buffer looks, how to tweak it?
1126 @subsubheading Answer
1128 You've got to play around with the variable
1129 gnus-summary-line-format. It's value is a string of
1130 symbols which stand for things like author, date, subject
1131 etc. A list of the available specifiers can be found in the
1132 manual node "Summary Buffer Lines" and the often forgotten
1133 node "Formatting Variables" and it's sub-nodes. There
1134 you'll find useful things like positioning the cursor and
1135 tabulators which allow you a summary in table form, but
1136 sadly hard tabulators are broken in 5.8.8.
1138 Since 5.10, Gnus offers you some very nice new specifiers,
1139 e.g. %B which draws a thread-tree and %&user-date which
1140 gives you a date where the details are dependent of the
1141 articles age. Here's an example which uses both:
1144 (setq gnus-summary-line-format ":%U%R %B %s %-60=|%4L |%-20,20f |%&user-date; \n")
1151 :O Re: [Richard Stallman] rfc2047.el | 13 |Lars Magne Ingebrigt |Sat 23:06
1152 :O Re: Revival of the ding-patches list | 13 |Lars Magne Ingebrigt |Sat 23:12
1153 :R > Re: Find correct list of articles for a gro| 25 |Lars Magne Ingebrigt |Sat 23:16
1154 :O \-> ... | 21 |Kai Grossjohann | 0:01
1155 :R > Re: Cry for help: deuglify.el - moving stuf| 28 |Lars Magne Ingebrigt |Sat 23:34
1156 :O \-> ... | 115 |Raymond Scholz | 1:24
1157 :O \-> ... | 19 |Lars Magne Ingebrigt |15:33
1158 :O Slow mailing list | 13 |Lars Magne Ingebrigt |Sat 23:49
1159 :O Re: `@@' mark not documented | 13 |Lars Magne Ingebrigt |Sat 23:50
1160 :R > Re: Gnus still doesn't count messages prope| 23 |Lars Magne Ingebrigt |Sat 23:57
1161 :O \-> ... | 18 |Kai Grossjohann | 0:35
1162 :O \-> ... | 13 |Lars Magne Ingebrigt | 0:56
1167 @subsubheading Question 4.15
1169 How to split incoming mails in several groups?
1171 @subsubheading Answer
1173 Gnus offers two possibilities for splitting mail, the easy
1174 nnmail-split-methods and the more powerful Fancy Mail
1175 Splitting. I'll only talk about the first one, refer to
1176 the manual, node "Fancy Mail Splitting" for the latter.
1178 The value of nnmail-split-methods is a list, each element
1179 is a list which stands for a splitting rule. Each rule has
1180 the form "group where matching articles should go to",
1181 "regular expression which has to be matched", the first
1182 rule which matches wins. The last rule must always be a
1183 general rule (regular expression .*) which denotes where
1184 articles should go which don't match any other rule. If
1185 the folder doesn't exist yet, it will be created as soon
1186 as an article lands there. By default the mail will be
1187 send to all groups whose rules match. If you
1188 don't want that (you probably don't want), say
1191 (setq nnmail-crosspost nil)
1197 An example might be better than thousand words, so here's
1198 my nnmail-split-methods. Note that I send duplicates in a
1199 special group and that the default group is spam, since I
1200 filter all mails out which are from some list I'm
1201 subscribed to or which are addressed directly to me
1202 before. Those rules kill about 80% of the Spam which
1203 reaches me (Email addresses are changed to prevent spammers
1207 (setq nnmail-split-methods
1208 '(("duplicates" "^Gnus-Warning:.*duplicate")
1209 ("XEmacs-NT" "^\\(To:\\|CC:\\).*localpart@@xemacs.bla.*")
1210 ("Gnus-Tut" "^\\(To:\\|CC:\\).*localpart@@socha.bla.*")
1211 ("tcsh" "^\\(To:\\|CC:\\).*localpart@@mx.gw.bla.*")
1212 ("BAfH" "^\\(To:\\|CC:\\).*localpart@@.*uni-muenchen.bla.*")
1213 ("Hamster-src" "^\\(CC:\\|To:\\).*hamster-sourcen@@yahoogroups.\\(de\\|com\\).*")
1214 ("Tagesschau" "^From: tagesschau <localpart@@www.tagesschau.bla>$")
1215 ("Replies" "^\\(CC:\\|To:\\).*localpart@@Frank-Schmitt.bla.*")
1216 ("EK" "^From:.*\\(localpart@@privateprovider.bla\\|localpart@@workplace.bla\\).*")
1217 ("Spam" "^Content-Type:.*\\(ks_c_5601-1987\\|EUC-KR\\|big5\\|iso-2022-jp\\).*")
1218 ("Spam" "^Subject:.*\\(This really work\\|XINGA\\|ADV:\\|XXX\\|adult\\|sex\\).*")
1219 ("Spam" "^Subject:.*\\(\=\?ks_c_5601-1987\?\\|\=\?euc-kr\?\\|\=\?big5\?\\).*")
1220 ("Spam" "^X-Mailer:\\(.*BulkMailer.*\\|.*MIME::Lite.*\\|\\)")
1221 ("Spam" "^X-Mailer:\\(.*CyberCreek Avalanche\\|.*http\:\/\/GetResponse\.com\\)")
1222 ("Spam" "^From:.*\\(verizon\.net\\|prontomail\.com\\|money\\|ConsumerDirect\\).*")
1223 ("Spam" "^Delivered-To: GMX delivery to spamtrap@@gmx.bla$")
1224 ("Spam" "^Received: from link2buy.com")
1225 ("Spam" "^CC: .*azzrael@@t-online.bla")
1226 ("Spam" "^X-Mailer-Version: 1.50 BETA")
1227 ("Uni" "^\\(CC:\\|To:\\).*localpart@@uni-koblenz.bla.*")
1228 ("Inbox" "^\\(CC:\\|To:\\).*\\(my\ name\\|address@@one.bla\\|adress@@two.bla\\)")
1233 @node FAQ 5 - Composing messages
1234 @subsection Composing messages
1237 * [5.1]:: What are the basic commands I need to know for sending
1239 * [5.2]:: How to enable automatic word-wrap when composing messages?
1240 * [5.3]:: How to set stuff like From, Organization, Reply-To,
1242 * [5.4]:: Can I set things like From, Signature etc group based on
1243 the group I post too?
1244 * [5.5]:: Is there a spell-checker? Perhaps even on-the-fly
1246 * [5.6]:: Can I set the dictionary based on the group I'm posting
1248 * [5.7]:: Is there some kind of address-book, so I needn't remember
1249 all those email addresses?
1250 * [5.8]:: Sometimes I see little images at the top of article
1251 buffer. What's that and how can I send one with my postings, too?
1252 * [5.9]:: Sometimes I accidentally hit r instead of f in newsgroups.
1253 Can Gnus warn me, when I'm replying by mail in newsgroups?
1254 * [5.10]:: How to tell Gnus not to generate a sender header?
1255 * [5.11]:: I want Gnus to locally store copies of my send mail and
1257 * [5.12]:: People tell me my Message-IDs are not correct, why aren't
1258 they and how to fix it?
1262 @subsubheading Question 5.1
1264 What are the basic commands I need to know for sending mail and postings?
1266 @subsubheading Answer
1268 To start composing a new mail hit @samp{m}
1269 either in Group or Summary buffer, for a posting, it's
1270 either @samp{a} in Group buffer and
1271 filling the Newsgroups header manually
1272 or @samp{a} in the Summary buffer of the
1273 group where the posting shall be send to. Replying by mail
1275 @samp{r} if you don't want to cite the
1276 author, or import the cited text manually and
1277 @samp{R} to cite the text of the original
1278 message. For a follow up to a newsgroup, it's
1279 @samp{f} and @samp{F}
1280 (analogously to @samp{r} and
1283 Enter new headers above the line saying "--text follows
1284 this line--", enter the text below the line. When ready
1285 hit @samp{C-c C-c}, to send the message,
1286 if you want to finish it later hit @samp{C-c
1287 C-d} to save it in the drafts group, where you
1288 can start editing it again by saying @samp{D
1292 @subsubheading Question 5.2
1294 How to enable automatic word-wrap when composing messages?
1296 @subsubheading Answer
1301 (add-hook 'message-mode-hook
1303 (setq fill-column 72)
1304 (turn-on-auto-fill)))
1308 in ~/.gnus.el. You can reformat a paragraph by hitting
1309 @samp{M-q} (as usual)
1312 @subsubheading Question 5.3
1314 How to set stuff like From, Organization, Reply-To, signature...?
1316 @subsubheading Answer
1318 There are other ways, but you should use posting styles
1319 for this. (See below why).
1320 This example should make the syntax clear:
1323 (setq gnus-posting-styles
1325 (name "Frank Schmitt")
1326 (address "me@@there.bla")
1327 (organization "Hamme net, kren mer och nimmi")
1328 (signature-file "~/.signature")
1329 ("X-SampleHeader" "foobar")
1330 (eval (setq some-variable "Foo bar")))))
1334 The ".*" means that this settings are the default ones
1335 (see below), valid values for the first element of the
1336 following lists are signature, signature-file,
1337 organization, address, name or body. The attribute name
1338 can also be a string. In that case, this will be used as
1339 a header name, and the value will be inserted in the
1340 headers of the article; if the value is `nil', the header
1341 name will be removed. You can also say (eval (foo bar)),
1342 then the function foo will be evaluated with argument bar
1343 and the result will be thrown away.
1346 @subsubheading Question 5.4
1348 Can I set things like From, Signature etc group based on the group I post too?
1350 @subsubheading Answer
1352 That's the strength of posting styles. Before, we used ".*"
1353 to set the default for all groups. You can use a regexp
1354 like "^gmane" and the following settings are only applied
1355 to postings you send to the gmane hierarchy, use
1356 ".*binaries" instead and they will be applied to postings
1357 send to groups containing the string binaries in their
1360 You can instead of specifying a regexp specify a function
1361 which is evaluated, only if it returns true, the
1362 corresponding settings take effect. Two interesting
1363 candidates for this are message-news-p which returns t if
1364 the current Group is a newsgroup and the corresponding
1367 Note that all forms that match are applied, that means in
1368 the example below, when I post to
1369 gmane.mail.spam.spamassassin.general, the settings under
1370 ".*" are applied and the settings under message-news-p and
1371 those under "^gmane" and those under
1372 "^gmane\\.mail\\.spam\\.spamassassin\\.general$". Because
1373 of this put general settings at the top and specific ones
1377 (setq gnus-posting-styles
1379 (name "Frank Schmitt")
1380 (organization "Hamme net, kren mer och nimmi")
1381 (signature-file "~/.signature") )
1382 ((message-news-p) ;;Usenet news?
1383 (address "mySpamTrap@@Frank-Schmitt.bla")
1384 ("Reply-To" "hereRealRepliesOnlyPlease@@Frank-Schmitt.bla") )
1385 ((message-mail-p) ;;mail?
1386 (address "usedForMails@@Frank-Schmitt.bla") )
1387 ("^gmane" ;;this is mail, too in fact
1388 (address "usedForMails@@Frank-Schmitt.net")
1390 ("^gmane.mail.spam.spamassassin.general$"
1391 (eval (setq mail-envelope-from "Azzrael@@rz-online.de"))
1392 (address "Azzrael@@rz-online.de")) ))
1397 @subsubheading Question 5.5
1399 Is there a spell-checker? Perhaps even on-the-fly spell-checking?
1401 @subsubheading Answer
1403 You can use ispell.el to spell-check stuff in Emacs. So the
1404 first thing to do is to make sure that you've got either
1405 @uref{http://fmg-www.cs.ucla.edu/fmg-members/geoff/ispell.html, ispell}
1406 or @uref{http://aspell.sourceforge.net/, aspell}
1407 installed and in your Path. Then you need
1408 @uref{http://www.kdstevens.com/~stevens/ispell-page.html, ispell.el}
1409 and for on-the-fly spell-checking
1410 @uref{http://www-sop.inria.fr/mimosa/personnel/Manuel.Serrano/flyspell/flyspell.html, flyspell.el}.
1411 Ispell.el is shipped with Emacs and available through the XEmacs package system,
1412 flyspell.el is shipped with Emacs and part of XEmacs text-modes package which is
1413 available through the package system, so there should be no need to install them
1416 Ispell.el assumes you use ispell, if you choose aspell say
1419 (setq ispell-program-name "aspell")
1423 in your Emacs configuration file.
1425 If you want your outgoing messages to be spell-checked, say
1428 (add-hook 'message-send-hook 'ispell-message)
1432 In your ~/.gnus.el, if you prefer on-the-fly spell-checking say
1435 (add-hook 'message-mode-hook (lambda () (flyspell-mode 1)))
1440 @subsubheading Question 5.6
1442 Can I set the dictionary based on the group I'm posting to?
1444 @subsubheading Answer
1446 Yes, say something like
1449 (add-hook 'gnus-select-group-hook
1453 "^de\\." (gnus-group-real-name gnus-newsgroup-name))
1454 (ispell-change-dictionary "deutsch8"))
1456 (ispell-change-dictionary "english")))))
1460 in ~/.gnus.el. Change "^de\\." and "deutsch8" to something
1461 that suits your needs.
1464 @subsubheading Question 5.7
1466 Is there some kind of address-book, so I needn't remember
1467 all those email addresses?
1469 @subsubheading Answer
1471 There's an very basic solution for this, mail aliases.
1472 You can store your mail addresses in a ~/.mailrc file using a simple
1476 alias al "Al <al@@english-heritage.bla>"
1480 Then typing your alias (followed by a space or punctuation
1481 character) on a To: or Cc: line in the message buffer will
1482 cause Gnus to insert the full address for you. See the
1483 node "Mail Aliases" in Message (not Gnus) manual for
1486 However, what you really want is the Insidious Big Brother
1487 Database bbdb. Get it through the XEmacs package system or from
1488 @uref{http://bbdb.sourceforge.net/, bbdb's homepage}.
1489 Now place the following in ~/.gnus.el, to activate bbdb for Gnus:
1493 (bbdb-initialize 'gnus 'message)
1497 Now you probably want some general bbdb configuration,
1498 place them in ~/.emacs:
1502 ;;If you don't live in Northern America, you should disable the
1503 ;;syntax check for telephone numbers by saying
1504 (setq bbdb-north-american-phone-numbers-p nil)
1505 ;;Tell bbdb about your email address:
1506 (setq bbdb-user-mail-names
1507 (regexp-opt '("Your.Email@@here.bla"
1508 "Your.other@@mail.there.bla")))
1509 ;;cycling while completing email addresses
1510 (setq bbdb-complete-name-allow-cycling t)
1512 (setq bbdb-use-pop-up nil)
1516 Now you should be ready to go. Say @samp{M-x bbdb RET
1517 RET} to open a bbdb buffer showing all
1518 entries. Say @samp{c} to create a new
1519 entry, @samp{b} to search your BBDB and
1520 @samp{C-o} to add a new field to an
1521 entry. If you want to add a sender to the BBDB you can
1522 also just hit `:' on the posting in the summary buffer and
1523 you are done. When you now compose a new mail,
1524 hit @samp{TAB} to cycle through know
1528 @subsubheading Question 5.8
1530 Sometimes I see little images at the top of article
1531 buffer. What's that and how can I send one with my
1534 @subsubheading Answer
1536 Those images are called X-Faces. They are 48*48 pixel b/w
1537 pictures, encoded in a header line. If you want to include
1538 one in your posts, you've got to convert some image to a
1539 X-Face. So fire up some image manipulation program (say
1540 Gimp), open the image you want to include, cut out the
1541 relevant part, reduce color depth to 1 bit, resize to
1542 48*48 and save as bitmap. Now you should get the compface
1544 @uref{ftp://ftp.cs.indiana.edu:/pub/faces/, this site}.
1545 and create the actual X-face by saying
1548 cat file.xbm | xbm2ikon | compface > file.face
1549 cat file.face | sed 's/\\/\\\\/g;s/\"/\\\"/g;' > file.face.quoted
1553 If you can't use compface, there's an online X-face converter at
1554 @uref{http://www.dairiki.org/xface/}.
1555 If you use MS Windows, you could also use the WinFace program from
1556 @uref{http://www.xs4all.nl/~walterln/winface/}.
1557 Now you only have to tell Gnus to include the X-face in your postings by saying
1560 (setq message-default-headers
1563 (insert-file-contents "~/.xemacs/xface")
1571 @subsubheading Question 5.9
1573 Sometimes I accidentally hit r instead of f in
1574 newsgroups. Can Gnus warn me, when I'm replying by mail in
1577 @subsubheading Answer
1579 Put this in ~/.gnus.el:
1582 (setq gnus-confirm-mail-reply-to-news t)
1586 if you already use Gnus 5.10, if you still use 5.8.8 or
1587 5.9 try this instead:
1590 (eval-after-load "gnus-msg"
1591 '(unless (boundp 'gnus-confirm-mail-reply-to-news)
1592 (defadvice gnus-summary-reply (around reply-in-news activate)
1593 "Request confirmation when replying to news."
1595 (when (or (not (gnus-news-group-p gnus-newsgroup-name))
1596 (y-or-n-p "Really reply by mail to article author? "))
1602 @subsubheading Question 5.10
1604 How to tell Gnus not to generate a sender header?
1606 @subsubheading Answer
1608 Since 5.10 Gnus doesn't generate a sender header by
1609 default. For older Gnus' try this in ~/.gnus.el:
1612 (eval-after-load "message"
1613 '(add-to-list 'message-syntax-checks '(sender . disabled)))
1618 @subsubheading Question 5.11
1620 I want Gnus to locally store copies of my send mail and
1623 @subsubheading Answer
1625 You must set the variable gnus-message-archive-group to do
1626 this. You can set it to a string giving the name of the
1627 group where the copies shall go or like in the example
1628 below use a function which is evaluated and which returns
1632 (setq gnus-message-archive-group
1633 '((if (message-news-p)
1640 @subsubheading Question 5.12
1642 People tell me my Message-IDs are not correct, why
1643 aren't they and how to fix it?
1645 @subsubheading Answer
1647 The message-ID is an unique identifier for messages you
1648 send. To make it unique, Gnus need to know which machine
1649 name to put after the "@@". If the name of the machine
1650 where Gnus is running isn't suitable (it probably isn't
1651 at most private machines) you can tell Gnus what to use
1655 (setq message-user-fqdn "yourmachine.yourdomain.tld")
1659 in ~/.gnus.el. If you use Gnus 5.9 or ealier, you can use this
1660 instead (works for newer versions a well):
1663 (eval-after-load "message"
1664 '(let ((fqdn "yourmachine.yourdomain.tld"));; <-- Edit this!
1665 (if (boundp 'message-user-fqdn)
1666 (setq message-user-fqdn fqdn)
1667 (gnus-message 1 "Redefining `message-make-fqdn'.")
1668 (defun message-make-fqdn ()
1669 "Return user's fully qualified domain name."
1674 If you have no idea what to insert for
1675 "yourmachine.yourdomain.tld", you've got several
1676 choices. You can either ask your provider if he allows
1677 you to use something like
1678 yourUserName.userfqdn.provider.net, or you can use
1679 somethingUnique.yourdomain.tld if you own the domain
1680 yourdomain.tld, or you can register at a service which
1681 gives private users a FQDN for free, e.g.
1682 @uref{http://www.stura.tu-freiberg.de/~dlx/addfqdn.html}.
1683 (Sorry but this website is in German, if you know of an
1684 English one offering the same, drop me a note).
1686 Finally you can tell Gnus not to generate a Message-ID
1687 for News at all (and letting the server do the job) by saying
1690 (setq message-required-news-headers
1691 (remove' Message-ID message-required-news-headers))
1695 you can also tell Gnus not to generate Message-IDs for mail by saying
1698 (setq message-required-mail-headers
1699 (remove' Message-ID message-required-mail-headers))
1703 , however some mail servers don't generate proper
1704 Message-IDs, too, so test if your Mail Server behaves
1705 correctly by sending yourself a Mail and looking at the Message-ID.
1707 @node FAQ 6 - Old messages
1708 @subsection Old messages
1711 * [6.1]:: How to import my old mail into Gnus?
1712 * [6.2]:: How to archive interesting messages?
1713 * [6.3]:: How to search for a specific message?
1714 * [6.4]:: How to get rid of old unwanted mail?
1715 * [6.5]:: I want that all read messages are expired (at least in some
1716 groups). How to do it?
1717 * [6.6]:: I don't want expiration to delete my mails but to move them
1722 @subsubheading Question 6.1
1724 How to import my old mail into Gnus?
1726 @subsubheading Answer
1728 The easiest way is to tell your old mail program to
1729 export the messages in mbox format. Most Unix mailers
1730 are able to do this, if you come from the MS Windows
1731 world, you may find tools at
1732 @uref{http://mbx2mbox.sourceforge.net/}.
1734 Now you've got to import this mbox file into Gnus. To do
1735 this, create a nndoc group based on the mbox file by
1736 saying @samp{G f /path/file.mbox RET} in
1737 Group buffer. You now have read-only access to your
1738 mail. If you want to import the messages to your normal
1739 Gnus mail groups hierarchy, enter the nndoc group you've
1740 just created by saying @samp{C-u RET}
1741 (thus making sure all messages are retrieved), mark all
1742 messages by saying @samp{M P b} and
1743 either copy them to the desired group by saying
1744 @samp{B c name.of.group RET} or send them
1745 through nnmail-split-methods (respool them) by saying
1749 @subsubheading Question 6.2
1751 How to archive interesting messages?
1753 @subsubheading Answer
1755 If you stumble across an interesting message, say in
1756 gnu.emacs.gnus and want to archive it there are several
1757 solutions. The first and easiest is to save it to a file
1758 by saying @samp{O f}. However, wouldn't
1759 it be much more convenient to have more direct access to
1760 the archived message from Gnus? If you say yes, put this
1761 snippet by Frank Haun <pille3003@@fhaun.de> in
1765 (defun my-archive-article (&optional n)
1766 "Copies one or more article(s) to a corresponding `nnml:' group, e.g.
1767 `gnus.ding' goes to `nnml:1.gnus.ding'. And `nnml:List-gnus.ding' goes
1768 to `nnml:1.List-gnus-ding'.
1770 Use process marks or mark a region in the summary buffer to archive
1771 more then one article."
1776 (if (featurep 'xemacs)
1777 (replace-in-string gnus-newsgroup-name "^.*:" "")
1778 (replace-regexp-in-string "^.*:" "" gnus-newsgroup-name)))))
1779 (gnus-summary-copy-article n archive-name)))
1783 You can now say @samp{M-x
1784 my-archive-article} in summary buffer to
1785 archive the article under the cursor in a nnml
1786 group. (Change nnml to your preferred back end)
1788 Of course you can also make sure the cache is enabled by saying
1791 (setq gnus-use-cache t)
1795 then you only have to set either the tick or the dormant
1796 mark for articles you want to keep, setting the read
1797 mark will remove them from cache.
1800 @subsubheading Question 6.3
1802 How to search for a specific message?
1804 @subsubheading Answer
1806 There are several ways for this, too. For a posting from
1807 a Usenet group the easiest solution is probably to ask
1808 @uref{http://groups.google.com, groups.google.com},
1809 if you found the posting there, tell Google to display
1810 the raw message, look for the message-id, and say
1811 @samp{M-^ the@@message.id RET} in a
1813 Since Gnus 5.10 there's also a Gnus interface for
1814 groups.google.com which you can call with
1815 @samp{G W}) in group buffer.
1817 Another idea which works for both mail and news groups
1818 is to enter the group where the message you are
1819 searching is and use the standard Emacs search
1820 @samp{C-s}, it's smart enough to look at
1821 articles in collapsed threads, too. If you want to
1822 search bodies, too try @samp{M-s}
1823 instead. Further on there are the
1824 gnus-summary-limit-to-foo functions, which can help you,
1827 Of course you can also use grep to search through your
1828 local mail, but this is both slow for big archives and
1829 inconvenient since you are not displaying the found mail
1830 in Gnus. Here comes nnir into action. Nnir is a front end
1831 to search engines like swish-e or swish++ and
1832 others. You index your mail with one of those search
1833 engines and with the help of nnir you can search trough
1834 the indexed mail and generate a temporary group with all
1835 messages which met your search criteria. If this sound
1836 cool to you get nnir.el from
1837 @uref{ftp://ls6-ftp.cs.uni-dortmund.de/pub/src/emacs/}
1838 or @uref{ftp://ftp.is.informatik.uni-duisburg.de/pub/src/emacs/}.
1839 Instructions on how to use it are at the top of the file.
1842 @subsubheading Question 6.4
1844 How to get rid of old unwanted mail?
1846 @subsubheading Answer
1848 You can of course just mark the mail you don't need
1849 anymore by saying @samp{#} with point
1850 over the mail and then say @samp{B DEL}
1851 to get rid of them forever. You could also instead of
1852 actually deleting them, send them to a junk-group by
1853 saying @samp{B m nnml:trash-bin} which
1854 you clear from time to time, but both are not the intended
1857 In Gnus, we let mail expire like news expires on a news
1858 server. That means you tell Gnus the message is
1859 expirable (you tell Gnus "I don't need this mail
1860 anymore") by saying @samp{E} with point
1861 over the mail in summary buffer. Now when you leave the
1862 group, Gnus looks at all messages which you marked as
1863 expirable before and if they are old enough (default is
1864 older than a week) they are deleted.
1867 @subsubheading Question 6.5
1869 I want that all read messages are expired (at least in
1870 some groups). How to do it?
1872 @subsubheading Answer
1874 If you want all read messages to be expired (e.g. in
1875 mailing lists where there's an online archive), you've
1876 got two choices: auto-expire and
1877 total-expire. Auto-expire means, that every article
1878 which has no marks set and is selected for reading is
1879 marked as expirable, Gnus hits @samp{E}
1880 for you every time you read a message. Total-expire
1881 follows a slightly different approach, here all article
1882 where the read mark is set are expirable.
1884 To activate auto-expire, include auto-expire in the
1885 Group parameters for the group. (Hit @samp{G
1886 c} in summary buffer with point over the
1887 group to change group parameters). For total-expire add
1888 total-expire to the group-parameters.
1890 Which method you choose is merely a matter of taste:
1891 Auto-expire is faster, but it doesn't play together with
1892 Adaptive Scoring, so if you want to use this feature,
1893 you should use total-expire.
1895 If you want a message to be excluded from expiration in
1896 a group where total or auto expire is active, set either
1897 tick (hit @samp{u}) or dormant mark (hit
1898 @samp{u}), when you use auto-expire, you
1899 can also set the read mark (hit
1903 @subsubheading Question 6.6
1905 I don't want expiration to delete my mails but to move them
1908 @subsubheading Answer
1910 Say something like this in ~/.gnus.el:
1913 (setq nnmail-expiry-target "nnml:expired")
1917 (If you want to change the value of nnmail-expiry-target
1918 on a per group basis see the question "How can I disable
1919 threading in some (e.g. mail-) groups, or set other
1920 variables specific for some groups?")
1922 @node FAQ 7 - Gnus in a dial-up environment
1923 @subsection Gnus in a dial-up environment
1926 * [7.1]:: I don't have a permanent connection to the net, how can I
1927 minimize the time I've got to be connected?
1928 * [7.2]:: So what was this thing about the Agent?
1929 * [7.3]:: I want to store article bodies on disk, too. How to do it?
1930 * [7.4]:: How to tell Gnus not to try to send mails / postings while
1935 @subsubheading Question 7.1
1937 I don't have a permanent connection to the net, how can
1938 I minimize the time I've got to be connected?
1940 @subsubheading Answer
1942 You've got basically two options: Either you use the
1943 Gnus Agent (see below) for this, or you can install
1944 programs which fetch your news and mail to your local
1945 disk and Gnus reads the stuff from your local
1948 If you want to follow the second approach, you need a
1949 program which fetches news and offers them to Gnus, a
1950 program which does the same for mail and a program which
1951 receives the mail you write from Gnus and sends them
1954 Let's talk about Unix systems first: For the news part,
1955 the easiest solution is a small nntp server like
1956 @uref{http://www.leafnode.org/, Leafnode} or
1957 @uref{http://infa.abo.fi/~patrik/sn/, sn},
1958 of course you can also install a full featured news
1960 @uref{http://www.isc.org/products/INN/, inn}.
1961 Then you want to fetch your Mail, popular choices
1962 are @uref{http://www.catb.org/~esr/fetchmail/, fetchmail}
1963 and @uref{http://www.qcc.ca/~charlesc/software/getmail-3.0/, getmail}.
1964 You should tell those to write the mail to your disk and
1965 Gnus to read it from there. Last but not least the mail
1966 sending part: This can be done with every MTA like
1967 @uref{http://www.sendmail.org/, sendmail},
1968 @uref{http://www.qmail.org/, postfix},
1969 @uref{http://www.exim.org/, exim} or
1970 @uref{http://www.qmail.org/, qmail}.
1972 On windows boxes I'd vote for
1973 @uref{http://www.tglsoft.de/, Hamster},
1974 it's a small freeware, open-source program which fetches
1975 your mail and news from remote servers and offers them
1976 to Gnus (or any other mail and/or news reader) via nntp
1977 respectively POP3 or IMAP. It also includes a smtp
1978 server for receiving mails from Gnus.
1981 @subsubheading Question 7.2
1983 So what was this thing about the Agent?
1985 @subsubheading Answer
1987 The Gnus agent is part of Gnus, it allows you to fetch
1988 mail and news and store them on disk for reading them
1989 later when you're offline. It kind of mimics offline
1990 newsreaders like e.g. Forte Agent. If you want to use
1991 the Agent place the following in ~/.gnus.el if you are
1992 still using 5.8.8 or 5.9 (it's the default since 5.10):
1999 Now you've got to select the servers whose groups can be
2000 stored locally. To do this, open the server buffer
2001 (that is press @samp{^} while in the
2002 group buffer). Now select a server by moving point to
2003 the line naming that server. Finally, agentize the
2004 server by typing @samp{J a}. If you
2005 make a mistake, or change your mind, you can undo this
2006 action by typing @samp{J r}. When
2007 you're done, type 'q' to return to the group buffer.
2008 Now the next time you enter a group on a agentized
2009 server, the headers will be stored on disk and read from
2010 there the next time you enter the group.
2013 @subsubheading Question 7.3
2015 I want to store article bodies on disk, too. How to do it?
2017 @subsubheading Answer
2019 You can tell the agent to automatically fetch the bodies
2020 of articles which fulfill certain predicates, this is
2021 done in a special buffer which can be reached by
2022 saying @samp{J c} in group
2023 buffer. Please refer to the documentation for
2024 information which predicates are possible and how
2027 Further on you can tell the agent manually which
2028 articles to store on disk. There are two ways to do
2029 this: Number one: In the summary buffer, process mark a
2030 set of articles that shall be stored in the agent by
2031 saying @samp{#} with point over the
2032 article and then type @samp{J s}. The
2033 other possibility is to set, again in the summary
2034 buffer, downloadable (%) marks for the articles you
2035 want by typing @samp{@@} with point over
2036 the article and then typing @samp{J u}.
2037 What's the difference? Well, process marks are erased as
2038 soon as you exit the summary buffer while downloadable
2039 marks are permanent. You can actually set downloadable
2040 marks in several groups then use fetch session ('J s' in
2041 the GROUP buffer) to fetch all of those articles. The
2042 only downside is that fetch session also fetches all of
2043 the headers for every selected group on an agentized
2044 server. Depending on the volume of headers, the initial
2045 fetch session could take hours.
2048 @subsubheading Question 7.4
2050 How to tell Gnus not to try to send mails / postings
2053 @subsubheading Answer
2055 All you've got to do is to tell Gnus when you are online
2056 (plugged) and when you are offline (unplugged), the rest
2057 works automatically. You can toggle plugged/unplugged
2058 state by saying @samp{J j} in group
2059 buffer. To start Gnus unplugged say @samp{M-x
2060 gnus-unplugged} instead of
2061 @samp{M-x gnus}. Note that for this to
2062 work, the agent must be active.
2064 @node FAQ 8 - Getting help
2065 @subsection Getting help
2068 * [8.1]:: How to find information and help inside Emacs?
2069 * [8.2]:: I can't find anything in the Gnus manual about X (e.g.
2070 attachments, PGP, MIME...), is it not documented?
2071 * [8.3]:: Which websites should I know?
2072 * [8.4]:: Which mailing lists and newsgroups are there?
2073 * [8.5]:: Where to report bugs?
2074 * [8.6]:: I need real-time help, where to find it?
2078 @subsubheading Question 8.1
2080 How to find information and help inside Emacs?
2082 @subsubheading Answer
2084 The first stop should be the Gnus manual (Say
2085 @samp{C-h i d m Gnus RET} to start the
2086 Gnus manual, then walk through the menus or do a
2087 full-text search with @samp{s}). Then
2088 there are the general Emacs help commands starting with
2089 C-h, type @samp{C-h ? ?} to get a list
2090 of all available help commands and their meaning. Finally
2091 @samp{M-x apropos-command} lets you
2092 search through all available functions and @samp{M-x
2093 apropos} searches the bound variables.
2096 @subsubheading Question 8.2
2098 I can't find anything in the Gnus manual about X
2099 (e.g. attachments, PGP, MIME...), is it not documented?
2101 @subsubheading Answer
2103 There's not only the Gnus manual but also the manuals
2104 for message, emacs-mime, sieve and pgg. Those packages
2105 are distributed with Gnus and used by Gnus but aren't
2106 really part of core Gnus, so they are documented in
2107 different info files, you should have a look in those
2111 @subsubheading Question 8.3
2113 Which websites should I know?
2115 @subsubheading Answer
2117 The two most important ones are the
2118 @uref{http://www.gnus.org, official Gnus website}.
2119 and it's sister site
2120 @uref{http://my.gnus.org, my.gnus.org (MGO)},
2121 hosting an archive of lisp snippets, howtos, a (not
2122 really finished) tutorial and this FAQ.
2124 Tell me about other sites which are interesting.
2127 @subsubheading Question 8.4
2129 Which mailing lists and newsgroups are there?
2131 @subsubheading Answer
2133 There's the newsgroup gnu.emacs.gnus (pull it from
2134 e.g. news.gnus.org) which deals with general questions and the
2135 ding mailing list (ding@@gnus.org) dealing with development of
2136 Gnus. You can read the ding list via NNTP, too under the name
2137 gmane.emacs.gnus.general from news.gmane.org.
2139 If you want to stay in the big8,
2140 news.software.newssreaders is also read by some Gnus
2141 users (but chances for qualified help are much better in
2142 the above groups) and if you speak German, there's
2143 de.comm.software.gnus.
2146 @subsubheading Question 8.5
2148 Where to report bugs?
2150 @subsubheading Answer
2152 Say @samp{M-x gnus-bug}, this will start
2154 @email{bugs@@gnus.org, gnus bug mailing list}
2155 including information about your environment which make
2156 it easier to help you.
2159 @subsubheading Question 8.6
2161 I need real-time help, where to find it?
2163 @subsubheading Answer
2165 Point your IRC client to irc.my.gnus.org channel
2166 #mygnus. Don't be afraid if people there speak German,
2167 they are willing and capable of switching to
2168 English when people from outside Germany enter.
2170 @node FAQ 9 - Tuning Gnus
2171 @subsection Tuning Gnus
2174 * [9.1]:: Starting Gnus is really slow, how to speed it up?
2175 * [9.2]:: How to speed up the process of entering a group?
2176 * [9.3]:: Sending mail becomes slower and slower, what's up?
2180 @subsubheading Question 9.1
2182 Starting Gnus is really slow, how to speed it up?
2184 @subsubheading Answer
2186 The reason for this could be the way Gnus reads it's
2187 active file, see the node "The Active File" in the Gnus
2188 manual for things you might try to speed the process up.
2189 An other idea would be to byte compile your ~/.gnus.el (say
2190 @samp{M-x byte-compile-file RET ~/.gnus.el
2191 RET} to do it). Finally, if you have require
2192 statements in your .gnus, you could replace them with
2193 eval-after-load, which loads the stuff not at startup
2194 time, but when it's needed. Say you've got this in your
2199 (add-to-list 'message-syntax-checks '(sender . disabled))
2203 then as soon as you start Gnus, message.el is loaded. If
2207 (eval-after-load "message"
2208 '(add-to-list 'message-syntax-checks '(sender . disabled)))
2212 it's loaded when it's needed.
2215 @subsubheading Question 9.2
2217 How to speed up the process of entering a group?
2219 @subsubheading Answer
2221 A speed killer is setting the variable
2222 gnus-fetch-old-headers to anything different from nil,
2223 so don't do this if speed is an issue. To speed up
2224 building of summary say
2231 at the bottom of your ~/.gnus.el, this will make gnus
2232 byte-compile things like
2233 gnus-summary-line-format.
2234 then you could increase the value of gc-cons-threshold
2235 by saying something like
2238 (setq gc-cons-threshold 3500000)
2242 in ~/.emacs. If you don't care about width of CJK
2243 characters or use Gnus 5.10 or younger together with a
2244 recent GNU Emacs, you should say
2247 (setq gnus-use-correct-string-widths nil)
2251 in ~/.gnus.el (thanks to Jesper harder for the last
2252 two suggestions). Finally if you are still using 5.8.8
2253 or 5.9 and experience speed problems with summary
2254 buffer generation, you definitely should update to
2255 5.10 since there quite some work on improving it has
2259 @subsubheading Question 9.3
2261 Sending mail becomes slower and slower, what's up?
2263 @subsubheading Answer
2265 The reason could be that you told Gnus to archive the
2266 messages you wrote by setting
2267 gnus-message-archive-group. Try to use a nnml group
2268 instead of an archive group, this should bring you back
2271 @node FAQ - Glossary
2272 @subsection Glossary
2277 When the term ~/.gnus.el is used it just means your Gnus
2278 configuration file. You might as well call it ~/.gnus or
2279 specify another name.
2282 In Gnus terminology a back end is a virtual server, a layer
2283 between core Gnus and the real NNTP-, POP3-, IMAP- or
2284 whatever-server which offers Gnus a standardized interface
2285 to functions like "get message", "get Headers" etc.
2288 When the term Emacs is used in this FAQ, it means either GNU
2292 In this FAQ message means a either a mail or a posting to a
2293 Usenet Newsgroup or to some other fancy back end, no matter
2294 of which kind it is.
2297 MUA is an acronym for Mail User Agent, it's the program you
2298 use to read and write e-mails.
2301 NUA is an acronym for News User Agent, it's the program you
2302 use to read and write Usenet news.
2307 @c coding: iso-2022-7bit
2310 @c use-kuten-for-period: t
2311 @c use-touten-for-comma: t